아버지의 양육참여가 어머니의 양육스트레스에 미치는 영향 : 어머니 양육효능감의 매개효과

이미영 서울시립대학교 2019 국내석사

이미영 현대사회의 핵가족화는 부부의 양육부담을 증가 시키고, 특히 어머니의 양육스트레스를 높여 출산기피에도 영향을 미치고 있다. 이러한 상황 속에 공동양육자인 아버지의 역할은 중요하며, 아버지의 양육참여는 자녀뿐만 아니라 어머니에게도 정신적·육체적 지지가 되어 양육스트레스를 줄여 주는 역할을 한다. 이러한 문제의식 하에 본 연구는 아버지의 양육참여가 어머니의 양육효능감을 매개로 양육스트레스에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 다음의 연구문제를 설정하였다. 연구문제 1. 아버지의 양육참여는 영유아 자녀를 둔 어머니의 양육스트레스에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 연구문제 2. 아버지의 양육참여는 어머니의 양육효능감에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 연구문제 3. 아버지의 양육참여와 어머니의 양육스트레스의 관계에서 어머니의 양육효능감의 매개효과는 어떠한가? 이러한 연구문제를 분석하기 위하여 경기도 남양주시 소재의 어린이집 3곳을 무작위로 선정하여 재원 중인 만 1세~5세 자녀를 둔 어머니 211명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 자료 분석은 PASW 18.0(SPSS 18.0) 프로그램을 사용하여 기술통계 분석, 상관관계 분석, 신뢰도 및 다중회귀 분석을 실시하였다. 주요 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 아버지의 양육참여는 어머니의 양육스트레스에 직접적으로 유의미한 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 아버지의 양육참여가 높을수록 어머니의 양육스트레스가 줄어드는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 아버지의 양육참여는 어머니의 양육효능감에 유의미한 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 아버지의 양육참여가 높을수록 어머니의 양육효능감이 함께 증가하는 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 아버지의 양육참여가 어머니의 양육스트레스에 미치는 관계에서 어머니의 양육효능감은 부분 매개효과가 검증 되었다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합하면 아버지의 양육참여는 어머니의 양육스트레스에 부적인 영향을 미치며, 아버지의 양육참여는 어머니의 양육효능감에 정적인 영향을 미친다. 또한 어머니의 양육효능감은 양육스트레스와의 관계에서 매개효과를 나타냈다. 이를 통해, 일과 가정의 양립을 위한 사회 제도 속에서 부부가 함께 하는 공동양육을 활성화 시키고, 아버지의 양육참여를 통한 어머니의 양육스트레스를 줄여감으로써 가정의 긍정적인 양육 환경을 조성해야 한다는 시사점을 얻을 수 있다. 본 연구는 아버지의 양육참여의 유의미성을 파악하고, 이를 활성화하기 위한 사회적 제도가 뒷받침되어야 하는 근거를 제시하였다. 주제어 : 양육참여, 양육효능감, 양육스트레스 Abstract The Effect of Paternal Involvement in Childcare on the Maternal Parenting Stress : Mediation Effect of Mothers’ Parenting Efficacy University of SeoulDepartment of Social WelfareLee, Mi Young The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of father's participation in early child-rearing on maternal parenting stress and the mediation effect of mother’s parenting efficacy on the stress. The increasing number of nuclear family caused by industrialization has caused diminished social support for child rearing, and women's participation in the workforce aggravates the care-giving burden of women. Therefore, in order to reduce the burden of raising children, father’s involvement is needed. In this study, father's participation in raising children is an independent variable, and we examined the mediating effect of mother’s parenting efficacy on the maternal parenting stress. In this study, the following research questions are investigated: 1. How does father's participation in childcare influence mother's parenting stress of infant children?2. How does the child rearing efficacy of a mother with an infant child influence her parenting stress? 3. How does father's involvement in childcare influence the mother's sense of childcare? To investigate these research questions, three daycare centers in Namyangju City, Gyeonggi-Do, were selected for survey. A questionnaire was distributed to mothers with 5-year old children, and 211 retrieved questionnaires were used for the final analyses. Using the PASW 18.0 (SPSS 18.0) program, statistical analyses such as frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed. Main results of the analyses are as follows: First, it has been shown that the father's parenting participation directly influences the mother's upbringing stress. In other words, the higher the father's participation in raising children, the less the mother's child-rearing stress. Second, a partial mediating effect of the mother's child care efficacy has been verified in the relationship between the father's child care participation and the mother's child care stress.  In summary, father's participation in child rearing has a positive effect on reducing mother's child-rearing stress, and the mother’s child-rearing efficacy was found out to have a mediating effect in this process. This study suggests that the government should foster a positive environment for couples balancing work and family by reducing the mother's child-rearing stress through father's participation in childcare. Key Words: Parenting Participation, Parenting Efficacy, Parenting Strrss

海鶴 李沂의 近代改革思想 硏究 : 敎育思想을 중심으로

이미영 연세대학교 1996 국내석사

국어 수업과 연계한 논술 지도 방안 연구 : 읽기?쓰기 교육을 중심으로

이미영 인하대학교 교육대학원 2010 국내석사

연구학교와 희망학교 소속 특수교사간 자유학기제 운영에 대한 인식 비교

이미영 조선대학교 교육대학원 2018 국내석사

The purpose of this study was to identify the perception about the Operations of a Free Semester System between Special Education Teachers in the Research Schools and the Hope Schools. Participants in the study are 91 public special education teachers in Busan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, who tried the free semester system in 2016 and 2017. In this study conducted a questionnaire consisting of satisfaction with the operation of the free semester system, awareness of their professional growth and works. The results of the study are as follows. First, the satisfaction of free semester system of special school teachers was generally high. Over the duration of the free semester system, in particular, it was shown that special education teachers’ overall satisfaction level of school life, participation of students, and relationship of school members were relatively higher than the rest of the semesters. Furthermore, such degrees of satisfaction about the free semester system showed significant differences according to various types of schools; such differences were also shown in terms of communication between teachers and parents, works in the semester, cooperation with colleague teachers, discovery of skills and aptitude of students, and general satisfaction on the system. Second, teachers in special schools were highly aware of a need to develope their professional skills related to free semester system, and to especially increase their expertise in operating some free-season activities programs. When it comes to works in the program, they considered the works to be increased; the task burden of the teachers appeared higher in the order of classroom work, student activities, administrative tasks, assessment, and student life coaching works. There was subtle differences in awareness of the need for professional growth, depending on the type of variation in the school, but the awareness of the need to increase the professionalism of the curriculum reconstruction area showed significant differences. The workload showed significant differences depending on the type of school variation, especially in administrative areas. Third, the most important factors to promote teacher's expertise were the need to secure teacher's autonomy and discretion, and the most necessary ways to reduce the work burden were to expand the career experience infrastructure. In addition, the variation of school types did not demonstrate significant difference in recognition of the factors promoting professional growth. Instead, in terms of work mitigation measures, the need of reducing the number of classes for the teachers in charge of free semester system was shown a significant share in the survey. Fourth, the higher level of general satisfaction with free semester system resulted in the higher awareness of the need for professional improvement, and the higher degree of satisfaction with school management was led to the lower recognition of the work burden. If the degree of satisfaction with school curricula and teaching activities was higher, the higher degree of the work burden of the teachers was found. Specifically, satisfaction regarding school management was lower in recognition of class-related works, assessment, and administrative works. The lower degree of overall satisfaction level was followed by the lower administrative work burden. On the other hand, if the satisfaction level of education courses and classroom teaching was higher, the awareness of the burden of work related to classes was also higher. In conclusion, based on special education teachers’ satisfaction, awareness of their professional growth and works in free semester system, the system should provide and establish some programs to develop students’ future career and talents, to ease the burden of the works, and finally to support the special education teachers’ needs for greater professionalism.

목 부위 뱀부 림프드레나지가 안면부종 및 피부상태에 미치는 영향

이미영 창신대학교 대학원 2019 국내석사

국 문 요 약 목 부위 뱀부 림프드레나지가 안면부종 및 피부상태에 미치는 영향 미용예술학과 이미영 지도교수 오윤경 연구목적: 목 부위에 뇌 림프시스템 원리를 반영한 뱀부 림프드레나지와 닥터보더식 수기 림프드레나지를 실시하여 안면부종 및 안면피부상태의 변화를 비교 분석함으로써 그 효과를 검증하여 뱀부 림프드레나지 활용에 대한 기초자료를 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법: 대구지역의 20대 여대생을 공개 모집하여 그 중 자발적으로 참여의사를 밝힌 서면 동의자 20명을 선발하여 실험하였다. 실험군은 뱀부를 사용하여 목 부위 림프드레나지를 30분간 실시하였고 대조군도 같은 방법으로 수기 림프드레나지를 하였으며 주 2회, 3주간 총 6회 실시하였다. 피부 측정은 야누스Ⅲ 피부진단기를 사용하여 사전, 3회 관리 후, 6회 관리 후 측정하였고 대상자의 주관적 평가는 설문조사를 실시하였다. 자료수집 기간은 2019년 4월 18일부터 5월 17일까지였으며, 수집한 자료를 SPSS 23.0 프로그램을 이용하여 최종 분석하였다. 연구결과: 첫째, 뱀부 림프드레나지와 수기 림프드레나지에 따른 안면 부종상태 변화를 파악한 결과 사전과 비교하여 3회 관리 후, 6회 관리 후 턱각도(F=20.346, p<.001)는 모두 유의하게 증가하였고, 턱둘레(F=54.293, p<.001), 목둘레(F=12.064, p<.01)는 유의하게 감소하였다. 둘째, 뱀부 림프드레나지와 수기 림프드레나지에 따른 안면피부상태 변화를 파악한 결과 안면주름은 사전과 비교하여 3회 관리 후 현저히 낮아졌고 6회 관리 후에도 점진적으로 낮아져 시기별 유의한 차이가 나타났으며 표피층색소, 피부톤도 사전과 비교하여 3회 관리 후, 6회 관리 후 모두 유의하게 감소하였다. 셋째, 뱀부 림프드레나지와 수기 림프드레나지의 관리 전·후의 변화에서 두 집단 모두 안면부종 및 안면피부상태가 측정시기에 따라 유의하게 개선되었으나 집단 간의 차이는 통계적으로 유의하게 나타나지 않았다. 넷째, 관리 후 대상자들의 주관적 만족도가 조사 결과 관리 부위의 편해짐, 붓기 및 안색 개선, 전반적인 만족도 항목에 대해 평균점수가 매우 높게 나타났으며, 뱀부 관리를 경험해보지 않은 대상자들은 재 관리 의향과 타인 권유 의향이 모두 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 목 부위 뱀부 림프드레나지는 안면부종 항목인 턱각도는 증가하고 턱둘레, 목둘레가 모두 감소하는 효과가 있었으며, 안면피부상태 항목인 주름, 표피층색소, 피부톤에도 개선 효과가 있었다. 따라서 안면 부위의 비압박식 뱀부 림프드레나지가 성형수술 후 감염과 수술 부위의 직접적인 접촉에 대한 부담을 덜고 부종관리와 피부상태 개선에 효과를 얻을 수 있다는 근거를 제시하였다. 그리고 림프드레나지 효과에 있어 뱀부관리와 수기관리에 통계적으로는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으므로 피부미용 산업 현장에서 관리사의 경력 및 기술 정도에 따른 차이와 장시간 관리에 의한 관리사의 육체적 피로를 줄일 수 있는 방안으로 뱀부 림프드레나지를 제안해 볼 수 있다. 주요어: 뱀부, 림프드레나지, 목 부위 관리, 안면 부종, 피부상태, 뇌 림프시스템 Abstract The Effects of Bamboo Neck Lymph Drainage on Facial Edema and Skin Condition Lee Mi Young Dept. of Cosmetology The Graduate School of Changshin University Purpose: The purposes of this study were to have the bamboo lymph drainage, reflected with the principles of a brain lymph system, and the doctor border-type hand lymph drainage on the neck area and to compare the effects of each on facial edema and skin condition, in turn providing the basic data to be used for the utilization of the bamboo lymph drainage. Method: Female undergraduate students in the 20s were recruited in Daegu and 20 were selected among those gave a consent to participate in the study. The experiment group received the lymph drainage, using bamboo, on the neck area for 30 minutes while the control group received the hand lymph drainage in the same manner, twice a week for three weeks. The measurement of skin condition was made with the Janus III Skin Measurement Device prior to the lymph drainage, and after the 3rd and the 6th lymph drainage. Subjective evaluation of the subjects was made with a questionnaire. The data were collected from April 18, 2019 to May 17, 2019 and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 Program. Result: First, from the comparison between the bamboo lymph drainage and the hand lymph drainage in a change of facial edema, it was shown that the jaw angle((F=20.346, p<.001) was significantly changed after the 3rd and the 6th lymph drainage while the jaw circumference(F=54.293, p<.001) and neck circumference(F=12.064, p<.01) were also significantly reduced during the same period. Second, from the comparison between the bamboo lymph drainage and the hand lymph drainage in a change of skin condition, it was shown that the facial wrinkle was significantly reduced after the 3rd and gradually reduced even after the 6th lymph drainage while the level of pigment in the outer layer of skin and skin on were significantly reduced after the 3rd and 6th lymph drainage. Third, in both control and experiment groups, the facial edema and facial skin condition were significantly improved after the lymph drainage, but there was no significant different between these two groups. Fourth, from the analysis of the questionnaire, it was shown that the subjects scored high for the following items: a feeling of comfort after the procedure; enhancement regarding facial edema and skin tone; and overall satisfaction: They were also shown to have intentions to receive additional procedure and recommend it to others. Conclusion: From this study, it was revealed that the bamboo drainage on the neck area reduced the neck circumference, and jaw angle and circumference, the items of facial edema, as well as the wrinkle, pigment, and skin tone, the items of facial skin condition. Therefore, such results could support the use of this non-compressive bamboo lymph drainage after a plastic surgery since it effectively manages the facial edema without a direct management of the facial area, in turn reducing a possible risk of infection. In addition, since there was no significant difference between the bamboo lymph drainage and the hand lymph drainage, the bamboo lymph drainage could be a solution to reduce the physical fatigue of a therapist while effectively managing the variance among therapists, depending on individual’s skill and experience. Key words: Bamboo, Lymphatic Drainage, Skin condition, Neck care, Facial edema, Brain lymphatic system

수간호사의 변혁적 리더십이 일반간호사의 심리적 안녕감, 스트레스 및 신체화에 미치는 영향 : 긍정심리자본의 매개효과를 중심으로

이미영 조선대학교 2011 국내박사

E. Gordon의 음악학습이론을 적용한 교수-학습 지도안 연구 : 초등학교 4학년을 대상으로

이미영 목포대학교 교육대학원 2011 국내석사

음악은 소리를 매체로 전달하고 표현하는 청각 예술로 음악과의 모든 활동은 청각적 경험을 통해 학생들이 음악을 이해하고 음악의 심미성을 경험하도록 해야 한다. 그러나 대다수의 교육 현장에서 이루어지는 음악교육은 소리에 대한 탐색의 과정 없이 단순한 제재곡 부르기가 목표인 가창 수업, 주입식의 이론 교육, 기능위주의 악기연주가 주를 이루고 있다. 이에 청각중심의 체계적인 음악교육 방법을 제시한 고든의 음악학습이론을 문헌 연구를 통해 고찰하고 초등학교 4학년을 중심으로 교수­학습 지도안을 제시하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 학생들이 청각적 경험을 통해 음악의 기초 능력을 획득하고 음악적 사고력 신장에 도움을 주는데 있다. 고든의 음악학습이론을 적용한 교수­학습 지도안 연구 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째. 음감과 리듬감 발달에 긍정적인 영향을 준다. 둘째. 각 조성의 중요한 역할을 하는 음들에 주목하게 하는 활동을 통해 학생들은 조성을 이해하는 능력, 조성감 신장에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 셋째, 교사는 고든의 음악학습이론을 통해 단계적이고 체계적인 교수­학습 방향을 설정할 수 있다. 넷째, 개별패턴을 통한 패턴학습은 학생 개개인의 음악적 소질을 신장시키는 데 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 다섯째. 청각적 접근방식을 통한 음악의 이해하도록 하는 학습 방식은 학생들에게 소리에 대한 변별력과 반응능력을 높여준다. 여섯째, 내청활동을 통해 학생들은 내면의 음악에 귀 기울이고 사고 할 수 있는 기회를 가진다. 이러한 활동의 반복을 통해 학생들은 물리적으로 소리가 나지 않아도 마음속으로 노래를 부르는 경험을 할 수 있다. 일곱째, 경험 중심의 접근 방법을 통해 학생들은 능동적으로 수업에 참여 하는 태도를 보인다. 여덟째, 학생들은 가사 없는 무음절의 노래를 듣고 가사가 아닌 음과 리듬 중심의 음악을 경험할 수 있다. 고든의 이론을 고찰하고 이를 적용한 교수­학습 지도안을 작성한 결과를 토대로 앞으로의 음악 교육 방향을 다음과 같이 제시하고자 한다. 첫째, 모든 음악 수업은 학생들이 소리를 통해 음악을 이해할 수 있도록 청각적 방식으로 접근해야 한다. 둘째, 학습자 중심의 고든의 음악교육 접근법을 통해 학교에서의 음악교육은 학생들이 능동적으로 음악에 귀 기울이고 사고 할 수 있는 기회를 제공하여야 한다. 셋째, 학교에서의 음악교육은 학생들에게 다양하고 폭넓은 음악적 환경을 지속적으로 제공해야 한다. Music is an auditory art which delivers the sound as the medium and expresses it. All the musical activities should instruct students to acquire aesthetic experience through diverse auditory senses. However, most of music educations in school system still emphasize teaching singing songs, music theory and playing the musical instruments simply technically, rather than allowing the students to understand and/or explore sound itself. However, E. Gordon's Music Learning Theory(hereinafter GMLT) suggests a very systematic musical education method, mainly focusing on the auditory. Based on GMLT, this study suggests an effective musical education curriculum for the 4th grade of elementary school students. The purpose of this study is to suggest the ways of growing musical thoughts through experiencing the auditory senses. Consequently, this study suggests follows. First, it is found that GMLT provided the positive enhancement of the development in a sense of rhythm and pitch. Second, the activity, focused on understanding tones which plays an important role for each tonality, has a positive influence on the students to improve tonal understanding and enhancement of the tonal sense. Third, a teacher was shown to be capable of designing the systematic and well-staged teaching curriculum, based on Gordon's Music Learning Theory. Fourth, the pattern practice was shown to give a positive influence on each student in developing his or her musical aptitudes by learning through the individual pattern practice. Fifth, the learning instruction which makes the students understand the music through the auditory approach, is a useful way to improve the ability to distinguish and react towards the sound. Sixth, through the inner hearing, the students are given an opportunity to concentrate on the inner music and to think about the music itself. By repeating this activity, the students are supposed to experience singing inside of their mind without sound in a physical term. Seventh, through the experience-focused approach, the students attitudes were changed to be more active in the music class. Eighth, the students can experience the music which is highly concentrated on tonal and rhythm, not the words, by listening to songs without words. Based on the results of the study, mentioned above, music education could be directed as suggested below. Firstly, all the music classes should adopt an auditory approach to make students understand the music through the sound. Secondly, Gordon's 'leaner-centered' musical education should be utilized as the teaching method for the schools. it will provide the opportunity students with active engagement in listening to the music and thinking it actively. Thirdly, the music education at school should provide extensive and diversified musical environment continuously to the students.

일상적 사물의 채집을 통한 유희적 변성에 관한 연구 : 본인작품을 중심으로

이미영 창원대학교 2010 국내석사

본 논문은 2004년부터 2008년에 제작된 본인의 작품을 대상으로 분석한 본인의 석사학위 청구논문으로 세 번의 개인전을 중심으로 연구 분석하여 서술한 것이다. 본인은 많은 예술가들에게 보편화되어져 있는 ‘일상’이라고 하는 주제 속에서 작업을 진행해 왔다. 우리가 느끼는 일상은 반복되는 하루일과와 매일 지나치는 거리, 늘 만나는 사람들 그리고 그 안에서의 습관적인 행동을 포함한 시간과 공간을 모두 포괄하고 있지만 삶의 대부분을 차지하고 있음에도 불구하고 표면에 드러난 일상이라고 하는 것은 신선한 자극을 주지 못하므로 간과해 버리기 쉬운 것이기도 하다. 따라서 예술가는 일상생활에서 사물을 단순히 물리적인 자극으로서가 아니라 의미를 가지고 바라봄으로써 보이는 측면이 아니라 보이지 않는 영역까지도 가시화 하고자 하며, 경험하는 모든 일상적인 것들 속에서 새로운 발견을 하며, 그것은 관습적이고 상식적인 의미를 넘어 우리가 인식하지 못했던 어떤 본질적인 의미로 표현되어 진다. 본인은 여성으로서, 엄마로서, 아내로서의 지금 나 자신의 본질을 찾아보고자 일상을 재인식 해가는 과정에 있으며 일상의 인식을 위하여 ‘사물(事物)’을 채집한다. 여기서 일상 사물의 채집은 행위가 아닌 ‘채집(採集)’이라는 개념을 첨가하는 것인데, 이를 통해 방치되어 있던 사물을 애장품으로 전환시켜 은유와 환유로서 흥미롭고 낯선 이미지로의 이차적 의미를 창출하고 여성의 일상에서 보여 지는 수공예적 특성을 이용하여 여성만의 특별한 감수성이 묻어나는 변성물을 만들어 내게 된다. 변성된 사물의 이중적이고 낯선 이미지는 보편적이고 당연하다고 믿어 왔던 사물의 의미를 혼란스럽게 하며 상실된 사물의 의미는 명확성과 동일성에서 벗어나 모호한 상태가 된다. 이것은 일상의 본질을 찾기 위한 문제 제시 방법인데, 질 들뢰즈에 의하면 고정된 것은 임의적인 것이며 실재적인 모든 것은 차이를 통해서 존재하고 우리는 모든 것을 긍정 할 때 본질에 도달할 수 있다고 했다. 이것은 본인이 만들어낸 변성물이 유동하는 이미지로 이중적 구조를 모두 긍정함으로서 최소한의 본질을 찾아내고자 하는 것이다. 1장에서는 일상과 사물의 관계, 그리고 미술과 관련하여 오브제에 대해 알아보고 일상, 사물, 오브제는 어떤 관계로 작용하게 되며 ‘채집’이라는 능동적 용어가 사물과 개념적으로 결합하게 되는 이유를 서술하고 있다. 그리고 2장에서는 기억과 경험의 재인식, 이미지와 상상을 통해 채집된 사물의 은유적 변형이 이루어지는 과정을 수공예적 특성으로 설명하고 있으며 3장 에서는 변형된 사물이 유희와 환유의 공간으로 전이되는 것을, 4장에서는 변성된 사물의 유동적 의미와 내적 치유로서의 사유공간의 확장 구조를 서술 하고 있다. The present paper from 2004 in master degree requisition dissertation of person oneself who analyzes the work of person oneself who is produced at 2008 in the object research to analyze three changing mind one-man exhibitions in the center and to describe. Person oneself in the many artists as ordinaries which are coming to become universality advanced a work from the subject inside which does and came. The ordinary which we feel with one day passing which is repeated the distance which goes to extremes everyday, will increase and includes the conduct which from the people whom meets and inside that is habitual a time and space all includes, as the ordinary which becomes known in the surface occupying the most of life that does, can give a spurs and the discard to overlook is an easy thing, does. Consequently the artist from daily life simply the bookshelf knows a thing with the magnetic pole which is physical, has a meaning and with sees and the side which is visible knows even until the territory where is not visible under appearing boils to do, all experiences newly from the thing et cetera inside which is ordinary discovers, it goes over meaning which is custom and commonsense and we do not recognize what kind of with meaning which is essential come to be expressed. Person oneself as the woman, as the mom, as the wife seeks the essence of my oneself now and sees and takes another look goes and a person ordinary and there to be to a process for the recognition of ordinary a thing collects. From here collection of ordinary thing to add the concept which is a collection where is not the act, this leads and is let alone the thing which with the child stolen article and secondary meaning with and converts as metaphor and metonymy already is strange interestingly creates the manual example quality which comes to seem from ordinary of the woman uses and the sensibility which only the woman is special freezes, prepares, becomes the metamorphosis object Duplication of the thing which metamorphose and the strange image believes and that and natural is universal, means the thing which comes confusion be and meaning the thing which is lost escapes from clarity and identity or becomes the dim condition. This essence of ordinary searching is a problematic presentation method for, in compliance with a quality wild the fact that is fixed all things which exist means that is optional and are led and difference they existed and us when affirming all things, they said that will be able to arrive to essence. This person oneself makes and all affirms a duplex structure with the image where the metamorphosis object flows as to seek a minimum essence, character is to do. Relates with the relationship and the fine arts of ordinary and thing from 1 chapter and of examines about sacrifice and ordinary and thing, of the sacrifice operates with what kind of relationship and `collections ' the spontaneous terminology which is made to combine with thing conceptually and describes the reason. And with new understanding and the image of memory and experience imagining leads from 2 chapters and the process where the metaphorical variation of the thing which is collected becomes accomplished with manual example quality and the fact that the thing which is changed spreads toward the space of amusement and metonymy from 3 chapters explains. Describes the expansion structure of reason space as floating meaning and inner healing of the thing which metamorphose from 4 chapters.

실과 '간단한 생활용품 만들기' 단원에서 프로젝트법이 자기주도적 학습능력에 미치는 효과

이미영 한국교원대학교 대학원 2010 국내석사

이 연구는 실과 ‘간단한 생활용품 만들기’ 단원에서 프로젝트법이 자기 주도적 학습 능력에 미치는 효과를 구명하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여 안산시 G초등학교 6학년 1개반 33명을 실험집단으로, 동학년 1개 반 33명을 비교집단으로 선정하였다. 선정된 실험 집단과 비교 집단의 아동들을 대상으로 자기 주도적 학습 능력에 대한 사전 검사를 실시하여 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없음을 확인하고 실험 집단에는 프로젝트법 수업을 실시하였고, 비교 집단에는 전통적 수업을 실시하였으며 사후 검사를 실시하여 그 효과를 검증하였다. 실험의 결과를 검증하기 위하여 SPSSWIN 12.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 t-검증을 실시하였고, 유의수준은 p<.05로 하였다. 이 연구를 실시한 결과 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 수업 방법에 따른 두 집단의 비교에서 프로젝트법을 실시한 집단과 전통적 수업을 실시한 집단 간에 자기 주도적 학습능력의 효과를 검증한 결과 프로젝트법이 자기 주도적 학습능력의 함양에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 자기 주도적 학습능력의 하위 요소에 대한 비교에서 프로젝트법을 실시한 집단과 전통적 수업을 실시한 집단 간에 학습기회에 대한 개방성, 자율성, 자아개념 함양에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 자기 주도적 학습능력의 하위 요소에 대한 비교에서 프로젝트법을 실시한 집단과 전통적 수업을 실시한 집단 간에 내재적 동기 함양에 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구 결과를 종합해보면, ‘간단한 생활용품 만들기’단원에서 프로젝트법에 의한 수업은 자기주도적 학습능력을 향상시키는데 효과적으로 밝혀졌으며 특히 학습기회에 대한 개방성, 자율성, 자아개념 요소를 향상시키는데 효과적인 학습 방법이라고 할 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to verify effects of project method instruction on student's self-directed learning in the unit of "Making goods by sewing“ from the practical arts subjects. For the purpose of the study, the following four null hypotheses were stated. In order to verify the hypothesis, the study selected the subjects of 33 students for experiment group and control group out of 2 classes from the 6th-grade students from G elementary School located in An-Shan. A non-equivalent control group design was applied for testing the hypothesis. The experimental group was taught by project method instruction, and the control group was taught by the traditional instruction. To verify the results, t-test was conducted using the SPSS 12.0 software. The significance level was " p< .05". The results of this study were as follows: First, project method instruction was effective on fostering student's self-directed ability comparing with traditional instruction. Second, the project group students have shown the more strong effectiveness than the controlled group which hasn't been applied for the project method instruction. the statistical results has shown the meaningful diffrernces, which means it has affected positively to the student's self-directed learning. Third, in the subcategories of the self-directed learning ability, the experimental group has shown the more strong effectiveness in the openess, self-regulation, self perception. But in the field of inner motivation of the study wasn't no meaningful differences.

운동 형태에 따른 프로그램적용이 여자대학생의 요통경감에 미치는 영향

이미영 공주대학교 2010 국내박사

The Effects of Exercise Pattern on Low Back Pain Decreasing in Female College Students Mi-Young, Lee Department of Physical Education Graduate School of Kong Ju National University Kong Ju, Korea (Supervised by Professor Jung-Soo, Kim) The purpose of this study is to prevent and reduce Low Back Pain(LBP) and to prevent recurrence in female undergraduates of being accompanied now by LBP, with the center on the LBP, which occurs bio-mechanically in the musculoskeletal system, and the LBP, which is caused by obesity due to the lack of exercise. To perform this study, the aim was to intensify muscular strength around the waist by applying mutually different exercise programs such as Dance-movement exercise, Gym-ball exercise, and Yoga movement. Training of reinforcing muscular strength may bring about a rise in muscular power, reduction in body components, and solution of obesity. Accordingly, it comparatively researched into which influence the mutually different-type exercises have upon reduction in a pain of the waist. Its specific objectives are as follows. 1. Through the Dance exercise movement, it closely examines the influence of a change level in belly muscle strength, abdominal muscular strength(muscular endurance), sit and reach, trunk extension, waist measurement, fat in the belly, skin-fold, visceral fat, and obesity upon reduction in LBP. 2. Through the Gym-ball exercise movement, it closely examines the influence of a change level in belly muscular strength, abdominal muscular strength(muscular endurance), sit and reach, trunk extension, waist measurement, fat in the belly, skin-fold, visceral fat, and obesity upon reduction in LBP. 3. Through the Yoga movement, it closely examines the influence of a change level in belly muscular strength, abdominal muscular strength(muscular endurance), sit and reach, trunk extension, waist measurement, fat in the belly, skin-fold, visceral fat, and obesity upon reduction in LBP. To achieve the above objectives, the following methods were carried out. 20 female undergraduates, who have chronic LBP, were performed exercise by being divided, respectively, into the group with Dance-movement exercise(5 people), the group with Gym-ball exercise(5 people), the group with Yoga exercise(5 people) and the Control group(5 people). Each exercise was carried out for 12 weeks three times a week. As the exercise time is 60 minutes, respectively, it comprised warming up for 10 minutes, main exercise for 40 minutes, and cooling-down for 10 minutes. 3 mutually different-type exercise programs were treated. The intensity of exercise was set to the mid-intensive exercise in heart rate of 50∼70%HRmax and to the range of RPE 11∼15. According to the groups of exercise(group with Dance movement exercise, group with Gym-ball exercise, group with Yoga exercise, Control group) and the period[before treatment(1st), after 6 weeks of treatment(2nd), after 12 weeks of treatment(3rd)], it analyzed basic physical fitness[belly muscle strength, abdominal muscle strength(muscular endurance), sit and reach, trunk extension], body components(fat in the belly, skin-fold, visceral fat, and obesity), and VAS. The data processing was carried out One-way ANOVA in the repeated measure, One-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation analysis, post hoc test(LSD), and paired test by using program of SPSS 14.0. The significant level was set to α=.05. Through the above process, the following results were obtained. 1. Results of basic physical fitness Belly muscle strength was indicated significant difference by period(p<.05) and among groups(p<.01). As a result of LSD, the significant level was shown(p<.05) in the group with Dance movement exercise, the group with Gym-ball exercise, and the group with Yoga exercise. Among those groups, the group with Dance movement exercise was indicated to be the highest level in the mean. As for the correlational level in the belly muscular strength, there was significant correlation(p<.05) in visceral fat(.636). It was indicated to have significant correlation, respectively, even with fat in the belly(.542) and skin-fold(.458). Abdominal muscle strength(muscular endurance) was indicated significant difference by period(p<.01). As a result of LSD, the significant level was shown(p<.05) in the group with Dance movement exercise, the group with Gym-ball exercise, and the group with Yoga exercise. Among those groups, the group with Dance movement exercise was indicated to be the highest level in the mean. Sit and reach was indicated to be significant by period(p<.05). As a result of LSD, it was indicated to be significant(p<.05) in the group with Dance movement exercise and the group with Yoga exercise. Among those groups, the group with Dance movement exercise was the highest level on the average. As for the correlational level in the sit and reach, there was significant correlation(p<.01) in trunk extension with .728. It was indicated to have significant correlation(p<.05) even in the belly muscular strength with .478. As for trunk extension, all the groups were shown significant difference by period(p<.05). As for the correlational level in the trunk extension, there was high correlation in the sit and reach(.728). The waist measurement was indicated to have moderate correlation(.526). 2. Results of body components The waist measurement was shown the significant difference by period(p<.01). As a result of LSD, the significant differencewas shown(p<.05) in the group with Dance movement exercise, the group with Gym-ball exercise, and the group with Yoga exercise. Among those groups, the group with Dance movement exercise was indicated to be the highest level in the mean. Fat in the belly hadn't no significant level, but was indicated to be the averagely high level in the group with Dance movement exercise. The correlational level of the fat in the belly was indicated to have high correlation, respectively, in the skin-fold(.983) and visceral fat(.881). Skin-fold was indicated significant difference by period(p<.05). The correlational level of skin-fold was indicated to have high correlation, respectively, in the visceral fat(.822) and body fat(.983). Visceral fat was indicated significant difference among groups(p<.05). As a result of LSD, the significant difference was shown(p<.05) in the group with Dance movement exercise, the group with Gym-ball exercise, and the group with Yoga exercise. Among those groups, the group with Dance movement exercise was indicated to be the highest level in the mean. Obese level wasn't shown the significant level. The correlational level of obesity had relatively low correlation in VAS item 12(difficulty for school life due to pain) with .464 and visceral fat with .532. 3. Results of VAS In VAS item 1, the significant level was shown by period and among groups(p<.01). As a result of LSD, there was significant difference(p<.05), respectively, in the group with Dance movement exercise, the group with Yoga exercise, and the Control group. Among those groups, the group with Dance movement exercise had the averagely high level. Also, as for correlational level, there was significantly correlational level(p<.01), respectively, in item 2(.648) and item 3(.562). There was significant correlation(p<.05), respectively, even in item 4(.475), item 5(.489), and item 11(.488). In VAS item 2, the significant level was shown by period and among groups(p<.01). There was significant difference even between period and group(p<.05). As a result of LSD, there was significant difference(p<.05), respectively, in the group with Dance movement exercise, the group with Gym-ball exercise, the group with Yoga exercise, and the Control group. Among those groups, the group with Dance movement exercise had the averagely high level. Also, as for correlational level, there was significant correlation(p<.01), respectively, in item 3(.727) and item 8(.695). There was significant correlation(p<.05), respectively, even in item 5(.535), item 6(.470), item 7(.545), item 9(.500), item 10(.553), and item 11(.482). Also, even in the score of the sit and reach, which shows flexibility, there was significant correlation(p<.05) with .459. In VAS item 3, the significant level was shown by period and between period and group(p<.01). As a result of LSD, there was significant difference(p<.05), respectively, in the group with Dance movement exercise, the group with Yoga exercise, and the Control group. Among those groups, the group with Dance movement exercise was indicated to be the highest level on the average. Also, as for correlational level, there was significant correlation(p<.01), respectively, in item 2(.727), item 4(.696), item 5(.729), item 8(.763), item 9(.757), and item 10(.605). There was significant correlation(p<.05), respectively, even in item 6(.473) and item 7(.544). In VAS item 4, the significant level was shown by period(p<.01). Also, as for correlational level, there was significant correlation(p<.01), respectively, in item 3(.696) and item 9(.600). There was significant correlation(p<.05), respectively, even in item 5(.538), item 6(.490), and item 8(.497). Also, there was significant correlation, respectively, with skin-fold with .602 at p<.01 and with body fat with .517 at p<.05. In VAS item 5, the significant level was shown between group and period and among groups(p<.01). As a result of LSD, there was significant difference(p<.05), respectively, in the group with Dance movement exercise, the group with Gym-ball exercise, the group with Yoga exercise, and the Control group. Among those groups, the group with Dance movement exercise had the averagely high level. Also, as for correlational level, the significant correlation(p<.01) was shown, respectively, in item 8(.621) and item 9(.814). In VAS item 6, the significant difference wasn't shown. As for correlational level, there was significant correlation(p<.01), respectively, in item 8(.634) and item 12(.692). The significant correlation was indicated(p<.05) in item 7 with .530. The significant correlation was indicated(p<.01) in the belly muscle strength with .606. In VAS item 7, the significant difference wasn't shown. As for correlational level, the significant correlation was indicated(p<.05), respectively, in item 8 with .489, item 10 with .581, and item 11 with .477. In VAS item 8, the significant level was shown by period(p<.01). As a result of LSD, there was significant difference(p<.05), respectively, in the group with Dance movement exercise, the group with Yoga exercise, and the Control group. Among those groups, the group with Dance movement exercise was indicated to be the averagely high level. Also, as for correlational level, the significant correlation was shown(p<.01), respectively, in item 9 with .680 and item 10 with .742. In VAS item 9, the significant level was shown by period(p<.01). The significant difference was indicated in period and group(p<.05). As a result of LSD, there was significant difference(p<.05), respectively, in the group with Dance movement exercise, the group with Yoga exercise, and the Control group. Among those groups, the group with Dance movement exercise was indicated to be the averagely high level. Also, as for correlational level, the significant correlation(p<.01) was shown in item 10 with .588. In VAS item 10, the significant level was shown by period and between period and group(p<.01). As a result of LSD, there was significant difference(p<.05), respectively, in the group with Dance movement exercise, the group with Gym-ball exercise, the group with Yoga exercise, and the Control group. Among those groups, the group with Dance movement exercise was indicated to be the highest level on the average. In VAS item 11, the significant level was shown between period and group(p<.05). As a result of LSD, there was significant difference(p<.05) in the group with Dance movement exercise and the group with Gym-ball exercise. Among those groups, the group with Dance movement exercise was indicated to be the highest level on the average. In VAS item 12, the significant difference wasn't shown. However, the correlational level was indicated to be significant(p<.05), respectively, in the belly muscular strength with .514 and obese level with .464. Based on the above results, the following conclusions can be made. The group with Dance movement exercise, the group with Gym-ball exercise, and the group with Yoga exercise were significantly enhanced, respectively, in belly muscular strength, abdominal muscular strength(muscular endurance), sit and reach, and trunk extension, which are basic physical fitness. In the body components, the waist measurement and the visceral fat reduced significantly. Even in several items of VAS of showing scale in reduction in LBP, the LBP showed the result of reducing positively. This is because the programs for the group with Dance movement exercise, the group with Gym-ball exercise, and the group with Yoga exercise are different, respectively, in the characteristics of exercise, but are composed of the exercise contents, which have commonality of reinforcing muscular strength in the waist of being involved in pain. Even among those groups. the group with Dance movement exercise has not significant difference among groups, but had the highest level on the average in many variables as a result of LSD. Accordingly, given continuing to perform training for a long term in order to obtain continuous effect, it is judged that there will be better effect in the basic physical fitness or body composition. Even the remaining pain in VAS is considered to be likely to be reduced. Given synthesizing the above results, the continuous performance of muscular-strength exercise related to the waist is thought to be able to be probably applied as the effective method, which can reduce LBP. Accordingly, for the efficient research related to this, the following suggestions are aimed to be made. First, for the effects on preventing and reducing LBP and preventing recurrence in female undergraduates, a long-term research and a qualitative research are desired to be performed. Second, a research is desired to be performed that applies the pain-level evaluation scale to diverse brackets by examining several factors on LBP. Third, the utilization of subjective pain-evaluation scale is important element of deciding on effectiveness of curing LBP. Thus, a research is desired to be performed on correlation between each item and variables in the subjective pain-evaluation scale while modifying and supplementing the structural form and the item contents.