성년후견제도의 시행과 과제

백승흠(Baek, Seung-Heum) 충북대학교 법학연구소 2013 法學硏究 Vol.24 No.2

2013년 7월 1일, 성년후견제도가 대한민국에서 시행되었다. 정치적으로나 시기적인 면에서 호기를 만나 입법에 성공하였지만, 아직까지도 그 제도의 시행을 위한 국내적인 상황은 호전되고 있지는 않다. 민법의 개정으로 다수의 사람들이 그 적용대상이 되었지만, 정작 세간에는 이 제도가 홍보되어 있지 않아 어느 정도의 사람들이 이용하게 될지는 미지수이다. 새로운 능력개념의 도입과 자기결정권의 존중, 보편화(normalization)이념을 도입하였지만, 이러한 이념이 법조실무계에 얼마만큼 잘 이해되고 실현될 수 있을지도 의문이고, 제도의 이용자들도 이러한 내용을 얼마나 이해를 하고 있을지 미지수다. 현재까지 나타나고 있는 현상 중에 가장 우려되는 것은 행위무능력제도의 연장선상에서 성년후견제도를 이해하는 것이다. 그 위에 더욱 검토가 요망되는 부분은 유엔장애인권리협약과의 정합성 문제, 성년후견인 등의 선임신청에서 결정까지 ‘절차감호인’의 선임 가능성에 관한 문제, 선임된 성년후견인 등에 대한 이의제기가능 여부의 문제, 후견인 임기의 부재로 인한 문제, 성년후견인 등의 양성과 법인 후견에 관한 문제, 후견인의 직무범위에 관한 문제, 후견비용의 충당에 관한 문제, 성년후견전담기관의 창설 문제, 그리고 다른 법률들과의 조율문제이다. 이 글에서는 성년후견제도를 개관하고, 이러한 문제점을 제시하였다. 아직 시기상조일지 모르지만 향후 개정을 논하는 경우에는 반드시 해결하고 가야 할 문제라고 생각한다. July 1st, 2013, Adult Guardianship System was enforced in Korea. The old Incompetence System had several problems as we may know. The New System has two types of Adult Guardianship. One is a legal representative system, the other is authorized agent system. The legal representative system is divided three types, such as comprehensive-guardian, limited-guardian, special orders. The authorized agent system is based on contracts between would-be-ward and would-be-guardian. This contracts have to write out a notarial deed. If a would-be-ward lose his/her mental capacity, a court appoint a supervisor of guardian, and then performance of guardian's duties begins finally. If a person lacks ‘consistently’ (functional) capacity to conduct his/her business by a mental restriction which stems from diseases, disorders, old age, and so forth, the comprehensive-guardian type is started by an application. The limited-guardian type demands ‘insufficient’ lack of (functional) capacity. However, the special order type starts when a person just needs ‘aid relevant to temporary or certain business’. However, although the Civil Law Amendment Commission(Ministry of Justice) and the person concerned have tried to make a bill perfect, there are some problems or tasks in the adult guardianship system of Korean Civil Law. First of all, matching to the U.N. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), especially CPRD Art. 12. CPRD regards representing a person or demanding guardian’s agreement in legal act as the infringement of human rights. Second, appointing guardian ad litem who protect a ward from a application to a decision. In process, the party(would-be-ward) needs his/her safeguard. Third, the way protesting against a decision. Because the court decide to appoint a guardian by official authority, a ward can not protest against a decision. Fourth, the term of a guardian. In Civil Law, there is no rules on terms of guardian. Fifth, no rules for a corporate guardian and educating guardians. Sixth, whether ‘fact of an act’ can be registrated or not. Because only the legal act can be registered in Regulations. Seventh, expenses for a guardianship. A ward has to pay the expenses for guardianship for his own account, but in fact, public assistance is inevitable. Furthermore, there are some problems on establishing an exclusive organization under direct governmental supervision or anything else, and revising a relevant law.

成年後見의 監督에 관한 고찰 - 독일과 일본의 제도를 비교하여

백승흠(Seung-Heum Baek) 한국가족법학회 2006 가족법연구 Vol.20 No.2

  Generally, the adult guardian has huge discretion over the person and/or property of the ward. The guardian, however, shall consult with the ward and give due consideration to the preference of the ward in performing his or her duties.<BR>  Also, the guardian shall maintain the highest ethical, moral, and professional standards since the guardian-ward relationship is based on trust. To achieve these goals, there should be educational institutions dedicated to educating professional adult guardians. In fact, there are such institutions in most of the countries that adopted the adopted supervision systems of the care and control system, and the number is growing fast.<BR>  This paper will suggest the issues that should be considered in adopting supervision systems of the care and control system in Korea by focusing on the supervision systems of the care and control system in Germany and Japan.

現行 成年者保護를 위한 制度의 問題點과 代案으로서의 成年後見制度

백승흠(Baek, Seung-Heum) 한국민사법학회 2003 民事法學 Vol.24 No.-

There are human beings who have mental ability but can not do everyday affairs because of their physical defects and who have incomplete mental ability. How can we help them? Our ability system has regarded them as incapacity. But, that is extremely uniform and as we know It has origin in Code Civil enacted in 1800. This study is designed to meet the needs of growing human beings who have mental ability but can not do everyday affairs because of their physical defects and who have incomplete mental ability, especially Elderly People, for legal advice and assistance on a range of personal, social and financial issues, It brings together a number of topics which have importance in the lives of older people. This paper seeks to take a developmental view of old age and incomplete mental ability, and tries to avoid a stereotypical view of the older person. Old age itself may cever a span of 30 years or more and includes a wide range of interests, abilities and needs. In researching the Care and Control system, the major obstacle is that there is no(or few) discrete body of law relating to elderly people as there is no distinct legal status of old age. This means that there are bound to be gaps in provision which leave some vulnerable people unprotected. At the same time, there is an increasing emphasis on elderly people as actors rather than passive recipients of legal acts. The protective and enabling functions of the law are thus both relevant to the needs of elderly people. The author scrutinized three kinds of proposals and every proposal has its own merit. Because the important thing is, however, the idea of the system, the author proposed a German-type system.

일본법상 미용의료의 문제에 관한 소고

백승흠(BAEK SEUNGHEUM) 전북대학교 법학연구소 2017 法學硏究 Vol.51 No.-

미용의료가 성행하고 발전하는 것은 인간의 본성인 아름다움의 추구와 직결된다. 더구나 매스미디어의 발달로 외모에 관한 관심이 높아지고, 더불어 외모를 중시하는 사회적 흐름이 주류를 이루고 있다. 이러한 경향에 편승하여 다양한 방법을 통하여 수술 후 외모의 현격한 변화를 광고하고, 수술비용의 절감방법을 알려주는 마케팅 방법이 성행하고 있다. 이러한 업계의 발빠른 마케팅전략에 대응하여, 보건복지부는 최근 미용성형수술을 하는 의료기관을 중심으로 발생한 일련의 안전사고에 기하여 환자안전을 대폭 강화하는 대책을 추진하기로 하고, 이를 반영한 의료법 시행령 · 시행규칙 개정안을 우선 마련하여 2015년 5월에 공포하였다. 그러나 의료법 시행령 · 규칙의 개정만으로는 인폼드 컨센트를 엄격히 준수하고 환자의 안전을 최우선으로 고려해야 하는 등의 문제 해결에는 미미하다고 생각한다. 우리나라에서 성형수술을 필두로 하는 미용의료가 매우 성행하고 있고, 그 기술도 발달하여 의료관광을 목적으로 국내에 입국하는 외국인의 수도 매우 많은 것으로 알려져 있다. 그렇지만 ‘미용의료’에 따른 피해자도 속출하고 있는 실정이다. 최근에는 병원에서 무면허자를 고용하여 눈썹문신 같은 반영구화장시술을 한 사례도 보도되었다. 단적인 예이지만 미용의료에는 수술의 성공 여부뿐만 아니라 여러 가지 문제가 복합적으로 발생하고 있고, 이를 규율하는 법규범이 미비되어 있어 소비자의 피해 구제도 문제가 된다. 미용의료로 인한 소비자피해는 우리나라만의 문제는 아니다. 이웃인 일본에서도 미용의료로 인한 피해가 속출하고 있고, 해를 더할수록 그 피해건수는 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 실정에서 일본에서 의료계약에 관한 법률적 규율을 어떻게 전개해 가고 있는지, 미용의료로 인한 피해에 대해 법률적 구제책은 어떻게 마련하고 있는지를 살펴봄으로써 우리나라에서의 미용의료의 법적 규율에 시사를 얻고자 한다. The tendency to beauty is an intrinsic and natural desire and quest of every human-being. According to the history, surgery to improve one’s looks existed in Alexandria and in ancient Rome. Rapid growth and expansion of plastic surgery in general and aesthetic surgery in particular in the past decade has brought in its wake some confusions particularly in the light of legal policy. In Japanese legal system as well as in Korea, there are many problems regarding the remedy for injuries of the Aesthetic Plastic Surgery injury. Because the Aesthetic Plastic Surgery contract aims not at curing one’s body but at improving one’s look. So achievement of the aim of the contract depends on the patient’s satisfaction. If so, is it a medical contract? It is ambiguous. Although in most legal systems as well as in Japan, the nature of medical obligations is the obligation to the means, however in some special cases, the nature of medical obligations is the obligation to the results. In the Japanese legal system, the nature of surgeons’ obligations has been introduced as the obligation to the means which seems reasonable and logical. So in this article, with a brief description of some cases on injuries of the aesthetic plastic surgery, it’s been tried to study on theories and legal system in Japan. So an analytical investigation of the Japanese legal system has been dealt with in some controversial, common and related instances, i.e the aesthetic plastic surgery.

아동의 최선의 복리와 친권의 제한에 관한 유럽인권재판소 판결의 검토

백승흠(Baek, Seungheum) 한국국제사법학회 2017 國際私法硏究 Vol.23 No.2

‘친권’과 ‘입양’절차에서 아동의 최선의 복리원칙은 친권박탈결정의 중요한 기준이라고 회자되어 왔다. 게다가 유엔아동권리협약 제3조는 회원국이 어떤 공적 또는 사적 사회복지기관, 법원, 행정기관 또는 입법기관에 의하든 아동에 관련된 모든 행위에 있어서 아동의 최선의 복리원칙을 우선적으로 고려할 것을 요구해 왔다. 한국 민법에는 친권의 일시정지, 부모의 동의를 대신하는 법원의 결정, 친권의 일시 정지 등 친권을 제한하는 제도에 관한 여러 규정들이 있다. 그렇지만 필자는 아동의 최선의 복리원칙이 실무상 잘 기능하고 있는지, 그리고 현행법상 지역 기관이나 사회복지위원회가 아동과 부모 사이에 개입할 수 있는지 의문이다. 이러한 점에서, 로벤 사건은 시사하는 바가 많다. 첫째, 지역 기관이 법원보다 ‘먼저’ 아동의 최선의 복리를 위해서 분쟁에 개입할 수 있다. 둘째, 지역사회복지위원회는 ‘법원의 판결 없이도’ 부모로부터 친권을 박탈하고 입양을 허가할 수 있다. 셋째, 그럼에도 불구하고 노르웨이 법원은, ‘아동의 최선의 복리를 위해서’, 지역기관이 상술한 조치들을 하도록 허용하였다는 것이다. 이 글에서는 이러한 내용을 살펴보기 위해 로벤사건을 상술하고, 독일과 프랑스, 일본과 우리나라의 친권제한제도를 비교하여 살펴봄으로써 로벤사건에서의 친권박탈이 우리나라에서도 가능할 수 있을지를 가늠해 보고자 한다. The best interest of the child doctrine in ‘parental rights’ and ‘adoption’ proceedings has long been hailed in Korea as the primary guide for any ‘deprivation of the parental rights’ decision. Furthermore, art. 3 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child requires member states to observe the “best interests of the child as a primary consideration in all actions concerning children, whether undertaken by public or private social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies.” There are many provisions of the Korean Civil Law on the restriction system of the parental rights such as ‘temporary termination of parental rights’, ‘Decision of the Court replacing the Parent’s Consent‘ and ‘declaration of partial limitations of parental rights’, etc. . However, I wonder whether the best interest of the child doctrine operates well in practice, and local authority and social welfare board can intervene between children and parents in current law. In this regard, LOBBEN case is full of suggestions. Firstly, the local authority can intervene in a dispute for the best interest of the child earlier than the court. Secondly, the local social welfare board can deprive parental rights from parents and give consent persons to adopt a child without the court’s decision. Finally, nonetheless, the Norwegian courts allowed the local authorities to do the setps stated above for the best interest of the child.

동성간의 결합과 혼인으로의 동화

백승흠(Baek, Seung-Heum) 한국재산법학회 2013 재산법연구 Vol.30 No.4

세계적으로 덴마크를 위시한 프랑스, 스웨덴, 벨기에, 뉴질랜드 등 14개 국가가 동성 사이의 생활동반자관계를 법률로써 인정하고 있으며, 미국도 17개주가 동성혼을 허용하고 있다. 이제 동성혼에 관한 내용은 서구의 가족법 교과서에서도 하나의 장을 차지하고 있고, 그 내용도 점차 늘고 있는 추세이다. 이 글에서는 독일에서 동성간의 결합을 법률에 수용했을 당시 입법자가 혼인과 생활동반자관계를 차별적으로 생각하고 있었던 점과, 독일 연방헌법재판소의 판결에 힘입어 2004년 법개정에서 등록된 생활동반자관계를 혼인과 동화시키고자 했던 점을 살펴보고자 한다. 따라서 독일의 등록된 생활동반자관계법을 창설 및 권리ㆍ의무, 법적 효력, 등록된 생활동반자관계의 파탄으로 구분하여 살피면서 혼인과의 유사점 및 차이점과 입법 당시와 2004년 법개정시의 입법자의 의도가 변화한 것을 체크해 보고, 이러한 변화경향에 최근의 독일 연방헌법재판소 판결이 어떤 영향을 미쳤으며, 이 판례가 동성간의 결합인 등록된 생활동반자관계를 혼인으로 同化시켜 가는 경향을 살펴보고자 한다. 이미 독일 연방헌법재판소의 판례는 등록된 생활동반자관계와 혼인을 동등하게 대우하고 있다. 등록된 생활동반자관계법에서는 혼인에 관한 민법규정을 대부분 준용하고 있어, 비록 생활동반자관계에 관한 법이 특별법으로 존재하고는 있지만 거의 유사하다. 그러나 본문의 곳곳에서 지적하듯이 혼인과 법률상 차이점은 엄연히 존재하고 있으며, 특히 친권과 입양에서는 혼인법에서 인정되는 원칙상 등록된 생활동반자관계에서는 인정할 수 없는 부분이 존재한다. 이러한 경우에 어떠한 방법으로 해결하고 있는지도 이 글에서 확인하고자 한다. Since 2000, 14 countries (Argentina, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, South Africa, Sweden, Uruguay) have legalized same-sex marriage, as have parts of Brazil and Mexico. On July 17, 2013, the United Kingdom legalized same-sex marriage in England and Wales; the law will take effect sometime in 2014. In the United States, same-sex marriage is legal in 18 states (California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois*, Iowa, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont and Washington), and in the District of Columbia (*Illinois same-sex marriage law takes effect on June 1, 2014.). Since 1 August 2001, Germany has allowed registered partnerships (Eingetragene Lebenspartnerschaft) for same-sex couples by legislating the 'Lebespartnerschaftgesetz' (LPartG). These partnerships provide most but not all of the rights of marriage. Attempts to give equal rights to registered partners or to legalise marriage for same-sex couples have generally been blocked by the CDU/CSU. The Federal Constitutional Court of Germany has however issued various rulings in favour of equal rights for same-sex registered partners, requiring the governing coalition to change the law. There were many problems in recognizing the same-sex couples in Germany. But their social and legal endeavor for the same-sex couples have been able to give them the equal protection. In Korea, the status of marriage has changed recently not only in the social value but also in the functional perspective. As a matter of fact, there have been so many unions (or solidarity or couples) such as engaged couples, de facto marriage couples, multi-cultural families, single-parent families and so on. The author would like to do research in the 'marriage' by viewing from a different standpoint e.g. social solidarity. And the decisions of the Supreme Court of Germany enabled the author to suggesting some method to embrace the 'social solidarity'.

독일법상 피성년후견인의 收容에 관한 고찰

백승흠(Baek Seung-Heum) 한국가족법학회 2007 가족법연구 Vol.21 No.2

Care and Control system(Betreuungsrecht) has been come into force since 1992 in Germany. There is a clause for confinement of the person under care by protector, which involves deprivation of his freedom, in that law(§1906). Confinement in German Law is to confine the person in restrictive hospitals or facilities with deprivation or restriction of one’s freedom, and measures like confinement is to let the person under care live in institution, a home or other facility, without being confined and his freedom is for a longer period or regularly restricted by mechanical means, medication or in some other manner. It may be included in the Confinement to enclose a house with a wall or to keep an eye on a person’s movements and doors. It is the key points that the meaning of confinement says all the measures to restrict or deprive the person of freedom. And it is more important to keep the balance in protecting the person himself/herself under care and protecting his/her human rights. In Germany, the confinement procedures are prescribed below the FGG §70. There are so detailed provisions on the confinement procedures in FGG for the purpose of the protection of his/her human rights. In comparison with the Mental Health Act of Korea, the author thinks, the confinement procedures in German Law are more good for the person under care. Therefore to describe the confinement procedures in FGG is meaningful and very suggestive.

가정폭력 관련법률에 관한 고찰 : 경찰의 긴급조치 등 보호명령제도를 중심으로

백승흠 ( Seung Heum Baek ) 한국경찰학회 2008 한국경찰학회보 Vol.10 No.1

길릭(Gillick) 판결과 아동의 동의능력

백승흠(Baek, Seung Heum) 충북대학교 법학연구소 2019 法學硏究 Vol.30 No.2

The English House of Lords decision in Gillick has been a standard of the minor’s ability. The Gillick Case has dominated the issue of minor capacity to consent or to refuse for decades, and influenced all over the world. Furthermore, the Gillick decision has brought more questions and ambiguities than it hoped to solve. The speeches of Lords in Gillick Case were made in the context of contraception advice and treatment. Though it would be difficult to set up a criterion to give a capacity to the minor, however the criterion is essential to respect minors right to self-determination and protect the integrity of the body and the mind. What is more, that could be extended a broad spectrum of interests. In Korea, there is no legislation or case law determining if and when minors can obtain medical treatments(eg., contraception advice and treatment) without parental consent or knowledge. This raises concerns for health professionals practice and minors’ status as patients. Therefore the legislators have to try widely to recognize minors’ autonomy. This article discusses whether the rulings in Gillick are applicable or even should be applicable to Korea with regards to medical treatment. The article suggests a legislation for giving medical advice and treatment to minors through a embracement of Lord Fraser’s guidelines(Gillick Competence). The author want that these guidelines would be incorporated into a suggested legislative framework and professional guidelines.

학생용 가방의 무게 중심 위치 변화에 따른 척추 하중 분포 분석

백승흠(SeungHeum Baek),임경빈(Kyeong Bin Lim),박석훈(Sukhoon Park),김선제(Sun Je Kim),신현준(Hyun Jun Shin),강정아(Jeong Ah Kang),이상윤(Sang Yun Lee),윤용산(Yong-San Yoon) 대한기계학회 2010 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2010 No.11

In this paper, we measured the posture change in gait and compared the vertebral loading according to the position of center of gravity of backpack. We measured the gait posture of randomly chosen 67 elementary schoolchildren with backpacks by motion capture system and still cameras. As the result of the ANOVA test of the posture changes, we found that the back angle tends to reduce and the neck angle is increased accordingly when the backpack has upper center of gravity. After the experiment, we developed muscular skeletal human model including the backpacks using ADAMS/LifeMOD™. By changing the position of the center of the gravity of the backpack and the angles of neck and back, we conclude that the backpack of which center of gravity is positioned upper and closer to spine has advantage to maintain the straight posture during the gait and to reduce the vertebral torque.