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구리전해도금에서 폴리에틸렌글리콜(polyethylene glycol)의 영향 연구
안의경,최선기,이재원,조성기 한국전기화학회 2022 한국전기화학회지 Vol.25 No.3
In this study, the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on Cu electrodeposition was analyzed using cyclic voltammetry. The adsorption of PEG was affected by the specific adsorption of sulfate ion (SO4 2-) or chloride ion (Cl-). In SO4 2--based plating solution, the adsorption of PEG was limited by the adsorbed SO4 2-. Accordingly, the adsorbed PEG could suppress the electron transfer for Cu electrodeposition, but its effect was not significant. Meanwhile, in the plating solution composed of perchlorate ion (ClO4 -) which does not specifically adsorb on Cu surface, a strong suppression effect of PEG was observed and it was proportional to the molecular weight of PEG. On the other hand, when Cl- was specifically adsorbed on Cu surface, the suppression effect of PEG was enhanced because PEG and Cl- formed an interrelated adsorbate. The synergetic effect of PEG and Cl- depended on the composition of the plating solution, which means that the synergy between PEG and Cl- is based on the physical interaction. For example, the hydrophobicity of PEG plays an important role in the interaction, as the suppression effect of PEG derivative having a hydrocarbon tail was further enhanced with the addition of Cl-.
신현덕,김의경,안선진,박소희 한국농촌경제연구원 2012 한국농촌경제연구원 연구자료 Vol.- No.-
제5차 산림기본계획(2008~2017년)은 지난 2008년부터 시작되어 2012년 현재 5년차에 접어들었다. 전반기가 마무리되는 현시점에서 지난 5년간의 산림기본계획을 종합적으로 평가하는 일은 매우 중요하며, 내년도 새 정부 출범에 따른 정치환경의 변화와 사회여건 변화를 반영한 새로운 제5차 산림기본계획수정안을 수립할 시기이다. 최근 산림을 둘러싼 주변 환경은 지속가능한 산림경영(SFM)과 이에 따른 구체적 실천계획 수립의 필요성이 대두되고 있으며 지구온난화가 가속화되는 가운데 기후변화협약과 교토의정서 발효 등으로 탄소흡수원으로서 산림의 역할증대와 생태계 및 생물다양성 보전을 위한 적응기반의 구축이 강조되고 있다. 또한 대내적으로 주 5일 근무제 시행에 따라 다양한 산림휴양수요의 증가와 산림치유로 대변되는 신규수요의 증가가 예상되고 있다. 따라서 이러한 대내외적 환경변화에 부응하고 산림에 대한 다양한 수요에 대처할 수 있는 산림기본계획의 수립이 요구되어, 이에 필요한 정책내용을 반영하기 위한 연구의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 그동안의 제5차 산림기본계획 추진성과를 점검하고, 각 세부정책들이 주위 환경의 급격한 변화에 능동적으로 대응하고 있는지를 진단하였다. 정량적 평가와 정성적 평가로 구분하여 전반기 제5차 산림기본계획을 평가하였는데, 정량적 평가에서는 제5차 산림기본계획의 각 사업별 목표 대비 성취율을 산정하여 평가하였고, 정성적 평가는 크게 임업직 공무원들을 대상으로 하는 자체평가와 전문가들을 대상으로 하는 전문가 평가를 실시하였다.
검진 기관에서의 선별 유방촬영술 시행에 따른 연령 제한의 필요성에 대한 연구
윤하얀,이춘미,안의경,김용환,Yun, Ha-Yan,Lee, Choon-Mi,Ahn, Ui-Kyeong,Kim, Yong-Hwan 대한디지털의료영상학회 2010 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지 Vol.12 No.1
National Cancer Screening Project and Korean Society of Breast Imaging recommend that breast cancer screening should be performed on those aged 40 and above. Nevertheless, this recommendation is usually ignored by a number of medical institutions. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the necessity of an age limitation in screening mammography. Ten institutions were randomly selected and telephone inquiries about patients' age limitation and internal guidelines were set up. The 3,214 women, who underwent screening mammography through 'GE Senography 2000D' in each hospital, were classified into five groups according to age(from 20s to 40s, at intervals of 5). And then, collected data was analyzed by a radiologist in accordance with ACR-BIRADS(American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System), through which breast parenchymal density and the results of analysis were categorized in order to predict the sensitivity of mammography. Information about craniocaudal-view mammograms was automatically produced by use of GE Senography 2000D, and the average glandular dose was retrospectively analyzed through the program 'Excel 2007.' Two institutions did not set the age limitation. Other seven institutions internally allowed those who wanted to receive mammography regardless of age. Approximately 99% of those aged 20 to 29 were judged as having the dense breast. In those aged 35 to 39, breast parenchymal density tended to be lower, but the fatty breast to increase. In the case of 'category-zero' that does not need additional tests, the rate of 'heterogeneously dense' and 'extremely dense' reached to 83.1% and 15.1% respectively. Regarding dense breasts, there was no sufficient information for image reading. The glandular dose, applied to 3,214, was 1.47mGy on the average. In those aged 20 to 24 who are sensitive to radiation, the average glandular dose indicated 1.59mGy. Those aged 35 and above showed the lowest value, 1.43mGy. In those aged 35 to 39, the breast tended to change from denseness to fattiness. The average glandular dose was lowest in those aged 35 and above, which suggests that screening mammography should be periodically performed on those aged 35 and above in order that breast cancer may be early detected. On the other hand, in those aged less than 35, it is difficult to analyze mammograms due to the high density of breast parenchyma, and also retakes become frequent. In particular, subjects may be exposed to excessive doses. Accordingly, it should be substituted by breast self-examination or clinical breast examination. In case of need, it is advisable to perform ultrasonography.