http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
DWDM용 다채널 파장 가변 레이저 다이오드 모듈을 위한 다수개의 광 수신 소자를 갖는 50 GHz 내장형 파장 안정화 모듈의 파장 미세 조정
박흥우,윤호경,최병석,이종현,최광성,엄용성,문종태 한국광학회 2002 한국광학회지 Vol.13 No.5
본 논문은 DWDM 응용을 위한 새로운 개념의 파장안정화 모듈을 제안한다. 일반적으로 내장형/외장형 파장안정화기에서는 LD의 파워를 모니터링 하는 모니터 PD 이외에 파장을 모니터링하는 하나의 에탈론 PD가 사용된다. 50 GHz응용에서 에탈론의 각도를 미세 조정하는 방법이 일반적이다. 그러나, 에탈론의 미세 각도 튜닝으로 인한 파장안정화기 성능에 미치는 영향은 대단히 크며 미세 각도로 정렬하는 공정은 매우 어렵다. 에탈론 PD 배열 블록을 사용함으로써 파장안정화 모듈의 기계적인 에탈론 정렬 오차를 낮출 수 있으며 미세 파장 조정이 가능하다. 파장안정화 모듈의 에탈론 각도 조정에 따른 FSR과 최대 투과 파장의 위치 변화 정도를 계산하였으며 본 실험에 사용된 파장안정화 모듈의 최적화된 초기 에탈론 회전 각도를 보고한다. A new idea of the wavelength locking module for DWDM application was investigated in the present research. Only one etalon photo-diode is generally used in the internal/external wavelength locking system. For the internal wavelength locking module with 50 GHz applications, an algle tuning method of the etalon commonly applied. However, the alignment process of the etalon with the angle tuning method is limited because the lock performance is extremely sensitive accoriding to the change of the tilting angle. In an optical viewpoint, the alignment tolerance of the locker module with the etalon PD array block was good, and the precise tuning of the wavelength was possible. The characteristics of free spectral range (FSR) and peak shift of wavelength according to the tilting angle with the locker module was investigated. For the present module, the optimized initial tilting angle was experimentally obtained.
Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of Asthma through Transcriptomics
박흥우,Scott T. Weiss 대한천식알레르기학회 2020 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.12 No.3
The transcriptome represents the complete set of RNA transcripts that are produced by the genome under a specific circumstance or in a specific cell. High-throughput methods, including microarray and bulk RNA sequencing, as well as recent advances in biostatistics based on machine learning approaches provides a quick and effective way of identifying novel genes and pathways related to asthma, which is a heterogeneous disease with diverse pathophysiological mechanisms. In this manuscript, we briefly review how to analyze transcriptome data and then provide a summary of recent transcriptome studies focusing on asthma pathogenesis and asthma drug responses. Studies reviewed here are classified into 2 classes based on the tissues utilized: blood and airway cells.
Genetic Signatures of Acute Asthma Exacerbation Related With Ineffective Response to Corticosteroid
박흥우 대한천식알레르기학회 2020 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.12 No.4
Purpose: Acute exacerbation (AE) is an important domain of asthma management and may be related with ineffective response to corticosteroid. This study aimed to find mechanisms of AE using genome-wide gene expression profiles of blood cells from asthmatics and its perturbation by in vitro dexamethasone (Dex)-treatment. Methods: We utilized lymphoblastoid B cells from 107 childhood asthmatics and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 29 adult asthmatics who were treated with inhaled corticosteroids. We searched for a preserved co-expression gene module significantly associated with the AE rate in both cohorts and measured expression changes of genes belong to this module after Dex-treatment. Results: We identified a preserved module composed of 77 genes. Among them, expressions of 2 genes (EIF2AK2 and NOL11) decreased significantly after Dex-treatment in both cohorts. EIF2AK2, a key gene acting antiviral defense mechanism, showed significantly higher expressions in asthmatics with AE. The protein repair pathway was enriched significantly in 64 genes which belong to the preserved module but showed no expression differences after Dex-treatment in both cohorts. Among them, MSRA and MSRB2 may play key roles by controlling oxidative stress. Conclusions: Many genes belong to the AE rate-associated and preserved module identified in blood cells from childhood and adults asthmatics showed no expression changes after in vitro Dex-treatment. These findings suggest that we may need alternative treatment options to corticosteroids to prevent AE. EIF2AK2, MSRA and MSRB2 expressions on blood cells may help us select AE-susceptible asthmatics and adjust treatments to prevent AE.
박흥우,김상헌,장윤석,김상훈,지영구,이애영,장인진,박해심,민경업 대한천식알레르기학회 2018 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.10 No.5
Purpose: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) has been recognized as the most important genetic risk factor for severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs) caused by certain drugs. However, cumulated observations suggest the presence of genetic risk factors for SCARs other than drug-specific HLA. We aimed to identify a common genetic risk factor of SCARs across multiple drugs. Methods: We performed 2 independent genome-wide association studies (GWASs). A total of 68 and 38 subjects with a diagnosis of SCAR were enrolled in each GWAS. Their allele frequencies were compared to those of healthy subjects in Korea. Results: No single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with genome-wide significance was found in either GWAS. We next selected and annotated the 200 top-ranked SNPs from each GWAS. These 2 sets of annotated genes were then entered into the web interface of ConsensusPathDB for a pathway-level analysis. The Fas signaling pathway was significantly over-represented in each gene set from the 2 GWASs. Conclusions: Our observations suggest that the Fas signaling pathway may be a common genetic risk factor for SCARs across multiple drugs.
박흥우,Hyun Seung Lee,Da-Eun Park,Ji Won Lee,Kyung Hee Sohn,Sang-Heon Cho 생화학분자생물학회 2020 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.52 No.-
Nonallergic eosinophilic asthma (NAEA) is a clinically distinct subtype of asthma. Thus far, the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying NAEA have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine the role of IL-23 in the pathogenesis of NAEA. We developed a murine model of NAEA using recombinant IL-23 (rIL-23) plus a nonspecific airway irritant [polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C) or diesel exhaust particles (DEPs)] and investigated whether IL23 plays an important role in the development of NAEA. Intranasal administration of rIL-23 (0.1μg/mouse) plus polyI:C (0.01μg/mouse) or DEPs (10μg/mouse) without allergen resulted in methacholine bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eosinophilic airway inflammation in mice, which are characteristic features of NAEA. rIL-23 plus a low dose nonspecific airway irritants induced the release of innate cytokines from airway epithelium, including IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin and IL-1β; these factors activated types 2 and 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s and ILC3s). ILC2s and ILC3s, but not CD4+ T cells (i.e., adaptive immune cells), were important in the development of NAEA. In addition, we observed that IL-23 receptor expressions increased in airway epithelial cells, which suggests the existence of a positive autocrine loop in our murine model of NAEA. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which administration of rIL-23 plus a nonspecific airway irritant (polyI:C or DEPs) without allergen resulted in features of NAEA in mice similar to those found in humans. IL-23 may constitute a therapeutic target for NAEA in humans.
박흥우,송우정,조상헌,Michael J. McGeachie,Fernando Martinez,Dave Mauger,Bruce G. Bender,Kelan G. Tantisira 생화학분자생물학회 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.-
It is well known that depression is associated with asthma symptoms. We assessed the combined effects of genetic factors and depression on asthma symptom severity using Bayesian network (BN) analysis. The common 100 topranked single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained from two genome-wide association studies of symptom severity in two childhood asthmatics trials (CAMP (Childhood Asthma Management Program) and CARE (Childhood Asthma Research and Education)). Using SNPs plus five discretized variables (depression, anxiety, age, sex, and race), we performed BN analysis in 529 CAMP subjects. We identified two nodes (depression and rs4672619 mapping to ERBB4 (Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4)) that were within the Markov neighborhood of the symptom node in the network and then evaluated the interactive effects of depressive status and rs4672619 genotypes on asthma symptom severity. In childhood asthmatics with homozygous reference alleles, severe depression was related to less severe symptoms. However, in childhood asthmatics with heterozygous alleles and homozygous variant alleles, depression and symptom severity showed a positive correlation (interaction permutation P value = 0.019). We then tried to evaluate whether the interactive effects that we found were sustained in another independent cohort of elderly asthmatics. Contrary to the findings from childhood asthmatics, elderly asthmatics with homozygous reference alleles showed a positive correlation between depression and symptom severity, and elderly asthmatics with heterozygous alleles and homozygous variant alleles showed a negative correlation (interaction permutation P value = 0.003). In conclusion, we have identified a novel SNP, rs4672619, that shows interactive effe