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프로그레시브 멀티미디어 전송을 위한 딥러닝 기반의 조인트 소스 채널 코딩
류성미(Sung mi Ryu),장석호(Seok-Ho Chang) 한국통신학회 2021 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.2
본 논문은 단일 안테나 (single-input single-output) 시스템에서 프로그레시브 이미지를 전송할 때, 이미지의 평균왜곡을 최소화하기 위해 효율적으로 패킷의 데이터 전송률을 할당하는 방식을 연구한다. 제안된 기법은 딥러닝을 이용한 최적화로, 각 패킷에 할당되는 데이터 전송률을 뉴럴 네트워크의 출력으로 결정하는 방식을 취한다. 이 기법은 기존의 알고리즘보다 연산 복잡도가 낮으면서도, 비슷한 peak-signal-to-noise (PSNR) 성능을 달성한다.
문신용,최성미,김희선,류범용,오선경,서창석,김석현,최영민,김정구,최규홍,이진용,Moon, Shin-Yong,Choi, Sung-Mi,Kim, Hee-Sun,Ryu, Buom-Yong,Oh, Sun-Kyung,Suh, Chang-Suk,Kim, Seok-Hyun,Choi, Young-Min,Kim, Jung-Gu,Choi, Kyu-Hong,Lee, Jin-Y 대한생식의학회 2000 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.27 No.4
Objective: Hatching of the blastocyst from the zona pellucida (ZP) is a key event in mammalian implantation. In vivo, two factors have been identified as possible mediators of hatching: lysis of the ZP by substances elaborated either from the embryo or female reproductive tract and pressure exerted on the zona by expansion of the blastocyst. Two methods of zona manipulation were already in use to enhance the ability of embryos to hatch: mechanical PZD and chemical ZD by acidic Tyrode's solution. But several controversies of each method have been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pronase for mouse embryo hatching. Methods: Mouse embryos were obtained following ovulation induction of $F_1$ animals. Fresh and cryo-thawed morula embryos were exposed to 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 ${\mu}g/ml$ pronase in Ham's F10 for 72 hrs. Main outcome measures were the rates of partial hatching and completely hatched blastocysts, and cell number of it. Results: In fresh and cryo-thawed group, the rates of completely hatched blastocyst were significantly higher in 5 ${\mu}g/ml$ pronase treatment group than control group. There was no difference in completely hatched blastocyst total cell number between pronase treatment group and control group. This suggest that pronase treatment did not harmful in mouse embryo development. In pronase treatment group, zona pellucida were thinner than control group. Conclusion: The addition of pronase to culture media may accelerate the hatching of embryo. So, enzymatic treatment of the zona may provide a valuable and effective assisted hatching technique for human in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.
생쥐 모델을 이용한 배아의 할구 생검법과 할구가 생검된 배아의 배양시 공배양 효과에 관한 연구: 인간에서의 착상 전 유전진단 기술 개발을 위한 동물실험 모델의 개발
김석현,류범용,지병철,최성미,김희선,방명걸,오선경,서창석,최영민,김정구,문신용,이진용,채희동,김정훈,Kim, S.H.,Ryu, B.Y.,Jee, B.C.,Choi, S.M.,Kim, H.S.,Pang, M.G.,Oh, S.K.,Suh, C.S.,Choi, Y.M.,Kim, J.G.,Moon, S.Y.,Lee, J.Y.,Chae, H.D.,Kim, C.H. 대한생식의학회 1999 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.26 No.1
The genetic defects in human gametes and embryos can cause adverse effects on overall reproductive events. Biopsy of embryos for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) offers a new possibility of having children free of the genetic disease. In addition, advanced embryo culture method may enhance the effectiveness of embryo biopsy for the practical application of PGD. This experimental study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of coculture on the development in vitro of biopsied mouse embryos as a preclinical model for PGD of human embryos. Embryos were obtained after in vitro fertilization (IVF) from F1 hybrid mice (C57BLfemale/CBAmale). Using micromanipulation, 1, 2, 3 or 4 blastomeres of 8-cell stage embryos were aspirated through a hole made in the zona pellucida by zona drilling (ZD) with acidic Tyrode's solution (ATS). After biopsy of blastomeres, embryos were cultured in vitro for 110 hours in Ham's F-10 supplemented with 0.4% BSA or cocultured on the monolayer of Vero cells in the same medium. The frequence of blastocyst formation were recorded, and the embryos beyond blastocyst stage were stained with 10% Giemsa to count the total number of nuclei in each embryo. There was no significant difference in the blastocyst formation between the zona intact control group and the zona drilling (ZD) only, or biopsied groups. The hatching rate of all the treatment groups except 4/8 group was significantly higher than that of control group. In all the treatment groups, there was a significant reduction in the mean cell number of embryos beyond blastocyst stage ($50.2{\pm}14.0$ in control group vs. $41.2{\pm}7.9$ in ZD, $39.3{\pm}8.8$ in 7/8, $29.7{\pm}6.4$ in 6/8, $25.1{\pm}5.7$ in 5/8, and $22.1{\pm}4.3$ in 4/8 groups, p<0.05). When the same treatments were followed by coculture with Vero cells, a similar pattern was seen in the blastocyst formation and the hatching rate. However, in all the treatment groups, there was a significant increase in the mean cell number of embryos beyond blastocyst stage with coculture, compared with the parallel groups without coculture. In the cleavage rate of biopsied blastomeres cultured for 110 hours after IVF, there was no significant difference between coculture and non-coculture groups (87.2% vs. 78.7%). However, the mean cell number of embryos developed from the biopsied blastomeres was significantly higher in coculture group ($11.5{\pm}4.7\;vs.\;5.9{\pm}1.9$, p<0.05). In conclusion, biopsy of mouse embryos after ZD with ATS is a safe and highly efficient method for PGD, and coculture with Vero cells showed a positive effect on the development in vitro of biopsied mouse embryos and blastomeres as a preclinical model for PGD of human embryos.
착상 전 유전진단 기술 개발의 동물실험 모델로서 할구 생검된 생쥐 배아에서 동결보존 융해 후 배아 발생 양상과 공배양 효과에 관한 연구
김석현,김희선,류범용,최성미,방명걸,오선경,지병철,서창석,최영민,김정구,문신용,이진용,채희동,김정훈,Kim, Seok-Hyun,Kim, Hee-Sun,Ryu, Buom-Yong,Choi, Sung-Mi,Pang, Myung-Geol,Oh, Sun-Kyung,Jee, Byung-Chul,Suh, Chang-Suk,Choi, Young-Min,Kim, Jung 대한생식의학회 2000 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.27 No.1
Objective: The effects of cryopreservation with or without coculture on the in vitro development of blastomere-biopsied 8-cell mouse embryos were investigated. This experimental study was originally designed for the setup of a preclinical mouse model for the preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) in human. Methods: Eight-cell embryos were obtained after in vitro fertilization (IVF) from F1 hybrid mice (C57BL(표현불가)/CBA(표현불가)). Using micromanipulation, one to four blastomeres were aspirated through a hole made in the zona pellucida by zona drilling (ZD) with acid Tyrode's solution (ATS). A slow-freezing and rapid-thawing protocol with 1.5M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 0.1M sucrose as cryoprotectant was used for the cryopreservation of blastomere- biopsied 8-cell mouse embryos. After thawing, embryos were cultured for 110 hours in Ham's F-10 supplemented with 0.4% bovine serum albumin (BSA). In the coculture group, embryos were cultured for 110 hours on the monolayer of Vero cells in the same medium. The blastocyst formation was recorded, and the embryos developed beyond blastocyst stage were stained with 10% Giemsa to count the total number of nuclei in each embryo. Results: The survival rate of embryos after cryopreservation was significantly lower in the blastomere-biopsied (7/8, 6/8, 5/8, and 4/8 embryos) groups than in the non-biopsied, zona intact (ZI) group. Without the coculture, the blastocyst formation rate of embryos after cryopreservation was not significantly different among ZI, the zona drilling only (ZD), and the balstomere-biopsied groups, but it was significantly lower than in the non-cryopreserved control group. The mean number of cells in embryos beyond blastocyst stage was significantly higher in the control group ($50.2{\pm}14.0$) than in 6/8 ($26.5{\pm}6.2$), 5/8 ($25.0{\pm}5.5$), and 4/8 ($17.8{\pm}7.8$) groups. With the coculture using Vero cells, the blastocyst formation rate of embryos after cryopreservation was significantly lower in 5/8 and 4/8 groups, compared with the control, 7/8, and 6/8 groups. The mean number of cells in embryos beyond blastocyst stage was also significantly lower in 4/8 group ($25.9{\pm}10.2$), compared with the control ($50.2{\pm}14.0$), 7/8 ($56.0{\pm}22.2$), and 6/8 ($55.3{\pm}25.5$) groups. Conclusion: After cryopreservation, blastomere-biopsied mouse embryos have a significantly impaired developmental competence in vitro, but this detrimental effect might be prevented by the coculture with Vero cells in 8-cell mouse embryos biopsied one or two blastomeres. Biopsy of mouse embryos after ZD with ATS is a safe and highly efficient preclinical model for PGD of human embryos.
남성인자 불임환자의 ICSI 시술 후 발생한 배아에서 Multicolor FISH 의 임상 적용을 이용한 염색체 이상의 착상 전 유전진단
김석현(Seok Hyun Kim),최성미(Sung Mi Choi),김희선(Hee Sun Kim),류범용(Buom Yong Ryu),방명걸(Myung Geol Pang),오선경(Sun Kyung Oh),구승엽(Seung Yup Ku),지병철(Byung Chul Jee),서창석(Chang Suk Suh),최영민(Young Min Choi),김정구(Jung Gu 대한산부인과학회 2000 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.43 No.9
목적 : 남성인자 불임환자에서 난자 세포질내 정자 주입술(ICSI)을 이용한 체외수정시술 결과 얻어진 인간 배아에서 생검된 할구를 대상으로 본 연구실에서 최적화시키고, 최단시간에 진단이 가능하도록 개발 향상시킨 Multicolor FISH 기법을 실제적으로 임상 적용하여 염색체의 이수배수체를 배아의 착상 전 단계에서 유전진단하고자 하였다.연구대상 및 방법 : 본 연구실에서 개발 확립되어 최적화된 Multicolor FISH 기법을 이용하여 실제적인 임상 적용 단계로서 남성인자 불임환자에서 체외수정시술시 ICSI 시술 후 발생한 배아에서 생검된 할구를 대상으로 인간의 유전질환 중 가장 대표적인 세포유전학적 원인인 염색체의 이수배수체를 배아의 착상 전 단계에서 유전진단하였다. 즉 남성인자 불임환자에서 ICSI 시술을 이용한 체외수정시술, 사출 정자, 혹은 고환에서 축출된 정자세포를 이용한 ICSI 시술, ICSI 시술 후 배아의 정상적인 수정 여부 판정 및 배아의 추가 체외배양, 배아에서의 할구 생검, 생검된 할구에서의 Multicolor FISH 기술 적용, 착상 전 유전진단, 정상 배아의 자궁내이식 및 임신 진단, 임신이 성립된 환자에서 양수검사, 배양 후 양수세포의 핵형 분석 등을 시행하였다. 결과 : 대상 환자 1: T-cell lymphoma로 항암치료를 시행받은 결과 고환 조직검사상 불량한 정자 생성 소견을 지닌 불임환자로서 체외수정시술을 시행하여 20개의 난자가 채취되었으며, 고환 생검에서 얻은 정자를 이용하여 ICSI 시술을 실시한 결과 2PN 배아 14개를 얻었다. 6-8-세포기에 도달한 9개의 배아에서 각각 1개씩의 할구 생검을 성공적으로 실시한 후 생검된 할구를 대상으로 Multicolor FISH를 시행하였다. 체외배양 제5일에 Multicolor FISH 시행 결과 정상 이었던 포배기 배아 3개와 FISH 검사상 정확한 signal을 얻을 수 없었던 배아 중 정상적인 배아 발달을 보인 포배기 배아 2개, 총 5개의 배아를 자궁내이식하였다. 임신 제5주에 질식 초음파검사상 1개의 자궁강내 태낭을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 임신 제7주에 태아의 심박동을 확인하였다. 임신 제16주에 실시한 양수천자를 이용한 염색체검사 결과는 정상 이었다. 대상 환자 2: 요도하열증으로 누공제거술을 시행받은 과거력이 있는 희소무력정자증 불임환자로서 염색체검사 결과는 46,XX[23]/ 46,XY[67] 이었다. 체외수정시술을 시행하여 20개의 난자가 채취되었으며, ICSI 시술을 실시한 결과 2PN 배아 12개를 얻었다. 8개의 배아에서 각각 1개씩의 할구 생검을 성공적으로 실시한 후 Multicolor FISH를 시행한 결과 7개의 할구에서 정상 염색체 소견을 나타내었다. 체외배양 제5일에 Multicolor FISH 시행 결과 정상 이었던 8-세포기 배아 1개, 상실기 배아 1개, 포배기 배아 2개, 총 4개의 배아를 자궁내이식하였다. 배아 이식 후 제11일에 혈중 β-hCG 농도를 측정한 결과 3 mIU/ml 이하로서 임신 성립에 실패하였다.결론 : 염색체 이상 가능성이 높은 남성인자 불임환자에서 ICSI 시술시 Multicolor FISH를 이용한 착상 전 유전진단 기술은 정상 임신을 이루기 위한 유용한 임상적 진단 기법이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 동시에 정상 배아만을 자궁강내로 이식함으로써 임신 성공율도 증대시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구 결과 인간의 유전질환 중 가장 대표적인 세포유전학적 원인인 이수배수체 등의 염색체 이상을 배아의 착상 전 단계에서 유전진단할 수 있는 Multicolor FISH 기술이 성공적으로 개발 확립되었다. Objective : The genetic defects in human gametes and embryos can cause the adverse effects on overall reproductive events. Biopsy of embryos for preimplantation genetic diagnosis(PGD) offers a new possibility of having children free of the genetic disease. This study was performed for the clinical application of Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH) to make a diagnosis of chromosomal aneuploidy, one of the most frequent cytogenetic abnormalities, in the biopsied blastomeres of human embryos. Materials and Methods : Clinical PGD of chromosomal aneuploidy with the Multicolor FISH technique which was recently developed and optimized in our laboratory was performed in the biopsied blastomeres of human embryos obtained from in vitro fertilization(IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) using the ejaculated and testicular sperms in the severe male factor infertility couples. Results : Normal pregnancy was achieved after intrauterine transfer of the chromosomally normal embryos excluding the embryos with aneuploidy diagnosed successfully by PGD with the multicolor FISH technique, and confirmed by karyotyping of the cultured amniocytes after amniocentesis. As a result, the clinical efficacy of multicolor FISH directly applied to the chromosome analysis of embryos obtained from IVF was confirmed. Conclusion : PGD with Multicolor FISH can be an efficacious diagnostic technique in the establishment of normal pregnancy, especially when it is applied to the male factor infertility couples who are at high risk of having aneuploid offsprings. In addition, PGD makes it possible to achieve a higher pregnancy rate with the selection and transfer of normal embryos, compared with the conventional IVF with ICSI.