적용된 분석방법 차이에 따른 토양 중 풍화 경유 함량 비교

이군택,Lee Goon-Taek 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004 지하수토양환경 Vol.9 No.3

본 실험에 사용된 토양은 유류 유출사고가 발생한 후 7년 동안 방치 되어왔던 지역에서 채취되었으며 정성분석을 수행한 결과 풍화된 형태의 경유로 오염된 사실이 확인되었다. 토양 중 경유의 정량은 1999년 7월에 개정된 토양오염 공정시험방법 (시험법 1)과 US EPA method 8015b (시험법 2)에 준하여 이루어졌으며, 또한 2002년 7월에 개정되어 현재 시행되고 있는 토양오염공정시험방법 (시험법 3)과의 비교를 위하여 일부 추가 시료에 대한 정량분석이 수행되었다. 시험법 1을 적용하였을 때 분석에 사용된 총 46개의 시료 중 4개의 시료에서만 유류성분이 검출되었으며 시험법 2를 적용하였을 때는 모든 시료에서 유류성분이 검출되었으며 43개 시료의 농도가 토양오염우려기준인 2000mg/kg을 초과하였다. 시험법 2와 3에 의하여 수행된 결과를 이용하여 1차 회귀직선식을 도출해보면, 기울기 값이 0.9845로 높은 정의 상관관계($r^2$=0.99)를 보여주었다. 이들 결과로 볼 때 시험법 2와 3은 시험법 1과 비교하여 토양 중 풍화가 진행된 경유를 정량 할 경우 보다 적절한 방법으로 판단되었으며 시험법 2와 시험법 3은 거의 같은 수준의 정확성과 재현성을 보여주었다. Soil samples used in this study were taken from the site at which diesel spill accident had occurred in 1995. It was confirmed that all of soil samples were contaminated with diesel which was going on weathering. The concentrations of diesel in soils were determined by Korea standard method revised in July 1999 (Method 1) and US EPA method 8015b (Method 2). Some additional soil samples were analyzed with Korea standard method revised in July 2002 (Method 3) to compare the accuracy and reproducibility with Method 2. The only four of forty-six samples were determined when the analysis carried out according to Method 1 while forty-three of forty-six samples had the value above criterion (2000mg kg$^{-1}$ ) according to Method 2. There were no significant differences between the results of the analysis by Method 2 and Method 3. Based on these results, Method 2 and 3 were more appropriate than Method 1 for the determination of weathered diesel in soil. Method 2 had almost equivalent accuracy and reproducibility to Method 3.

국제표준(안) 개선을 위한 토양 중 화약물질 추출 효율성 평가

이군택,정인호,김보현,김동욱,Lee, Goon-Taek,Jung, In-Ho,Kim, Bo-Hyun,Kim, Dong-Wook 한국지하수토양환경학회 2012 지하수토양환경 Vol.17 No.1

The ISO document of ISO/TC/190/SC3/WG11/N11 is a working draft of international standard (WD) dealing with analytical method for the determination of explosives and related compounds using high performance liquid chromatography. The scope of this WD covers the storage of samples, preparing test portion, extraction and instrumentation. The main purpose of this study was to improve the extraction conditions which were already adopted in the WD. For this purpose, mechanical shaking method could be corresponded up to 18 hours of ultrasonic bath extraction in the WD was tested. Methanol was also tested with the intention of being added as an extracting solvent other than acetonitrile in the WD. According to the results, 16 hours of mechanical shaking method showed statistically the same effectiveness as that of 18 hours of ultrasonic bath extraction. In case of extracting solvent, methanol also showed statistically the same extraction capability as acetonitrile for DNB, TNT, 2-A-DNT and 2,4-DNT. However, the recovery rate of TNB with methanol extraction was 40% higher than that of acetonitrile extraction. Through adding mechanical shaking method into committee draft (cf. the next stage draft of the WD during the process for making international standard), ISO standard of analyzing explosives and related compounds in soil would become more useful in dealing with huge number of field samples in the laboratory. In other aspect, adopting methanol as an alternative extracting solvent would be very effective in the terms of exchangeability with GC-ECD/MS method which is being developed by German experts.

토양오염공정시험기준과 국제표준간의 분석방법 차이가 유류 정량에 미치는 영향

정인호,이군택,이원석,김용훈,김보현,김지인,김보경,Jung, In-Ho,Lee, Goon-Taek,Lee, Won-Seok,Kim, Yong-Hoon,Kim, Bo-Hyun,Kim, Ji-In,Kim, Bo-Kyong 한국지하수토양환경학회 2012 지하수토양환경 Vol.17 No.4

The main objective of this study is to assess the compatibility between Korean ministry of environment (KME) standard and ISO (KS I ISO) standard for the determination of BTEX and TPH content in soil. We carried out comparison analysis for both methods using CRM and matrix spiked samples. In case of GC-MS analysis for BTEX, we got statistically (significance level: 0.05) the same results from KME standard (ES 07600.1) and ISO standard (KS I ISO 15009). However, it showed statistically (significance level: 0.05) different results when TPH was analyzed by KME standard (ES 07552.1) and ISO standard (KS I ISO 16703). To clarify the reason why both methods produced different results for TPH content, we also did some additional experiments in terms of differences in extraction, clean-up and target hydrocarbon range. Extraction with polar and non-polar compounds mixed solvent (acetone+n-heptane) of KS I ISO 16703 showed higher extraction efficiency than with only non polar solvent (dichloromethane) extraction of ES 07552.1 by about 9%. While column type clean-up of KS I ISO 16703 showed the reduction in TPH content between before and after clean-up, batch type of clean-up of ES 07552.1 did not show any changes in TPH content through clean-up process. The target hydrocarbon range of ES 07552.1 and KS I ISO 16703 is $C_8{\sim}C_{40}$ and $C_{10}{\sim}C_{40}$, respectively. From this point of view, kerosene and JP-8 contaminated soil showed higher RPD (relative producibility deviation) values between results by both method than that of lubricant or diesel contaminated soil. The higher content of hydrocarbon ($C_8{\sim}C_{10}$) in kerosene and JP-8 played an important role in increasing RPD values in addition to the effects caused by different solvents and clean-up method. Consequently, it was concluded that both methods (ES 07552.1 and KS I ISO 16703) were not compatible.

이온크로마토그래피를 이용한 토양 중 퍼클로레이트 정량에 관한 국제표준(안) 연구

최천일,이군택,박민기,정문주,김지양,강지영,류지영,Choi, Cheon-il,Lee, Goon-taek,Park, Min-ki,Jeong, Moon-ju,Kim, Ji-yang,Kang, Ji-young,Ryu, Ji-young 한국지하수토양환경학회 2015 지하수토양환경 Vol.20 No.6

Based on the literature study for the determination of perchlorate in soil we chose the ion chromatography as a measurement method and decided to use 70 mM KOH as an eluent to avoid the interference derived from the co-elution of pyrophosphate (P₂O₇⁴⁻), tripolyphosphate (P₃O₁₀⁵⁻). Also we proposed to use air dried soil through 0.15 mm sieve and distilled water as an extractant. Under the these basic concepts, we carried out the experiments to set up the detail procedure like solid to liquid ratio (S/L ratio), extraction time, device for extraction and indicating factors for quality control (e.g. precision, accuracy, MDL, LOQ). In case of time and device for extraction, 5 hours of mechanical shaking or 1 hour of centrifugation showed better precision and accuracy than that of sonication for 1 hour According to these results, we proposed the extraction method combining 5 hours of mechanical shaking with 1 hour of centrifugation. From the aspect of S/L ratio, the ratio of 1/2 or 1/3 showed resonable precision and accuracy. In case of the ratio of 1/2, there would be some problems in the separation process when the proportion of fine particle is high. Therefore, we proposed the extraction ratio of solid to liquid as 1/3 instead of 1/2. With the consideration of cost effectiveness and soil salinity, we proposed the use of cartridge for removing the interfering anions like chloride, sulfate and carbonate in specific sample such as saline soil.

흡착재와 Electrokinetic 기법을 이용한 납 오염토의 고정화

한상재,김병일,이군택,김수삼,Han Sang-Jae,Kim Byung-Il,Lee Goon-Taek,Kim Soo-Sam 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005 지하수토양환경 Vol.10 No.2

This study applied EK method to remediate contaminated soil by lead (Pb), tried increasing efficiency of remediation using adsorbent (apatite and zeolite) as enhanced EK remediation method to overcome the limit of traditional EK remediation method. Adsorption tests on Pb were practiced to extract EK, making different concentration of contaminated soil, voltage condition, operating time etc., transferring Pb-ion into the position of adsorbent, then tried immobilization. On this results, the efficiency of remediation is different on its test conditions. In addition, the efficiency of remediation was not only improved by adding electrode revεrsal and install position of adsorbent but also satisfied TCLP regulation of EPA in USA through the whole sample range. Finally, absorption and immobilization capacity of apatite and zeolite proved on its excellence and confirmed the possibility of application of apatite and zeolite as enhanced EK remediation method. 본 논문은 납 오염토에 대한 정회를 목적으로 EK 기법을 적용할때 기존의 EK 기법의 한계성을 극복하고자 향상기법으로써 흡착재(Apatite, Zeolite)를 이용하여 중금속의 고정화를 시도하였다. EK 추출을 위해서 우선 납에 대한 흡착능 실험을 실시하였고 오염농도, 전압조건, 가동시간 등을 달리하여 납이온을 흡착재 설치 위치로 이동시켜 고정화를 유도하였다. 그 결과 설험 조건에 따라 오염물의 이동 특성이 달라 정화 효율에 차이가 있었으며 전극교환과 흡착재의 설치 위치의 추가로 고정화 효율을 증진시켜 시료의 전 구간에서 미국 EPA의 TCLP 용출기준을 만족시킬 수 있었다. 특히 인회석의 흡착 고정화 능력은 탁월한 것으로 판명되어 EK 향상기법으로써 흡착재의 적용 기능성을 확인하였다.

사격장 토양의 화약성분 함량 분포 특성

조성현(Sung-Hyeon Cho),이군택(Goon-Taek Lee),김형돈(Hyoung Don Kim),김보현(Bo-Hyun Kim),김준영(Jun-Young Kim),한상재(Sang-Jae Han),김병일(Byung-Il Kim) 한국토목섬유학회 2011 한국지반신소재학회 학술발표회 Vol.2011 No.4

In the area of soil and groundwater environment, explosives are being highlighted. Therefore establishing the criteria for remedial works and developing the related technology are very important issues in the scope of nationwide research project. This investigation was carried out in military shooting area using explosives and focused on the determination of explosive compounds contents in soil and water. Because the domestic criteria have not established, the contents of explosive compound were compared with ROD(Record of Decision) of US EPA. Totally, 6 of 117 sampling point were contaminated and 4.3% of surface soil (0-10 ㎝) and 1.9% of subsoil (10-30) were contaminated. However, ROD value is too site specific according to site conditions to assess degree of contamination using simple comparison of analytical data with ROD. The results of this investigation are valuable for the selection of candidating sites for future precise investigation and risk assessment.

납, 니켈, 아연, 불소로 복합 오염된 토양에 대한 동전기적 정화법의 적용

이승헌(Seung-Heon Lee),김영일(Young-Il Kim),이군택(Goon-Taek Lee),김계훈(Kye-Hoon Kim) 한국토양비료학회 2007 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2007 No.10

가축 사체 매몰지 주변 토양 및 지하수의 오염도 평가

김계훈(Kye-Hoon Kim),김권래(Kwon-Rae Kim),김혁수(Hyuck-Soo Kim),이군택(Goon-Taek Lee),이근화(Keun-Hwa Lee) 한국토양비료학회 2010 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.43 No.3

Outbreak of contagious diseases to livestock animals is becoming prevalent worldwide and consequently, tremendous numbers of the infected or culled stocks are buried on the ground as the most common disposal method. The buried animals can generate a wide range of detrimental components such as leachate, nutrient salts, and pathogenic bacteria, consequently contaminating the surround environment. This implies that regular investigations are required to monitor any possible detrimental environmental aspect occurred around burial sites. Therefore, the current study was conducted to investigate whether the soil and groundwater nearby the burial sites had been contaminated by the substances originated from the burial sites, which can be applied for the establishment of the ideal burial site construction design and post management scheme. For this, two different burial sites located in Cheonan and Pyeongtaek were selected. Cheonan and Pyeongtaek sites were constructed in 2004 and 2008, respectively and both contained dead poultry infected by avian influenza (AI). Soil and groundwater samples were collected around the sites followed by determination of the nutrient concentrations and bacteria (Salmonella, Camphylobacter, and Bacillus) existence in both soil and groundwater. Some of the soil samples showed higher EC, NH₄-N, NO₃-N concentration compared to those of the background (control) soils. Also the concentration of NH₄-N in some of the groundwater samples appeared to exceed the USEPA guideline value for drinking water (10 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>). These results indicated that the soil and groundwater were influenced by the burial site originated nutrients. In the soil, Bacillus was isolated in most soil samples while there were no detections of Salmonella and Camplylobacter. Due to the Bacillus existing mainly as a spore in the soils, it was considered that the frequent detection of Bacillus in the soil samples was attributed to the nutrients originated from the burial sites.

Finite Difference Model of Unsaturated Soil Water Flow Using Chebyshev Polynomials of Soil Hydraulic Functions and Chromatographic Displacement of Rainfall

Hee-Myong Ro(노희명),Sun-Ho Yoo(유순호),Kyung-Hwa Han(한경화),Seung-Heon Lee(이승헌),Goon-Taek Lee(이군택),Seok-In Yun(윤석인),Young-Dong Noh(노영동) 한국토양비료학회 2003 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.36 No.4