Chlorella 엽록체의 인지질 생합성 및 지방산조성에 미치는 Nitrate 와 Phosphate 결핍 효과

이점규(Jeom Kyu Lee),이종삼(Chong Sam Lee) 한국식물학회 1988 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.31 No.3

Chlorella ellipsoidea were cultured in cold media starvated with the nitrate and phosphate sources. The effects of the nitrate and phosphate starvation on the biosynthesis of phospholipid and the composition of fatty acids in chloroplasts isolated from these cells were analyzed. The syntheses of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol in the nitrate and phosphate starvation were similarly inhibited as compared with the control but phosphatidyle-thanolamine synthesis in the nitrate starvation was extremely lower than that in the phosphate starvation. The major fatty acids utilized in phospholipid formation within chloroplasts were palmitic acid and linolenic acid. However, palmitic acid and stearic acid were dominant in the condition of the nitrate starvation. The levels of palmitic acid in the phosphate starvation were predominant and availability of palmitic acid were enhanced 3-fold than that of the control. These results suggest that the biosynthesis of phospholipid and the composition of fatty acids were affected by the nitrate and phosphate starvation in the culture media.

국내 분리 다제내성 장티프스균의 Plasmid 및 ${\beta}$-lactamase의 특성에 관한 연구

유정식,신영학,오경수,이점규,김기상,Yoo, Jung-Sik,Shin, Young-Hack,Oh, Kyung-Soo,Lee, Jeom-Kyu,Kim, Ki-Sang 대한미생물학회 1999 大韓微生物學會誌 Vol.34 No.5

Eight strains of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella typhi were isolated from Kyonggi area during January-February, 1997. They were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, carbenicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim. Eight strains had one plasmid respectively which size was approximately M.W 220 kb and showed same restriction pattern by endonuclease HindIII. The plasmid was similar to the plasmid in size that was related to multidrug resistant S. typhi isolated from southeast Asia. It were transferred by conjugation to recipient E. coli K-12 in frequency of $2.43{\times}10^4-1.73{\times}10^{-2}$ and transconjugant showed same drug-resistant pattern with donor cells. All of 8 strains produced ${\beta}$-lactamase that was assummed to TEM-l type by isoelectric focusing and PCR.

국내 유래 집먼지진드기 알레르겐을 이용한 알레르겐 만성노출 실험동물모델 구축

이성희 ( Sung-hee Lee ),장우성 ( Woo-sung Chang ),정규태 ( Kyu-tae Jeong ),이점규 ( Jeom Kyu Lee ) 대한천식알레르기학회 2022 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.10 No.1

Purpose: Asthma is a chronic disorder characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness and reversible airflow obstruction. Repeated exposure to allergens of the respiratory tract causes chronic inflammation, followed by structural changes in the lung called airway remodeling. House dust mites (HDM) are known as the predominant inhalant allergens, and several studies have reported that the allergenic property of HDM extracts varied with the geographic regions where they were produced. This study aimed to establish a murine experimental model by long-term intranasal exposure to HDM allergen indigenous to Korea. Methods: HDM extracts from cultured Dermatophagoides pteronissunus in Korea were used in our model. We administered the extracts intranasally to BALB/c mice 3 times a week for 8 or 10 consecutive weeks, followed by measuring airway allergic inflammation and airway remodeling. Results: The number of neutrophils in the lungs was higher in the group with long-term exposure to HDM than in the normal control group. The levels of total IgE and a wide range of cytokines, including Th1/Th2/Th17 and proinflammatory cytokines, were significantly higher in the long-term HDM-exposed group than in the normal control group. The development of airway remodeling by chronic exposure to HDM was observed by measuring diverse factors, including collagens and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. These significant results were more clearly shown in the group exposed to HDM for 8 weeks than 10 weeks. Conclusion: A murine model of chronic exposure to domestic HDM in Korea was successfully established. We suggest that our model may be helpful in the research into asthma with airway remodeling. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2022;10:22-32)

지난 20여 년간 서울지역 초등학생 식품알레르기 유병률의 변화와 위험 인자 분석

김영호 ( Yeong-ho Kim ),이소연 ( So-yeon Lee ),이은 ( Eun Lee ),조현주 ( Hyun-ju Cho ),김효빈 ( Hyo-bin Kim ),권지원 ( Ji-won Kwon ),양송이 ( Song-i Yang ),김은진 ( Eun-jin Kim ),이점규 ( Jeom-kyu Lee ),홍수종 ( Soo-jong Hong ) 대한천식알레르기학회(구 대한알레르기학회) 2016 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.4 No.4

Purpose: There are many reports that the prevalence of food allergy (FA) is globally increasing. We investigated the change in FA prevalence since the last 20 years in elementary school children, in Seoul, Korea.Methods: A modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire survey was done to elementary school children in Seoul, Korea in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2008, and 2012. The numbers of subjects included in the analysis were 7,963, 7,971, 7,131, 3,975, and 3,307, respectively. Blood and skin prick tests were done in 2008 and 2012.Results: The prevalence rates of FA diagnosis ever were 4.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1-5.1), 5.2% (95% CI, 4.7-5.7), 6.4% (95% CI, 5.9-7.0), 5.5% (95% CI, 4.8-6.3), and 6.6% (95% CI, 5.8-7.6) in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2008, and 2012, respectively (P-value for trend <0.001). Asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.209; 95% CI, 1.589-3.072), allergic rhinitis (aOR, 1.874; 95% CI, 1.473-2.384), and atopic dermatitis (aOR, 4.288; 95% CI, 3.340-5.506) were associated with FA diagnosis. Parental allergic disease history (aOR, 2.191; 95% CI, 1.666-2.881), antibiotics use in infancy (aOR, 1.484; 95% CI, 1.170-1.883), and house mold exposure in infancy (aOR, 1.540; 95% CI, 1.172-2.024) were risk factors for FA diagnosis. Sensitization to inhalant allergens (aOR, 1.867; 95% CI, 1.091-3.194) and increased serum total IgE (aOR, 2.014; 95% CI, 1.081-3.752) were associated with FA diagnosis.Conclusion: The prevalence of FA diagnosis is likely to be increasing since the last 20 years in Seoul. Antibiotics use in infancy and house mold exposure in infancy were risk factors for FA diagnosis. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2016:4:276-283)

국내 분리 다제내성 장티프스균의 Plasmid 및 β-lactamase의 특성에 관한 연구

유정식(Jung-sik Yoo),신영학(Young-hack Shin),오경수(Kyung-soo Oh),이점규(Jeom-kyu Lee),김기상(Ki-sang Kim) 大韓微生物學會 1999 大韓微生物學會誌 Vol.34 No.5

1·2차 의료기관 임상 검체에서 분리된 Acinetobacter spp.의 항균제 내성과 Metallo-β-Lactamase 생성주 검출

이점규,유용선,이영선,유재일,김봉수 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.5

목적 : 지역사회 내 1·2차 의료기관의 임상 검체에서 분리된 Acinetobacter spp.의 항균제 내성 실태를 파악하고 imipenem 비감수성 균주의 표현형 및 유전형 특성을 조사하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 임상 검체에서 분리된 Acinetobacter spp.의 균종 동정은 제한효소 Tsp5091를 이용한 reCA-RFLP법을 이용하였고, 항균제 감수성은 NCCLS 지침에 따라 원산확산법과 희석법으로 결정하였다. Imipenem 비감수성 Acinetobacter spp.를 대상으로 Hodge 변형법과 EDTA-double disk synergy 법을 실시하여 metallo-β-lactamase 생성 여부를 감별한 후 PCR과 염기서열분석으로 bla_(VIM-2)와 bla_(IMP-1) 유전자 존재와 integron의 유전자서열 구조를 확인하였다. 결과 : 2002년과 2003년 사이 1·2차 의료기관의 임상검체에서 분리된 Acinetobacter spp. 71주 중 A baumannii가 60주였고, Acinetobacter genomic species 3, 13TU와 A lowffii 가 각각 2, 4, 5주씩 분리되었다. 임상분리 Acinetobacter spp.는 imipenem과 meropenem를 제외한 β-1actam계, aminoglycoside계 와 fluoroquinolone계 항균제에 높은 내성을 나타내었다. Imipenem MIC가 8 mg/L 인 Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU 1주는 bla_(VIM-2) 유전자 뒤에 aacA7와 aadAl 유전자가 배열한 3kb 크기의 class 1 integron을 보유하고 있었다. 결론 : Imipenem과 meropenem은 1·2차 의료기관의 임상 분리 Acinetobacter spp.에 대해 가장 큰 활성을 가지고 있었고, 국내 처음으로 확인된 VIM-2 생성 Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU 1주는 bla_(VIM-2) 유전자를 포함하는 class 1 integron을 보유하고 있었다. Background : The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp. collected from non-tertiary hospitals and to characterize the phenotype and the genotype of imipenem-non-susceptible isolates. Materials and Methods : Clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp. were identified using recA-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with Tsp5091. Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined using disk diffusion test and agar dilution test according to the criteria of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. PCR and sequence analyses were used to detect the bla_(IMP-1) and bla(VIM-2) genes, and to determine the content and order of the resistance genes inserted in integron. Results : Of 71 Acinetobacter spp. isolates collected from non-tertiary hospitals during 2002 and 2003, 60 isolates were A. baumannii, and 2, 4, and 5 isolates were Acinetobacter genomic species 3, 13TU, and A. lwoffii, respectively. The resistance rate of Acinetobacter spp. isolates to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones was high except for imipenem and meropenem. The presence of bla_(VIM-2) gene was found in one isolate, Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU, for which the MIC of imipenem was 8 mg/L; the bla(VIM-2) gene of this strain was located on 3 kb class 1 integron with aacA7 and aadA1 genes. Conclusions : Among the tested agents, imipenem and meropenem retained greatest activity against Acinetobacter spp. isolates collected from non-tertiary hospitals. This is the first report of VIM-2-producing Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU strains with class 1 integron containing bla_(VIM-2) gene.

1998년 세균학적으로 확인된 Vibrio vulnificus 감염증

신영학,이점규,오경수,유정식,이상원,이근영,정동준,김기상 대한감염학회 1999 감염 Vol.31 No.3

A study on distribution and susceptibility to antifungal agents of Candida species isolated from hospitals and community health centers

김영권 ; 김태운 ; 유재일 ; 최치원 ; 이점규 ; 김봉수 김천대학교 2004 김천대학교 논문집 Vol.25 No.-

목적 : C. albicans 뿐만 아니라 non-albicans Candida의 감염 증가와 항진균제 내성 칸디다 종 출현이 세계적으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 1,2차 의료기관, 종합병원과 보건소에서 분리된 Candida 분리주를 대상으로 분리균의 분포를 조사하고 voriconazole을 포함한 4가지 항진균제에 대한 Candida spp.,의 감수성 분포를 조사하였다. he incidence of Candida albicans infections with non-albicans Candida and antifungal resistant Candida species have been increased worldwide. This study was carried out to determine Candida species dis-tribution and susceptibility to four antifungal agents including voricona zole against Candida isolates collected from hospitals and community health centers. Candida species identification was performed using the Vitek instru-ment or Candida CHROM agar medium. The MICs of antifungal agents for Candida species were determined by the NCCLS broth microdilution method and confirmed with E test method. In non-tertiary hospitals and community health centers, C. albicans was still the most common isolates, but incidence rate of non-albicans Candida isolated from blood specmens in tertiary hospitals was more than that of C. albicans. The fluconazole resistant Candida species were rare but the resistance to amphotericin B and 5 flucytosine was detected in C. albicans of all the institution. Most of Candida species showed low MICS (50%. MIC 0.03 ug/ml) to voriconazole compared to fluconazole.

칸디다의 항진균제 감수성 시험과 sterol 정량 분석법에 의한 fluconazole 최소억제 농도 비교

유재일,이영선,이하림,신은심,이점규,김봉수 대한화학요법학회 2002 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Background : For yeast antifungal susceptibility testing, the broth microdilution method approved by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard (NCCLS) is available. But some isolates do not give a clear-cut end point and exhibit a "trailing" growth effect, making interpretation of test results difficult. Recently, to overcome this ambiguity, the method of ergosterol content quantitation was developed. Method : We investigated the susceptibility range of antifungal agents (fluconazole, 5-flucytosine, amphotericin B) for 228 clinical Candida isolates (62% C. albicans) with the NCCLS M27-A method. And isolates that exhibited trailing growth for fluconazole were retested with sterol quantitation method (SQM). Result : Among the 228 Candida isolates, 7 (5%) isolates showed trailing growth. The 5 C. albicans and 2 C. tropicalis isolates with trailing growth effects against fluconazole in the broth microdilution were redetermined to susceptible by SQM and the result was consistant with E-test. Conclusion : With the comparison of broth microdilution method, E-test and SQM, it was confirmed that SQM is useful for MIC determination of "trailing" growth Candida isolates.

Salmonella typhi Salmonella typhimurium 및 Salmonella enteritidis의 항균제 감수성(1997)

신영학,유정식,김기상,정동준,오경수,이점규,이상원,이근영,박미선,이복권,김호훈 대한화학요법학회 1998 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.16 No.3

목적 : 국내에서 토착화 발생하여 공중보건학상 중요관리 대상 병원체인 장티푸스균과 최근 범세계적 유행추세를 보이고 있으며 우리나라에서도 급속히 증가추세를 보이고 있는 세균성 식중독의 원인균인 S. Enteritidis 및 S. Typhimurium을 대상으로 시험관내 항균제 감수성시험을 실시하여 항균제 내성양상을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법 : 1997년 1월부터 12월사이 전국 16개 시도 보건 환경 연구원 및 일부 종합병원으로부터 수집 동정한 장티푸스균 79주, S. Enteritidis 114주 및 S. Typhimurium 83주를 대상으로 미량 액체 희석 법으로 최소 발육 억제농도를 측정하고, break Point를 적용 내성양상을 분석하였다. 사용한 항균제는 β-lactam계 항균제로 ampicillin, amoxacillin, carbenicillin, cefoxitin, cephalothin, ceftriaxone, timentin(ticarcillin/clavulanic acid)을, aminoglycoside계로 streptomycin, amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin을, quinolone계로 ciprofloxacin을 기타 tetracycline, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, trim e th oprim/sulfamethoxazole등 총 17종 이었다. 결과 : 17종의 항균제중 1 종 이상의 항균제에 내성을 지니고 있는 균주가 장티푸스균 79주 중 15주 (19.0%), S. Enteritidis 114주중 14주(12.3%) 그리고 S. Typhimurium 83주 중 67주(80.7%) 였다. 시험에 공시된 살모넬라균종에 대해 전체적으로 tetracycline 및 페니린계의 항생제에 대한 내성균 검출빈도가 높았다. 다만 장티프스균의 경우 chloramphenicol 내성균주가 12주(15.2%) 검출되었으며, S. Typhimurium은 Streptomycin 내성 균주가 37주 (44.5%) 검출되어 높은 내성율을 보였다. 3균종 모두에서 ceftriaxone 및 ciprofloxacine 에 내성을 보이지 않았다. 다제내성 양성을 보면 장티프스균은 한가지 이상의 균제에 대해 내성을 나타낼 15주 중 10균주가 tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, 및 trimethoprim등 4종 이상의 항균제에 대해 내성을 갖는 다제 내성 균주로 전체 내성균의 66.7%를 차치하였고 특히 9종의 항균제에 내성을 갖는 균이 3주, 8종의 항균제에 내성을 갖는 균이 5주나 검출되었다. S. Enteritidis균의 다계 내성 양상은 gentamycin을 비롯한 8종의 항균제에 내성을 지닌 균주가 1주 있었으며 4종이상의 항균제에 내성을 갖는 다제내성균이 6주로 내성균의 42.8%를 차지하였다. 주로 tetracycline과 페니실린계 항생제에 동시에 내성을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. S. Typhimurium의 다제내성양상은 tetracycline 및 streptomycin 등 2종의 항생제에 내성을 가진 형이 25주로 가장 많았으며, tetracycline 과 페니실린계 항생제에 동시에 내성을 나타내는 경우도 많았다. 또한 4종 이상의 항균제에 내성을 갖는 다제 내성균이 29주로 내성균의 43.3%를 차지했으며, S. Typhimurium DT104 주와 유사한 항균제 내성 양상을 나타내는 균주도 확인되었다. 결론 : 국내에서 분리된 장티푸스균, S. Enteritidis 및 S. Typhimurium 감수성 시험 결과 항균제 내성이 현재까지 일반적인 항균제에 국한되어 있으나 S. Typhimurium DT104주와 유사한 항균제 내성 양상을 보이는 균주가 확인되었고 과거에는 분리 보고가 흔하지 않았던 4종이상의 항균제에 내성을 지닌 장티푸스균이 다수 검출되었으므로 항균치료제 선택에 신중을 기함은 물론 내성균주 감시를 체계적이고 지속적으로 실시하여야 할 것으로 사료된다. Background : Salmonella Typhi, an endemic in Korea, S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, major organisms of bacterial food poisoning, which have been responsible for numerous outbreak in the m7orld including Korea currently are important organisms to be in control. At this point, to understand current antimicrobial resistance of the three Salmonella serovars in Korea, we conducted in vitro susceptibility studies to 17 antimicrobial agents. Methods : We tested antimicrobial susceptibility by a microbroth dilution method. The target organisms are 79 isolates of S. Typhi, 114 isolates of S. Enteritidis, and 83 isolates of S. Typhimurium collected on January through December 1997 in Korea. Results : The resistance rates to one or more antimicrobial agents are 19.0%(15/79 isolates) for S. Typhi, 12.3% (14/114 isolates) for S. Enteritidis, and 80.7% (67/83 isolates) for S. Typhimurium. Grossly, the organisms' resistance rates to tetracycline and penicillins are higher than that of other agents with two exceptions : 15.2% to chloramphenicol (12/79 isolates) for S. Typhi and 44.6% to streptomycin (37/83 isolates) for S. Typhimurium. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains to four or more antimicrobial agents among the resistant organisms are quite high: 66.7% (10/15 isolates), 42.8% (6/14 isolates), and 43.3% (29/67 isolate) for S. Typhi, S. Enteritidis, and S. Typhimurim, respectively. Conclusion : From this investigatron, we found that the MDR strains of S. Typhi, S. Enteritidis, and S. Typhimurim have increased than previous studies. It implies that limitation of unnecessary use of drugs is very important. in order to maintain the efficacy of drugs.