19세기 언간에서의 구개음화 확산 양상과 구개음화 확산에 영향을 미치는 요인

윤희선 ( Yun Hee-sun ) 국민대학교 어문학연구소 2018 語文學論叢 Vol.37 No.-

In this paper, we examine the patterns and characteristics of the palatalization diffusion and the characteristics of Hangeul letters in the early 19th century. The study limits itself to the three categories of Hangeul letters; <Chusaga Hangeul letters>, <Kimseongilga Hangeul letters>, <Sunwonwanghu Hangeul letters>. In general, it was discussed that palatalization was completed in the late 18th century, but the rate of spread of palatalization was low in these three types of texts. In this, we saw that the writing of ‘the generation’ and ‘the sex’ of the originator affected the writing. The palatalization of the female sender was relatively lower than that of the male sender. It was found that the spread of palatalization is proceeding slowly due to a new factor called ‘female sender’which is different from other texts. According to the generations of female senders, almost 100% of palatalization in the native language was found to have spread in the context of the sender of the generation born around 1810. Because of the low rate of palatalization in unexplained cases, there was a high incidence of any vocabulary or morpheme in a non palatalized form. It was found that this frequency affected the spreading rate of total palatalization. There were words including ‘뎍-’(書) as the native words, ‘丑’, ‘中’, ‘重’, ‘弟’, ‘體’ as sino-Korean words. These vocabularies showed very low rates of palatalization. This article discusses how the extrinsic factors such as ‘the formal part of the letter’ and ‘following the specific syntax of letter’ and the intrinsic factors of how the effect of Chinese characters on the diffusion process of palatalization is divided into internal language factors according to the way sino-Korean words are formed.

비화학양론적 전구체 조성 조절을 통한 페로브스카이트 태양전지의 개방전압 향상

윤희선(Hee-Sun Yun),장윤희(Yoon Hee Jang),이도권(Doh-Kwon Lee) 한국태양광발전학회 2018 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.6 No.1

The interest in perovskite solar cells has been skyrocketed owing to their rapid progress in efficiency in recent years. Here, we report the effect of non-stoichiometry in the methylammonium lead trihalide (MAPbI₃) precursors used in a solution process with different MAI : PbI₂ ratios of 1 : 0.96, 1 : 1.10, 1 : 1.15, and 1:1.20. With an increase in the PbI₂ content, the PbI₂ secondary phase was found to form at grain boundary region of perovskite thin films, as evidenced by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In terms of device performance, open-circuit voltage in particular is significantly improved with increasing the molar ratio of PbI₂, which is possibly ascribed to the reduction in recombination sites at grain boundary of perovskite and hence the prolonged life time of light-generated carriers according to the reported. As a result, the PbI₂-excess devices exhibited a higher power conversion efficiency compared to the MAI-excess ones.

된장 메탄올 추출물 및 분획물에 의한 in vitro SOS Chromotest 실험계와 in vivo 초파리 돌연변이 검출계에서의 항돌연변이 효과

임선영(Sun-Young Lim),이숙희(Sook-Hee Rhee),박건영(Kun-Young Park),윤희선(Hee-Sun Yun),이원호(Won-Ho Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 2004 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.33 No.9

In vitro SOS chromotest 실험계에서 콩된장 메탄올 추출물의 경우 100 ㎍/assay 첨가시 97%의 돌연변이 억제효과를 70% 콩된장 메탄올 추출물은 87%의 억제효과를 가졌고, 청국장, 미소, 원재료인 콩과 콩/밀가루 메탄올 추출물보다 높은 저해 효과를 보였다. 된장의 메탄올 추출물을 더욱 분획하여 얻어진 분획물들, 즉 헥산, 메탄올, 디클로로메탄, 에틸아세테이트, 부탄올, 물 분획물을 100 ㎍/assay 첨가했을 때 MNNG에 대한 돌연변이 억제효과는 각각 73%, 73%, 91%, 95%, 82%, 73%로 전반적으로 매우 높은 저해효과를 나타내었으며, 특히 디클로로메탄과 에틸아세테이트 분획물의 항돌연변이 효과가 가장 높았음을 관찰할 수가 있었다. 초파리의 wing hairs spots 시스템의 small mwh spots의 경우, AFB₁ 단독 처리군을 체세포 돌연변이 유발 100%로 기준해서 된장 메탄올 추출물 2.5%, 5% 첨가농도의 경우, 각각 22%, 30%의 낮은 항돌연변이 효과를 나타내었다. 분획물들 중 가장 활성이 높았던 된장의 에틸아세테이트 분획물 5%, 10% 첨가농도의 경우, 각각 97%의 높은 항돌연변이 효과를 가짐으로 낮은 농도에서부터 강하게 체세포 돌연변이를 억제함을 알 수 있었고, large mwh spots의 경우는 된장의 에틸 아세테이트 분획물 5%의 낮은 농도에서 체세포 염색체 재조환이나 mwh+ 좌위에 유전자 돌연변이를 현저하게 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 된장 메탄올 추출물은 다른 콩 관련 발효식품과 콩의 메탄올 추출물에 비해 in vitro SOS chromotest에서 높은 돌연변이 유발 억제 작용을 나타냈고 분획물들 중 에틸아세테이트 분획물은 in vitro와 in vivo 돌연변이 유발실험에서 가장 높은 저해효과를 나타내어 된장의 항돌연변이 활성을 가지고 있는 분획물로 추정되어진다. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of methanol extracts and several solvent fractions from doen-jang on mutagenicity using in vitro SOS chromotest and in vivo Drosophila mutagenic system. In order to determine an antimutagenic effect of doenjang methanol extracts, other soybean fermented foods and original materials were compared. The treatment of doenjang methanol extracts (100 ㎍/assay) to SOS chromotest system inhibited N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) induced mutagenicity by 87~97% and showed higher antimutagenic effect than other fermented foods. Among solvent fractions from doenjang methanol extracts, the ethylacetate and dichloromethane fractions showed the stronger antimutagenic effect (91% and 95%, respectively) in SOS chromotest. In Drosophila mutagenic system, the treatment of ethylacetate fraction (5%/bottle) significantly inhibited aflatoxin B₁ induced mutagenicity by 97%. These results demonstrated that doenjang had an inhibitory effect to mutagenic agents in both in vitro and in vivo mutagenic systems, suggesting that its antimutagenic effect may be due to active compounds in the ethylacetate fraction from doenjang methanol extracts.

Mouse의 정소이용 염색체 조사에 G- 및 C-banding법의 적용

최영현,권용원,윤희선,유미애,이원호,Choi, Yung-Hyun,Kwon, Yong-Won,Yun, Hee-Sun,Yoo, Mi-Ae,Lee, Won-Ho 한국생명과학회 1998 생명과학회지 Vol.8 No.1

The mototic and meiotic chromosomal characteristics of ICR mice were investigated with G-and C-banding techniques. For the puposes, the chromosomal preparations were made with the modified air-drying method of Imal et al. Chromosomal analysis using testis could be observed mitotic as well as meitotic chromosomal behaviors, and the centromeric regions of all chromosomes including X chromosome were strongly stained in C-banded preparations. Nineteen autosomal bivalents and a single uniequal terminally associated X-Y bivalent in normal cells were observed during the late prophase and the metaphase of the meiosis I. The mean frequencies of previously dissociated X-Y chromosomes in the primary apermatocytes of the control group were 7.45%, but the frequencies of X-Y dissociation in the alkylating agents-treated group were about 3-4 times higher than that in the control group. Application of C-banding in meiotic stages could be certainly distinguish between vibalent type and univalents type of sex chromosomes. G- 및 C-banding법에 의한 ICR 생쥐의 유사분열과 감수분열 시기의 염색체 특징에 관하여 조사하였다. 이를 위한 염색체 표본 작성은 Imai et al.의 공기건조법을 다소 변형한 방법에 의하였다. 정소를 이용한 염색체 분석은 유사분열뿐만 아니라 감수분열단계들을 모두 관찰할 수 있었으며, C-banding에 의하여 X 염색체를 포함한 모든 염색체의 돈원체 부위가 강하게 염색되었다. 정상의 제 1 감수분열 전기와 중기 사이의 세포들에서 2가 염색체로 된 19쌍의 상염색체과 1개의 말단결합으로 된X-Y 염색체를 관찰할 수 있었다. 대조군의 제 1 정모세포에서 조기분리된 성염색체를 가지는 세포의 빈도는 약 7.45%였으나,alkylating agents 처리군에서는 대조군에서보다 약 3-4배 이상 높에 나타났다. 그리고 감수분열 단계의 염색체 표본에 C-banding을 적용함으로서 X-Y 염색체 조기분리의 관찰이 매우 용이하였다.

이중층 몰리브데늄을 후면전극으로 적용한 비진공법 CuInSe₂ 태양전지의 특성

황지섭(Ji Sub Hwang),윤희선(Hee-Sun Yun),장윤희(Yoon Hee Jang),이장미(Jang mi Lee),이도권(Doh-Kwon Lee) 한국태양광발전학회 2020 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.8 No.2

Molybdenum (Mo) thin films are widely used as back contact in copper indium diselenide (CISe) solar cells. However, despite this, there are only few published studies on the properties of Mo and characteristics of CISe solar cells formed on such Mo substrates. In this studies, we investigated the properties of sputter deposited Mo bilayer, and fabricated non-vacuum CISe solar cells using bilayer Mo substrates. The changes in surface morphology and electrical resistivity were traced by varying the gas pressure during deposition of the bottom Mo layer. In porous surface structure, it was confirmed that the electrical resistivity of Mo bilayer was increased as the amount of oxygen bonded to the Mo atoms increased. The resulting solar cell characteristics vary as the bottom Mo layer deposition pressure, and the maximum solar cell efficiency was achieved when the bottom layer was deposited at 7 mTorr with a thickness of 100 nm and the top layer deposited at 3 mTorr with a thickness of 400 nm.

Malocclusion with Congenital Missing of Lower Incisors

Kyung-Ho Kim(김경호),Kwang-Chul Choy(최광철),Kil-Yong Chung(정길용),Hee-Sun Yun(윤희선) 대한치과교정학회 1998 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.28 No.6

Drosophila에서 Genistein의 항돌연변이 효과

윤희선,박건영,이원호 대한암예방학회 2000 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.5 No.3

환경성 변이원에 대한 Genistein 의 항돌연변이성

윤희선,유미애,박건영,이원호 한국환경과학회 1999 한국환경과학회지 Vol.8 No.5

This study was carried out to determine the antimutagenic effects of genistein on the somatic mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin B_1 (AFB_1), using Drosophila wing spot test system. Mutagen alone or mutagen with genistein were administered to the heterozygous(mwh/+) third instar larvae by feeding, and somatic cell mutations were detected in adult fly wing hairs. Genistein did not show any mutagenicity with the feeding concentrations of 5∼15% in the test system. As the feeding concentrations of genistein increased, genistein inhibited the mutagenicity induced by AFB_1 (14.6%∼62.2% inhibition rate), while as the concentrations of AFB_1 increased, small mwh spots that arise mostly from chromosome deletion and nondisjunction were more strongly suppressed by genistein than the large mwh spots from chromosomal recombination. In each group of different AFB_1 concentrations, the rate of inhibition for total mwh spots was dependent on the dose of genistein. These results indicate that genistein have inhibitory effect on the mutagenicity induced by a mutagen, AFB_1. It seems to suggest that genistein may exert inhibitory effects to mutagenic and/or carcinogenic properties of DNA damaging agents.

한국 성인 골격성 Ⅱ급 부정교합자의 측모두부규격 방사선 계측학적 연구

김경호,최광철,윤희선 대한치과교정학회 2002 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.32 No.4

교정치료의 목표는 좋은 안모 균형과 치열의 안정을 얻는 것이며 이를 위해서는 부정교합의 다양한 원인에 상응한 치료를 시행해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 성인 골격성 Ⅱ급 부정교합자의 측모두부규격 방사선학적 특징을 조사하기 위하여 성인 정상교합자 140명(남70명, 여자 70명)과 성인 골격성 Ⅱ급 부정교합자 120명(남60명, 여 60명)의 측모두부규격 방사선사진을 촬영하였으며 계측결과를 바탕으로 골격 및 치아, 연조직 59개 항목을 평가하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 수직적 거리 계측치 및 고경 비율은 골격 분석에서는 정상교합군과 Ⅱ급 부정교합군에서 차이가 없었으나 연조직분석에서는 다소 차이를 보였다. 2. Ⅱ급 부정교합군이 정상교합군에 비해 하악골 길이는 더 작았으며 더 후방에 위치하였다. 3. 상악골의 길이와 전후방적 위치는 Ⅱ급 부정교합굽과 정상교합군 간에 차이가 없었다. 4. 코, 상순, 상악 연조직 부위의 전후방적 위치와 Nasolabial angle은 정상교합군과 Ⅱ급 부정교합군 간에 차이가 없었으며 하악 연조직의 전후방적 위치에서 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 5. 상하악 전치의 수직적 길이(U1-HP, L1-MP)는 Ⅱ급 부정교합군이 정상교합군보다 더 켰으며 제1대구치에서는 주군간 차이가 없었다. 6. 상순에 대한 상악전치의 노출도(U1-Stms), 상악전치의 치축 각도(U1-HP)는 두 군간 차이가 없었으며 하악전치의 치축 각도(IMPA)는 Ⅱ급 부정교합군이 정상교합군보다 더 컸다. 7. Ⅱ급 부정교합군의 안모 유형 분류에서, 상악골은 정상 위치하고 하악골이 후방 위치하는 경우가 43.3%로 가장 많았으며, 상악골과 하악골이 모두 정상 위치하는 경우가 28.3%, 상악골과 하악골이 모두 후방 위치하는 경우가 20.0%였다. This study was performed to evaluate horizontal and vertical characteristics according to lateral cephalometry of adult Korean skeletal Class Ⅱ patients using a selected horizontal and vertical reference planes pf Koreans. 60 males and 60 females consisting of freshman of Yonsei University from 1996 to 1997 and patients with history of orthognatic surgery at the Dental Hospital of Yonsei University with a skeletal Class Ⅱ group had the following condition : 1. Profile composed of a retrognathic mandible or protrusive maxilla; 2. Class Ⅱ molar and canine key; 3. ANB-greater than 4˚; 4. Wits appraisal-greater than 1.0mm; Cephalometric analysis consisted of 22 skeletal, 25 soft tissue, 12 dental measurements. The results were as follows. 1. There was no considerable vertical measurement difference between the skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion group and the normal occlusion group in skeletal analysis. But, some variations were found between the two groups in soft tissue analysis 2. Mandibular length of the skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion group was smaller than that of the normal occlusion group. Mandible was more posteriorly positioned in the Class Ⅱ malocclusion group than in the normal occlusion group. 3. The length and antero-posterior position of the maxilla were not different between the Class Ⅱ malocclusion and the normal occlusion group. 4. The antero-posterior position of the nose, upper lip and maxillary soft tissue, and nasolabial angle were not different between the two groups. 5. Mandibular soft tissue of the Class Ⅱ malocclusion group was more posteriorly positioned than that of the normal. 6. The vertical measurements of the incisors(U1-HP, L1-MP) were bigger in the Class Ⅱ malocclusion group than in the normal, but those of the molars(U6-HP, L6-MP) showed no significant difference between the two groups. 7. Classifying the skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion group according to the antero-posterior position of both jaws, normally positioned maxilla and retruded mandible was 43.3%, both normally positioned maxilla and mandible 28.3%, both retruded maxilla and mandible 20.0%.

Malocclusion with Congenital Missing of Lower Incisors

Kim, Kyung-Ho,Choy, Kwang-Chul,Chung, Kil-Yong,Yun, Hee-Sun 대한치과교정학회 1998 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.28 No.6

하악 전치의 위치와 각도, 형태와 근원심 폭경등은 심미성, 전치부의 적절한 교합, 그리고 치료후 안정성 측면에서 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 하악 전치가 선천적으로 결손된 경우 수평피개 및 수직피개의 증가, 인접치의 이동, 공극 및 치아크기부조화 등 교정적으로 복잡한 문제를 야기할 수 있으므로 하악 전치 결손시 이에 대한 충분한 고려가 필요하다. 하악 전치 결손의 치료계획 수립시 전치의 위치와 각도, 입술모양, crowding양, 견치와 대구치 관계, 수평 및 수직피개, 전후방적 골격관계 및 치아크기 비율등이 고려되어야 하며, 전치부 치아크기 부조화에 대한 정확한 평가를 위해 diagnostic model set-up을 시행하는 것이 많은 도움이 된다. 본 증례의 두 환자은 모두 하악 전치 2개가 결손되었지만 crowding양, 골격관계 및 입술 모양, 구치 관계 등이 달랐으며 이에 따른 치료 계획 역시 발치 및 비발치롤 상이하였다. 앞으로 두환자의 치료후 안정 및 유지에 대한 장기간의 관찰이 필요하리라 사료된다. Positions, angulation and mesiodistal dimension of lower incisors are important in esthetics, occlusion and post-treatment stability of lower arch. When lower incisor is congenitally missing, problems such as increased overjet and overbite, closing in of adjacent teeth and size/space discrepancies may occur. When creating treatment plans, incisor position and angulation, lip support, anteroposterior skeletal relationship, canine- molar relationship, overjet, overbite, remaining growth potential, crowding and anterior tooth ratio have to be considered. For an accurate analysis of incisal size discrepancy, diagnostic model set-up may be helpful. The two patients in this presentation both had two lower incisor missing, but the degree of crowding, skeletal relationship, lip support, molar relationship are different, and therefore treatment plan was different as well. Long term follow-up may be necessary for stability and retention.