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쟁점논단 : 在日コリアン社会の中の祭祀(チェサ)の変容 -在日コリアン女性の聞き取りから-
이유숙 한일민족문제학회 2012 한일민족문제연구 Vol.22 No.-
Korean residents in Japan are ethnic minority which was inherently formed with regard to the Japanese colonialism. As Koreans who came to mainland Japan have lived a life under the discrimination and prejudice, they needed to preserve their own language, culture and customs in order to maintain their identity as Koreans. Therefore, they have built ‘national schools’ to keep their language and held a memorial service for their ancestors, which is called ‘Chesa’ even if they were living far from their homeland. For them, Chesa played a significant role of uniting families and relatives and keeping their identity. Especially the first generation of immigrants strictly kept the traditional way of Chesa which even changed greatly in the home country and the second generation also kept and cherished the spirit of Chesa. However, since a few years ago, the second and third generations began to think not to leave Chesa to their descendants. Facing this change, I listen to those who have actually held Chesa in Japan and asked why they thought so through their oral testimony. It is mainly Korean men who hold Chesa and observe the celebration for ancestors, so they are the central figures of keeping Chesa. But it is difficult to held Chesa without cooperating with women. Nowadays, not a time of the Confucian patriarchy, how Korean women think of Chesa in a rapidly changing Korean society in Japan is directly related with how Chesa is going to transform. In this paper, using life history method, I investigated what Korean women’s identity is like and what kind of Confucian views they have about the world and life/death. 재일 코리언은 일본의 식민지 정책과 관련되어 태어난 에스닉 마이너리티이다. 식민지 종주국 일본에 건너온 재일 코리언이 차별과 편견 아래에서 생활하면서 자신의 아이덴티티를 유지하기 위해서는 말, 문화, 습관을 지킬 필요가 있었다. 그리하여 재일 코리언은 말을 지키기 위해 일본에 민족학교를 세웠고, 고국을 떠나 있어도 선조를 존경하여 제사를 지내 왔다. 재일 코리언 사회에서의 제사는 코리언으로서의 아이덴티티 유지 및 친족 간의 결속에 큰 역할을 다해 왔다. 특히, 재일 코리안 1세들은 모국에서조차 크게 변용된 전통적 제사 방식을 완고하게 고수하여 옛 방식대로 제사를 거행해 왔으며, 2세는 그 같은 1세들의 마음을 소중하게 계승해 왔다. 그러나, 최근 몇 년 전부터 2세를 비롯한 3세들은 다음 세대에 제사를 넘기지 말자고 생각하기 시작했다. 이러한 변화에 대해 실제로 제사를 지내 온 재일 코리언들로부터 왜 그렇게 생각하기 시작했는지 구술 증언을 통해 그들의 이야기를 들었다. 제사를 지내고, 조상에게 예를 올리는 것은 남성이 중심이며, 또한 제사를 계승해 가는 것도 남성이다. 그러나, 실제로는 여성의 협력 없이 제사를 거행하는 것은 어렵다. 유교적인 가부장 시대가 아닌 오늘날, 급격하게 변모하는 재일 코리언 사회 안에서 여성들이 제사를 어떻게 생각하고 있는가 하는 문제는 제사가 어떻게 변용되어 가는가 하는 문제와 직결된다. 이 논문에서는 라이프 히스토리를 통해 그녀들이 가지고 있었던 아이덴티티나 유교적인 세계관, 사생관은 어떤 것이었던 것인가? 그것이 어떻게 변해 가고 있는가를 고찰했다.
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이유숙 동서대학교 일본연구센터 2012 次世代 人文社會硏究 Vol.8 No.-
The new comers came to Japan when going to Japan was not accepted in Korea. They got divorced and determined to go to Japan and they crossed the sea. What brought them to Japan? In fact Japan was near Korea and easy to go. And Japan was also thought to be successful economically. This research is viewed from the two points. One is how the Korean Society influenced them and the other is what their [s1]spiritual bases were built on. The way to research is interviewing three Korean women who divorced in Korea in the 1980s and migrated to Japan. Their reasons why they got divorced and came to Japan were different. And also their jobs and the conditions in Japan were totally different. But the ground they made decisions on was common. It was Confucianism. They lived under the pressure of the Korean society strongly influenced by Confucianism. And they had been bound by themselves under the thoughts of Confucianism. Their lives were difficult here in Japan in the 1980s, when the word ‘global’ just began to be used and Japanese people didn’t try to accept them kindly. But they worked very hard and achieved their aims in life. [s2] They tried to bethe image ‘good mother’ under Confucianism. On the other hand they had a strong will against Confucianism. And so it can be said that they were able to work hard and succeeded to open up their own lives. Confucianism was also the base for them to live their own lives.
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이유숙,박현진,류혜숙,전미선,강승희,김현숙 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.1
The immunomodulative effects of elm bark extract were studied in vitroby the proliferation of splenocytesand the production capacity of three kinds of cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1., IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-.] bymouse peritoneal macrophages cultured with various fractions (methanol, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and wa-ter) of elm bark extract. Splenocyte proliferation and cell viability of peritoneal macrophages were increased with concentra-.g/mL. Significantly higher levels of the produc-tion of all three cytokines were detected with supplementation of methanol extract compared with other fractions. In order toelucidate its effect in vivo, elm bark water extract was orally administrated every other day for 2 weeks. Proliferation of spleno-cytes and the production capacity of cytokines (IL-1., IL-6, and TNF-.) by mouse peritoneal macrophages were used as in-dices for immune activity. Splenocyte proliferation induced by elm bark with lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A stimula-tion was enhanced at 500 mg/kg of body weight concentrations compared to that of the control group. In the case of cytokines,the highest production of IL-6 and TNF-. was detected at 500 mg/kg of body weight concentrations. In conclusion, this studysuggests through in vitroand in vivo experiments that Ulmus davidianavar. japonica (elm bark) extracts may enhance theimmunocompetent properties such as splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production capacity by activated macrophages andhave a protective effect in mice.
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이유숙 한중인문학회 2015 한중인문학연구 Vol.47 No.-
Under the goal of making educational plans to utilize texts from multicultural novels in Korean literature education as a foreign language, this study proposed a set of teaching and learning plans for Chinese students in an advanced level by making use of Chinese Lessons based on multicultural novels. The investigator first reviewed concerned previous studies and examined the values of multicultural novels in Korean literature education, thus identifying the utility of Chinese Lessons in Korean literature education and proposing practical teaching and learning plans that utilized it. When utilized as a part of literature education in Korean education, multicultural novels, which reflect the modern society in recent years, not only promote the understanding of Korean culture, but also narrow a sense of distance from the learners. They can consequently motivate the learners more easily. In addition, they can help with the empathic understanding of learners thanks to easy identification with characters and assist them in the formation of the right world views by having positive influences on changes to their thinking and behavior. Furthermore, they will make a contribution to a voluntary reading habit by keeping their interest in Korean literature. Chinese Lessons especially holds greater educational utility by describing the characters at relatively equal layers unlike the old multicultural novels, in which the characters are depicted as minorities, the weak, and the helpless, and showing their positive aspect of enduring in silence without driving the miserable reality to the extreme. 이 글은 외국어로서의 한국문학교육에서 다문화소설 텍스트를 활용한 교육 방안을 마련하는 데 목적을 두고 고급 수준의 중국인 학생들을 대상으로 다문화소설 <중국어 수업>을 활용한 교수-학습 방안을 제시하였다. 먼저 한국문학교육에서 다문화소설의 가치를 살펴 <중국어 수업>의 한국문학교육에서의효용성을 살펴보고, 다음으로 이를 활용한 실제적인 교수-학습 방안을 제시하였다. 다문화소설은 한국어교육에서 문학교육으로 활용될 때, 최근의 현대 사회를 반영하고 있어한국문화 이해에 도움이 될 뿐만 아니라 학습자와의 거리감을 좁혀 보다 쉽게 학습자의 동기유발이 가능하다. 또한 인물에 대한 동일시가 쉬워 학습자의 공감적 이해를 돕고 사고와 행동의 변화에 긍정적 영향을 미쳐 바람직한 세계관을 갖게 할 수 있다. 더 나아가 한국문학에대한 지속적 관심으로 남아 자발적 독서 습관 형성에 기여할 것이다. 특히 <중국어 수업>은이전의 다문화소설에서 소수자이며 약자로서 무력한 존재로 그려졌던 인물들의 모습과 달리층위가 비교적 상호 대등하게 그려지며 비참한 현실을 극단으로 치닫게 하지 않고 묵묵히 견뎌내는 긍정적 모습을 보여준다는 점에서 교육적 효용성이 높다.
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