치은섬유아세포의 MMP 발현에 대한 Nitric Oxide의 영향

신인식,윤상오,정현주,고정태,Shin, In-Sik,Yoon, Sang-Oh,Chung, Hyun-Ju,Koh, Jung-Tae 대한치주과학회 2003 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.33 No.2

It has been suggested that increased number and activity of phagocytes in periodontitis lesion results in a high degree of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. There are few reports on the relationship between ROS and MMPs expressions in gingival fibroblast. We studied to elucidate whether and how ROS, especially nitric oxide affects the MMP expression. Human gingival fibroblasts and HTl080 cells (human fibrosarcoma sell line as reference) were grown in DMEM supplemented with 10 mM HEPES, 50 mg/L gentamicin, and 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum with addition of various reactive oxygen species (ROS). Culture media conditioned by cells were examined by gelatin zymography. HT1080 cells expressed proMMP-2 and proMMP-9, but human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) produced only proMMP-2. Hydrogen peroxide upregulated MMP-9 expression in HT1080 cells, whereas in human gingival fibroblast SNP treatment showed marked increase in MMP-2 level compared to other ROS. These results suggest that the effects of ROS on MMPs expressions are cell-type specific. RT-PCR for MMP-2 and TIMP-2 m-RNA were performed using total RNA from cultured cells under the influence various kinase inhibitors. In HT1080 cells, treatment with FPTI III (Ras processing inhibitor) and LY294002 (PI3-kinase inhibitor) resulted in inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions, suggesting that Ras/P13-kinase pathway is important for MMPs expression in HT1080 cells. In gingival fibroblasts, treatment with FPTI III and PDTC (NF-kB inhibitor) showed marked decrease in MMP-2 regardless of the of SNP , suggesting that Ras/NF-kB could be the key pathway for NO-induced MMP-2 expression in gingival fibroblasts. This study showed that ROS, especially nitric oxide, could be the critical mediator of periodontal disease progression through control of MMP-2 expression in gingival fibroblasts possibly via Ras/NF-kB pathway.

Spargue-Dawley 랫드를 이용한 구미강활탕의 급성독성 연구

신인식,김정훈,하혜경,서창섭,이미영,이호영,이준경,이남헌,이진아,이설림,허정임,신현규,Shin, In-Sik,Kim, Jung-Hoon,Ha, Hye-Kyung,Seo, Chang-Seob,Lee, Mi-Young,Lee, Ho-Young,Lee, Jun-Kyoung,Lee, Nam-Hun,Lee, Jin-Ah,Lee, Sul-Lim,Huh, Jung-Im 대한한의학방제학회 2010 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.18 No.1

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity and safety of Gumiganghwal-tang (Jiuweiqianghou-tang) in Sprague-Dawley rats though the current regulatory guideline. Methods : The preliminary study showed that the single oral administration of Gumiganghwal-tang(Jiuweiqianghou-tang) did not induce any toxic effect at a dose level of 2000 mg/kg. Based on the results, 2000 mg/kg was selected as the limited dose. In this study, 10 rats of each sex were randomly assigned to two groups of 5 rats each and were administrated singly by gavage at dose levels of 0 and 2000 mg/kg. Mortalities, clinical signs, and body weight changes were monitored for the 15-day period following administration. At the end of observation period, all animals were sacrificed and complete gross postmortem examinations were performed. Results : Throughout the study period, no treatment-related deaths were observed. There were no adverse effects on clinical signs, body weight, and gross findings at all treatment groups. Conclusions : These results showed that the single oral adminstration of Gumiganghwal-tang(Jiuweiqianghou-tang) did not cause any toxic effect at the dose levels of 2000 mg/kg in rats. In conclusion, the $LD_{50}$ of Gumiganghwal-tang (Jiuweiqianghou-tang) was considered to be over 2000 mg/kg body for both sexes.

Spargue-Dawley 랫드를 이용한 방풍통성산의 급성독성 연구

신인식,김정훈,하혜경,서창섭,이미영,허정임,신현규,Shin, In-Sik,Kim, Jung-Hoon,Ha, Hye-Kyung,Seo, Chang-Seob,Lee, Mee-Young,Huh, Jung-Im,Shin, Hyeun-Kyoo 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2010 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity and safety of Bangpungtongsung-san (Fangfengtongsheng-san) in Sprague-Dawley rat though the current regulatory guideline. Methods : The preliminary study showed that the single oral administration of Bangpungtongsung-san (Fangfengtongsheng-san) did not induce any toxic effect at a dose level of 2000 mg/kg. Based on the results, 2000 mg/kg was selected as the limited dose. In this study, 10 rats of each sex were randomly assigned to two groups of 5 rats each and were administrated singly by gavage at dose levels of 0 and 2000 mg/kg. Mortalities, clinical signs, and body weight changes were monitored for the 15-day period following administration. At the end of observation period, all animals were sacrificed and complete gross postmortem examinations were performed. Results : Throughout the study period, no treatment-related deaths were observed. There were no adverse effects on clinical signs, body weight, and gross findings at all treatment groups. Conclusions : These results showed that the single oral adminstration of Bangpungtongsung-san (Fangfengtongsheng-san) did not cause any toxic effect at the dose levels of 2000 mg/kg in rats. In conclusion, the $LD_{50}$ of Bangpungtongsung-san (Fangfengtongsheng-san) was considered to be over 2000 mg/kg body for both sexes.

Holstein 종의 우유 단백질형과 산유량에 관한 연구

신인식,유제현 ( In Sik Shin,Jae Hyun Yoo ) 한국낙농학회 1990 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.12 No.1

한·중 국가간 공익광고 비교 연구

신인식 ( In-sik Shin ),허진영 ( Jin-young Hur ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2018 한국디자인포럼 Vol.23 No.4

연구배경 한국과 중국의 공익광고 전략의 차이점, 양국간 공익광고의 특성 등의 분석을 통하여 공익광고 속에 내재되어 있는 광고의 크리에이티브 전략과 메시지 소구방법을 탐색해 본다. 한국과 중국의 커뮤니케이션 전략의 틀을 상호 비교하여 국가간 차이점을 파악해 보고 향후 중국 시장을 목표로 하는 우리나라 상품의 마케팅 전략과 광고실행에 효율적인 접근방법을 제시해 줄 수 있다. 연구방법 분석대상 총 12편의 ‘환경보호’TV공익광고를 대상으로 질적 연구방법인 텍스트 분석방법을 사용하였으며 분석을 위한 항목은 크게 ‘이성적 소구’와 ‘감성적 소구’로 분류하고 감성적 소구는 다시 부정적 감성 소구와 긍정적 감성 소구로 세분화하여 분류하여 텍스트 분석을 실시하여 한국과 중국의 메시지 소구방법의 차이를 알아보았다. 연구결과 한국과 중국의 메시지 소구방법을 알아본 결과 한국은 6편의 분석대상 중‘부정적 감성’이 4편이며 ‘이성적 소구’, ‘긍정적 감성’가 각 1편씩으로 나타났으며 중국은 총 6편의 분석대상 중 ‘부정적 감성’이 5편이고 ‘긍정적 감성’이 1편으로 나타났다. 결론 한국과 중국의 공익광고 비교분석에서 광고와 직접적인 관계가 없는 저관여 수용자에게 소구하는 공익광고는 감성적 소구방식이 효과적이라는 기존 연구들의 결과와 일치하고, 양국의 문화적, 정치적 특성의 차이도 연구의 결과에 영향을 미치고 있다. 광고의 효율적인 집행을 위해 광고 전략과 메시지 소구방법에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요하다. Background This study will analyze how public service advertisement strategies are different between Korea and China and the characteristics of public service advertisements in the two countries in order to explore creative strategies and message appealing methods internalized in public service advertisements. This researcher will also compare the frames of communication strategies between Korea and China and find out differences between the countries in order to suggest efficient approaches to the implementation of marketing strategies and advertisements for the products of Korea targeting the market in China. Methods The subjects of analysis are total 12 TV public service advertisements dealing with ‘environmental protection’. Here, one of the qualitative study methods, text analysis, was employed. The items of analysis are largely classified into ‘rational appealing’ and ‘emotional appealing’, and emotional appealing is again subdivided into negative emotional appealing and positive emotional appealing before going through text analysis. This study has examined how message appealing methods are different between Korea and China. Result According to the results of examining message appealing methods in Korea and China, among six Korean advertisements analyzed, four deal with ‘negative emotion’, and one is found to deal with ‘rational appealing’ and ‘positive emotion’ each. Among total six Chinese advertisements analyzed, five deal with ‘negative emotion’, and one is found to deal with ‘positive emotion’. Conclusions Through comparative analysis on Korea and China’s public service advertisements, it has been found that emotional appealing is effective in public service advertisements intended to appeal to low-involved receivers not directly associated with them, which corresponds to the result of advanced research. The two countries’ cultural and political differences also have influenced the findings of this study. In order to execute advertisements efficiently, it is needed to carry out research constantly on advertisement strategies and message appealing methods.

책임보험에서 면책사유 고의의 인정기준 및 범위

신인식(In Sik Shin) 한국보험법학회 2007 보험법연구 Vol.1 No.2

보험계약은 우연한 사고로 인한 손해의 전보 또는 약정한 금액의 지급을 목적으로 하는 계약이다. 따라서 피보험자의 고의사고로 인한 손해는 우연성이 없으므로 상법 제 659조와 각종 보험약관이 이를 면책으로 규정하고 있다. 이를 면책사유로 하는 다른 이유는 도덕적 위험과 범죄행위의 방지라는 공익, 그리고 보험기술상 이에 대한 보험료산정이 제외된 것 등을 들 수 있다. 그러나 고의의 보험사고에 대한 보험자의 면책을 인정하기 위한 기준과 범위에 대해서 학설과 판례의 견해가 갈리고 있다. 즉 원인행위에 고의가 있으면 보험자는 면책된다는 원인설과 결과손해에 대한 고의까지 있어야만 보험자가 면책된다는 결과설이 그것이다. 한편 실무에서도 생명보험에서 면책기간 후의 자살담보, 운전자상해보험에서 벌금의 담보, 상해보험에서 음주 ㆍ 무면허운전사고 담보, 영업배상책임보험에서 인격권 및 광고침해손해담보 등 고의사고를 담보하는 약관규정이 점점 늘고 있다. 최근 대법원판결은 결과적 가중범 사고에 대한 자동차보험의 소송에서 피해자의 사망 또는 중상해에 대한 피보험자의 고의가 인정되지 않는다면서 보험자의 책임을 인정하였다. 이 판결은 비교법적인 흐름과 실무의 현실로 보아서 타당하다고 여겨진다. 특히 자동차보험, 영업책임보험 등 책임보험에서 일본, 미국, 독일 및 영국의 법규정, 학설과 판례는 결과설과 같은 입장이고, 생명보험에서 면책기간 후의 자살담보를 모두 유효한 것으로 인정하고 있다. 그러나 상해보험에서 음주운전 ㆍ 무면허운전에 대해서는 반대로 면책을 인정하는 입장이 많았다. 결론적으로 책임보험에 있어서 우리나라도 피해자구제 및 비교법적 추세에 부합하기 위해서 이제 결과손해에 대한 피보험자 등의 고의가 인정되지 않는 경우 보험자는 보험금지급책임을 져야한다는 결과설이 입법론 또는 해석론으로 타당하다고 본다. Recently Korean Supreme Court decided that the exclusion "intentional act" of the automobile liability insurance policy is not applied to the automobile accident which the drunken driver(driver) rejected the drinking test and continued driving faster with the police man holding the car. And the policeman got from the car on the earth and colliding his head against the H-beam of the subway construction site and was seriously injured and became the plantman. The decision is the opposite to the traditional test(causational act theory) of interpreting the intentional act in the insurance contract. There are two test in the interpretation of the intentional act in the insurance contract. One is the causational act theory which the insurer is not liable when the insured intended and expected only the accident not the injury(result), The other is resultant injury theory which the insurer is not liable only when the insured intended and expected both the accident and re -sultant injury. Intentional act is excluded because there is not fortuity and its purpose is to prevent the moral hazard and criminal acts. But the insurance policy increases excepting this exclusions such as suicide coverage in the life insurance policy, penalty money coverage in the driver's accident insurance and personal injury and advertising injury in the CGL insurance. Therefore conflicts arse in the interpreting and applying the exclusion in the insurance claim case. In considering it internationally. In U.S.A., England Germany and Japan the resultant injury theory is the majority opinion in the theory and cases and in particular in the liability insurance claim. The protection of the injured is the primary reason. I agree this trends and follows the resultant injury at least in the liability insurance case.

축구 경기에서 승리확률을 높이기 위한 기술 및 전술 요인 분석

신인식 ( In Sik Shin ),임비오 ( Bee Oh Lim ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2004 체육과학연구 Vol.15 No.2

본 연구는 전국 실업 축구선수권대회에서 우승한 팀의 8경기를 대상으로 축구 경기에서 승리확률을 높이는데 중요한 기술적인 요인 및 전술적인 요인의 분석을 통하여, 성공적인 경기 수행을 위한 과학적이고 실제적인 기준을 제시하고자 수행하였다. 고해 상도 비디오카메라 6대를 사용하여 축구 경기 장면을 촬영하였으며, 축구장의 2차원 실공간 좌표는 직접 선형 변환식(DLT, Direct Linear Transformation)을 사용하여 산출하였다. 자료를 산출한 후 상관관계분석(Pearson Correlation)을 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우승 팀이 상대 팀보다 상대방의 수비를 혼란하게 만드는 3번 이상의 패스 연결 성공 횟수가 많게 나타났다. 둘째, 득점 기회가 많았던 우승 팀이 상대 팀보다 패스를 받은 순간 수비자와의 거리 및 볼을 슛한 순간 수비자와의 거리가 더 먼 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 우승 팀은 여유를 가지고 정확하게 슛을 할 수 있어 득점의 확률을 높였다. 셋째, 승리 팀은 득점할 수 있는 비율이 높은 수비에서 최종공격수로 바로 연결되는 역습에 의한 공격(26.3%), 미드필드를 통한 빠른 공격(18.5%), 세트 플레이에 의한 공격(46.7%), 공격지역에서 볼을 뺏은 후 공격(18.1%) 등 다양한 공격 전술을 구사 하여 상대 팀보다 많은 득점기회를 얻었으며, 개인기술(35.3%)과 세트플레이(29.4%)를 통한 득점력을 높인 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 우승 팀은 골키퍼를 제외한 전 선수의 볼 소유 횟수가 비슷하게 나타나서, 전 선수가 고르게 활약했다. 다섯째, 실점을 줄이기 위해서는 수비자의 실수를 줄여야, 특히 패스를 받아 슈팅하는 선수를 밀착 수비할 수 있도록 하는 것이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 축구 경기에서 승리확률을 높이기 위해서는 골당 세트플레이 성공률 및 인덱스를 높이고, 개인기량을 바탕으로 한 다양한 공격전술, 특히 빠른 역습과 미드필더를 통한 빠른 공격을 통하여 득점력을 높여야 할 것이며, 또한 수비수의 실수를 줄여 실점을 최소화시켜야 할 것으로 여겨진다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the technical and tactical variables of the winning team during eight games in a tournament for enhancing winning possibility. A six camera system recording at 60 Hz and a DLT (Direct Linear Transformation) method were used to record each game and to analyze the data. A Pearson Correlation from the statistical package SPSS (version 11.5) was used to determine a relationship between goal determinant ability and other variables at a significance level of 0.05. There appears several factors were contributing to the win of a soccer game. Results were as follows: First, the winning team had showed more pass rallies over three times in a game than the losing teams. Second, the players of the winning team created further separation from the defenders during passing and shooting situations. Third, the winning team had more scoring opportunities than the opposition through a variety of methods like (1) a pass from defender direct to striker (26.3%), (2) rapid attacking through the mid-field (18.5%), (3) a good set play (46.7%), and (4) well-organized attacking in attack area (18.1%). In addition, individual techniques (35.3%) and set plays (29.4%) were important factors that contributed to the increased number of goals. With the exception of the goalie, all of the players in the winning team displayed high index in spite of a similar number of ball possessions, indicating a well-balanced team. Finally, defender`s mistakes resulted in increased numbers of goal of offensive players. Therefore, defenders must reduce their mistakes, especially in penalty area. The winning team displayed higher success rates in set-plays, index values, and diverse attack strategies based on individual techniques. The results of this study may assist coaches and athletes for improving their technical and tactical performance in terms of winning possibility.

암컷 랫드에서 Methylcyclohexane의 단회 경구투여 독성시험

김성환 ( Sung Hwan Kim ),임정현 ( Jeong Hyeon Lim ),신인식 ( In Sik Shin ),문창종 ( Chang Jong Moon ),김성호 ( Sung Ho Kim ),신동호 ( Dong Ho Shin ),김종춘 ( Jong Choon Kim ) 한국산업위생학회 2011 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.21 No.1

The present study was carried out to investigate the potential acute toxicity of methylcyclohexane (MCH) by a single oral dose in female rats. The test chemical was administered once by gavage to female rats at dose levels 0, 1,250, 2,500, and 5,000 mg/kg. Mortalities, clinical findings, and body weight changes were monitored for the 14-day period following the administration. At the end of 14-day observation period, all animals were sacrificed and complete gross postmortem and histopathological examinations were performed. Treatment-related clinical signs, as evidenced by depression, soft feces, decreased locomotion activity, solid perineal region, crouching position, and anorexia were observed in all treatment groups in a dose-dependent manner. At the dose level of 5,000 mg/kg, decreased or suppressed body weight gain was found during the study period. At the scheduled necropsy, one case of congestion of the intestine and an increase in the weights of liver and kidney were observed in the 5,000 mg/kg group. Histopathological examinations exhibited an increased incidence of glomerular atrophy, congestion/hemorrhage, and focal degeneration/necrosis in the liver and an increased incidence of congestion, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the kidney. On the basis of the results, it was concluded that a single oral administration of MCH resulted in some adverse effects on clinical sign, body weight gain, and organ weight and histopathology in the liver and kidney in female rats. In the experimental conditions, the minimal lethal dose (LD10) of MCH was greater than 5,000 mg/kg.

한국과 일본의 공익광고 디자인에 관한 비교 연구

신인식 ( Shin In Sik ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2007 한국디자인포럼 Vol.15 No.-

공익광고 텍스트에는 수용자를 설득시키고 광고의 효율성을 제고하기 위한 다양한 크리에이티브 전략이 내재되어 있지 않으면 안 된다. 표현방식에 있어서 이러한 크리에이티브 전략은 사회 구성원을 대상으로 사회변화를 주관, 형성, 통제하고자 하는 공익광고 고유의 목적 달성을 위한 매우 중요한 요인으로 작용할 것이다. 그러므로 이 분야에 관한 연구의 중요성은 점차 증가하고 있는 실정이며 국가 간 비교 연구를 통한 새로운 전략의 모색도 표현전략을 다양화하여 수용자의 동의를 얻어내는데 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다. 이러한 관점에서 한국과 정치, 경제, 사회, 문화적으로 밀접한 관계에 있는 일본의 공익광고와 한국의 공익광고를 비교분석하여 양국 공익광고의 역사적 배경과 광고표현 전략의 차이점, 그리고 국가별 공익광고의 특성을 파악해 보는 작업은 지금까지의 공익광고의 커뮤니케이션전략의 틀을 파악해 보고, 앞으로 효율적인 광고 집행을 위한 계획수립을 위하여 의미있는 연구라고 할 수 있다. The texts in public service advertising should contain diverse creative strategies for persuading consumers and enhancing the efficiency of advertisement. Such creative strategies in a way of expression will work as a significant factor for reaching the unique goal of public service advertising which is dedicated to control, form and control social changes aimed at social members. Therefore, the importance of research into this field has increased gradually, and it is supposed to play a crucial role in obtaining approval of receptors consumers by diversifying expression strategies in pursuit of new strategies through a comparative study among nations. From this perspective, it may be meaningful to identify the characteristics of public service advertising by country as well as the historic background of Korean and Japanese public service advertising and differences between their strategies of expressing advertisements, by comparing and analyzing Japanese public service advertising and Korean public service advertising which are closely coupled economically, socially, and culturally, and to establish plans for executing efficient advertising in the future.

농업인력 육성을 위한 정부재정투융자의 효율화 방안

신인식 ( In Sik Shin ) 한국축산경영학회 1997 韓國畜産經營學會誌 Vol.13 No.1