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자아 성장과 맞춤형의 멋진 신세계 이면 - 1인가구의 노동, 관계, 가족 영역에서 보이는 신자유주의 통치성의 그림자
박송이,김수영 비판사회학회 2024 경제와 사회 Vol.- No.141
The number of single-person households has expanded globally. In particular, South Korea has witnessed a dramatic rise in the percentage of single-person households among all households since 2000, with figures increasing from 20.0% in 2005 to 27.2% in 2015, 31.7% in 2020 and further to 34.5%. Researchers have sparked various debates on the shift from the traditional nuclear family system to an individualized family. The main point of contention is whether individual choose to live alone as positive alternative household or whether the single-person household is a negative result of social isolation or inequality. Although they seem to be making confliciting claims, researchers miss the political economy structure and are unable to explain why individuals act according to the neoliberal order by focusing only on fragmentary side. Based on these limitations, this study analyzed the interviews of 21 single-person households in the field of labor, human relations, and family by theory of neoliberal governmentality. The results are as follows. First, in the neoliberal govermentality that appears in the field of labor, single-person households perceived ubiquitous pressure to work constantly, and they were internalizing a sense of responsibility to grow oneself. However, behind the subjectification of being immersed in self-growth, anxiety about failure was laid. Second, in the neoliberal governmentality that appears in the field of human relations, participants were too immersed in self-growth, blocking relationships in the real life, sitting on the fence while just watching people, and attempting to establish optimized relationship but feeling emotional emptiness. Finally, in the neoliberal governmentality that appears in the field of family, they felt the burden of family formation, and paradoxically have a desire to establish an optimized family at the same time. However, because there were no clear alternatives to solve loneliness within this ambivalence, they just managed loneliness through family of origin and felt vagueness and loneliness about unmanageable family building. This study interprets the current situation that single-person households are vigorously investing themselves in self-growth, but losing the realm of relationships that can serve as another source of life for them, transforming Korean society like Aldous Huxley’s “Brave New World.” Therefore, the research suggests that public discourse and institutional experiments are needed to form a political economic structure that can establish authentic relationships.
B16F10 피부암 세포에서 AMPK-VASP 신호경로를 경유한 셀레늄의 Apoptosis 효과
박송이,Sol Hwa Lee,박옥진,김영민 대한암예방학회 2010 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.4
A vasodilatator-stimulierte phosphoprotein (VASP), Ena/VASP family, is connected to actin. It is associated with the signal pathway involving the proliferation and migration of cells, and VASP regulates cells-cells contacts. VASP in the blood acts as cAMP-and cGMP-dependent protein kinase. According to the positions of amino acid at Ser-157, Ser-239 and Thr-278, it is regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) that acts as Ser-Thr kinase. Recently the VASP is known to the new substrate of AMPK. The AMPK plays a role of the energy sensor. If AMPK is activated in cancer cells, apoptosis is induced in them. However, activation of mTOR is known to be promoted cancer growth. In addition, Akt, which is a kind of Ser-Thr kinase, is responsible for proliferation, differentiation, and growth of cells, and it inhibits apoptosis in cancer cells and is known to engage in angiogenesis and metastasis. In this study,when selenium is treated in B16F10 cancer cells, we suggest that the growth of B16F10 cells is inhibited. We determined with MTT assay, Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS), and Western blotting. Finally, it is observed whether these inhibitory effects is due to induction of apoptosis, and we have tried to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of selenium, through VASP, AMPK, mTOR and Akt signal pathway. (Cancer Prev Res 15, 313-319, 2010)
Curcumin Induces Apoptosis by the Regulation of AMPKα1 and HIF-1α Levels
박송이,김윤이,이윤경,김영민,박옥진 대한암예방학회 2012 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.2
Under the hypoxic condition, cancer cells initiate their own adaptive pathways to have a facilitated oxygen and energy supply for survival. In this adaptive response, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a key regulator to stimulate angiogenesis, glucose transport and metabolism. We applied curcumin to examine the effect on HIF-1α induction and the regulatory effect of AMPKα1 on HIF-1α in HT-29 colon cancer cells. Our results showed that curcumin effectively induced apoptosis, dose dependently and reduced HIF-1α, which was elevated in hypoxic state induced by CoCl2. In addition, curcumin inhibited AMPKα1 activity, a modulator of adaptive pathway in response to hypoxia-induced energy depletion. These observations suggest that AMPKα1 may positively modulate HIF-1α stabilization and therefore, curcumin down-regulates AMPKα1 which seldom occurs in normoxic state. Curcumin induces apoptosis of HT-29 colon cancer cells through regulation of AMPKα1- HIF-1α pathway against hypoxic state.
MCF-7 유방암세포에서 Resveratrol과 Quercetin의 병행처리에 의한 AMPK 활성 및 시너지 효과
박송이,박옥진,김영민,이윤경 대한암예방학회 2009 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.3
pathway in many cancer cells. Resveratrol and quercetin have been known to exert anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer effects through regulating several pathways. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is one of the most important protein kinases involved in signal pathways related to metabolic control. AMPK is regulated by AMP/ATP ratio and activated by ATP consumption. Recently, it has been reported that AMPK is involved in the regulation of proliferation and/or apoptosis in several cancer cells. Our study investigated the synergistic effects of resveratrol and quercetin on apoptosis and AMPK activation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Treatment with resveratrol and quercetin or co-treatment with resveratrol and quercetin for 24 h inhibited cancer cell proliferation, and increased apoptotic cell death. The synergistic effects of resveratrol and quercetin were observed both in the inhibition of cell growth and the acceleration of apoptotic cell death. Also, the combined treatment of resveratrol and quercetin more strongly activated AMPK, and this effect was abolished by AMPK inhibitor Compound C in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Treatment of AICAR, synthetic AMPK activator also increased phospho-AMPK levels. Our results suggest that combined treatment of resveratrol and quercetin is a more effective way in controlling cancer proliferation and apoptosis. (Cancer Prev Res 14, 218-224, 2009)
ossible Relationship between AMPK and Apoptosis in HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells Treated with CLA
박송이,Yun-Kyoung Lee,Won Sup Lee,Ock Jin Park,Young-Min Kim 대한암예방학회 2008 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.4
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), an essential fatty acid linoleic acids (LA), has been shown to suppress cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in several cancer cells. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly conserved protein in eukaryotes, function as an intrinsic regulator of mammalian cell cycle and primarily as a sensor of cellular energy level. In this study, we have examined the effect of CLA on apoptosis and the regulatory effect of AMPK and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathway in HT-29 colon cancer. Treatment of CLA (20∼320μM) for 24 h inhibited proliferation of cancer cells and increased chromatin condensation levels represented apoptotic death. These apoptotic effects seemed to be related to AMPK-COX-2 pathways. CLA strongly activated AMPK at the concentration of 40μM and above and in the same condition, COX-2 expression was decreased in cancer cells. ROS is a possible upstream signal of AMPK. CLA generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the concentration of 40μM and 160μM in HT-29 colon cancer cells. These observations suggest that AMPK has an important role in cancer cell apoptosis induced by CLA and further AMPK-COX-2 pathway may be a possible target in cancer control.
박송이,이원섭,박옥진,이윤경,김영민 대한암예방학회 2009 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.2
Estrogen has been suggested as a promoter of breast cancer for its cell proliferative effect and antiapoptotic properties, and moreover, recent epidemiological data suggest that females are at higher risk for lung cancers than males, and it is attributed to the greater exposure to the genotoxicity of estrogen metabolites in the form of hydroxyestradiols. Our previous studies have revealed that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation is strongly related to the inhibition of cancer cell growth. We examined the regulation of AMPK and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by exogenous estrogen in non-cancerous normal cells, TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate)-treated normal cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells to elucidate the effects of estrogen treatment on AMPK and COX-2. The exogenous estrogen strongly stimulated COX-2 expression in TPA treated cox-2 +/+ cells and MCF-7 cells, but such stimulation was not observed with non-TPA treated normal cells. Estrogen activated AMPK in all three kinds of cells, and in TPA-treated and cancerous cells the activation of AMPK with estrogen could not abolish COX-2 expression. These results indicate that the cell type is an important defining factor of AMPK and COX-2 regulation by estrogen, and this may have some significance to unravel the possible link between estrogen and cancers.