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나숙현,H.K. Shon,J.B. Kim,H.J. Park,D.L. Cho,I. El Saliby,J.-H. Kim 한국공업화학회 2010 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.16 No.1
The highly strengthened treatment and disposal of excess sludge based on economic and environmental regulation factors is one of the important issues to be dealt with in the activated sludge process. In this study, the reduction and recycling technology of excess sludge were investigated for the aim of achieving a zero emission of excess sludge produced from the activated sludge process using titaniumtetrachloride (TiCl4) as a flocculant aid with alkaline-thermal hydrolysis. Alkaline-thermal hydrolysis of excess sludge was obtained 73% and 40% reduction rate at pH 13 (60 8 8C) and pH 11 (60 8 8C), respectively. Flocculation was carried out using a Ti-salt flocculant and the collected sludge was dewatered and incinerated at 600 8C to produce TiO2 nanoparticles. The amount of total suspended solids and volatile suspended solids was significantly decreased with pH increase. The optimal dose of Ti-salt flocculation aid to improve dewatering ability of sludge breakage was 23.95 Ti-mg l1. Also, in the batch culture, the supernatant after flocculation and the organic matter released from the lysed sludge were found to be useful as a source of energy for the growth ofmicroorganisms during the aerobic operations period. TiO2 produced from Ti-salt flocculation of excess sludge (TES) was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray and photocatalytic activity.
나숙현,배상옥,정수정,정선용,Na, Suk-Hyun,Bae, Sang-Ok,Jung, Soo-Jung,Chung, Seon-Yong 한국생물공학회 2010 KSBB Journal Vol.25 No.6
A new hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium, Aeromonas sp. strain JS-1, that can fix $CO_2$ via the reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin-Benson cycle) under chemoautotrophic conditions but not photoautotrophic conditions was isolated from fresh water. Strain JS-1 showed considerable $CO_2$ fixation ability during continuous cultivation even at high $CO_2$ concentration. Strain JS-1 used $H_2$ and $CO_2$ fixation as energy and carbon sources, respectively. Carbon dioxide fixation is carried out through the Calvin-Benson cycle, in which ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) is the key enzyme. Hydrogen-oxidizing chemoautotrophic Aeromonas sp. strain JS-1 exhibited remarkedly strong RubisCO [EC 4.1.1.39] activity. RubisCO was purified as an $L_8S_8$-type hexadecamer with molecular mass of 560 kDa by gel filtration. The enzyme consisted of two different subunits eight large (56 kDa) and eight small (15 kDa), as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was about 3.31 unit/mg and stable up to $45^{\circ}C$. The $K_m$ values for RuBP, $CO_2$, and $Mg^{2+}$ were estimated to be 0.25 mM, 5.2 mM and 0.91 mM, respectively.
나숙현(Suk-Hyun Na),배상옥(Sang-Ok Bae),정수정(Soojung Jung),정선용(Seon-Yong Chung) 한국생물공학회 2010 KSBB Journal Vol.25 No.6
A new hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium, Aeromonas sp. strain JS-1, that can fix CO₂ via the reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin-Benson cycle) under chemoautotrophic conditions but not photoautotrophic conditions was isolated from fresh water. Strain JS-1 showed considerable CO₂ fixation ability during continuous cultivation even at high CO₂ concentration. Strain JS-1 used H₂ and CO₂ fixation as energy and carbon sources, respectively. Carbon dioxide fixation is carried out through the Calvin-Benson cycle, in which ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase (RubisCO) is the key enzyme. Hydrogen-oxidizing chemoautotrophic Aeromonas sp. strain JS-1 exhibited remarkedly strong RubisCO [EC 4.1.1.39] activity. RubisCO was purified as an L8S8-type hexadecamer with molecular mass of 560 kDa by gel filtration. The enzyme consisted of two different subunits eight large (56 kDa) and eight small (15 kDa), as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was about 3.31 unit/mg and stable up to 45℃. The Km values for RuBP, CO₂, and Mg2+ were estimated to be 0.25 mM, 5.2 mM and 0.91 mM, respectively.
영산강 수계에서 측정된 PFOS 및 PFOA 분포 현황
임혜정,나숙현,최봉인,임채승,정선용,권범근 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2013 한국폐기물자원순환학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.2
영산강 수계의 perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) 및 관련 과불화화합물(perfluorinated compounds; PFCs)의 오염도를 모니터링하기 위해 2013년 5월말부터 6월초에 걸쳐 영산강 수계 18개소 지점을 대상으로 조사 하였다. KIEST(Korea Institute of Environmental Science & Technology)에서 확립한 분석법을 토대로 liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(tandem LC/MS)를 이용하여 분석하였다. 또한, 육상으로부터 하천수계로 유입되는 PFCs가 영산강 수계에 어떠한 농도 분포를 하고 있는지 18지점을 중심으로 오염실태를 파악하였다. 분석결과, 18지점에서의 PFOS 농도는 10.1 ~ 46.0 (평균 21.6) ng/L의 범위로 나타났으며, PFOA는 LOQ(limit of quantitation) ~ 14.2 (평균 7.3) ng/L의 범위로 분석되었다. 이 중 화순에서 흘러오는 광주천은 PFOS와 PFOA 농도가 각각 15.3 ng/L와 5.3 ng/L로 보였고 하수처리장에서 1km 떨어진 광주천에서는 높은 농도의 PFOS 35.5 ng/L와 11.7 ng/L로 검출되었다. 이와 반대로 광주천과 황룡강이 합류하는 영산강 본류 구간에서는 PFOS 15.9 ng/L으로 검출되었으나 그 외에 다른 PFCs는 검출되지 않았다. 또한 나주 지역을 따라 흐르는 영산강 본류에서는 PFOS 와 PFOA 농도 각각 27.4 ng/L와 8.5 ng/L로 비교적 높게 검출되었지만 전반적으로 주변 지역은 보다 낮게 검출되었다. 영산강이 함평과 무안을 거쳐 서해로 빠져나가는 목포 지역에서는 20.1 ng/L와 7.5 ng/L로 검출되었다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 전라남도 영산강 수계 내에 PFCs인 독성화학물질이 존재한다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 인공화학물질의 자연수내의 존재 및 거동 등에 관한 연구가 지속적으로 모니터링 되어야할 것이다.