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노의정,정은희,이미희,이수진,윤유숙,이재호,우성일,한윤수,박준수,김한진 대한 소아알레르기 호흡기학회 2008 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.18 No.1
Purpose:Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency requiring immediate recognition and treatment. Despite the serious nature of these reactions, there is no universal agreement on the definition and there have been few epidemiologic studies of anaphylaxis in children. The purpose of the study is to investigate the causative agents, presenting signs and symptoms and course of disease in children suitable for established diagnostic criteria for anaphylaxis in the middle area of South Korea. Methods:We identified potential episodes of anaphylaxis occuring between March 1994 and October 2007 from the university hospitals in the middle area of South Korea. We reviewed all patients' medical records diagnosed with anaphylaxis and other related diagnoses. From chart review, we retrospectively collected demographic and epidemiologic data. Results:We identified 40 patients with anaphylaxis. Patients' ages ranged from 2 months to 17 years, with a mean age of 6.6 years. A causative agent was recognized in 84.5%. The inciting agent included foods in 26 cases (65%), medication in 7 cases (17.5%) and bee sting in 1 case (2.5%). Mucocutaneous manifestations were the most common, respiratory symptoms were in 35 patients, cardiovascular symptoms were in 8 patients, and gastrointestinal symptoms were in 5 patients. Conclusion:We found some cases of anaphylaxis which had misdiagnosed as urticaria or angioedema using the established diagnostic criteria. Therefore, clinicians must accurately know the criteria of anaphylaxis and make an effort to identify cases of anaphylaxis with a high suspicion. Also, we found the epidemiology, causative agents, and symptoms and treatments of anaphylaxis in the middle area of South Korea. Our data will be the basis for anaphylactic studies in South Korea. Purpose:Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency requiring immediate recognition and treatment. Despite the serious nature of these reactions, there is no universal agreement on the definition and there have been few epidemiologic studies of anaphylaxis in children. The purpose of the study is to investigate the causative agents, presenting signs and symptoms and course of disease in children suitable for established diagnostic criteria for anaphylaxis in the middle area of South Korea. Methods:We identified potential episodes of anaphylaxis occuring between March 1994 and October 2007 from the university hospitals in the middle area of South Korea. We reviewed all patients' medical records diagnosed with anaphylaxis and other related diagnoses. From chart review, we retrospectively collected demographic and epidemiologic data. Results:We identified 40 patients with anaphylaxis. Patients' ages ranged from 2 months to 17 years, with a mean age of 6.6 years. A causative agent was recognized in 84.5%. The inciting agent included foods in 26 cases (65%), medication in 7 cases (17.5%) and bee sting in 1 case (2.5%). Mucocutaneous manifestations were the most common, respiratory symptoms were in 35 patients, cardiovascular symptoms were in 8 patients, and gastrointestinal symptoms were in 5 patients. Conclusion:We found some cases of anaphylaxis which had misdiagnosed as urticaria or angioedema using the established diagnostic criteria. Therefore, clinicians must accurately know the criteria of anaphylaxis and make an effort to identify cases of anaphylaxis with a high suspicion. Also, we found the epidemiology, causative agents, and symptoms and treatments of anaphylaxis in the middle area of South Korea. Our data will be the basis for anaphylactic studies in South Korea.
이학노(Hak Loh Lee),한진현(Jin-Hyun Han),이명훈(Myung Hoon Yi) 에너지경제연구원 2010 에너지경제연구 Vol.9 No.2
전력피크 방정식의 회귀분석 결과와 분산분해분석 결과에 의하면 전력피크는 과거의 관성적인 전력사용 행태에 가장 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 분석됐다. 그리고 전력피크는 고온과 저온 및 GDP와 양의 관계를 갖고, 전기요금에 음의 관계를 가지며, 전기와 도시가스는 대체재의 관계를 갖는 것으로 분석됐다. 단기예측 결과 2010년의 하계 전력 피크는 8월에 68,993∼69,732㎿의 수준을 보일 것으로 예측되어 전력예비율은 7.4∼8.4%수준으로 전망됐다. 이러한 전력피크에 대한 체계적인 관리를 위해서 수요관리정책, 절전정책, 가격정책, 전력 감축 기자재 보급정책, 에너지 효율화정책, 직접부하관리 정책 등 전통적인 기법에 기초한 수요관리정책뿐만 아니라 인센티브 기반 수요반응, 요금제 기반 수요반응, 스마트그리드 기반 수요반응 등 시장경제원리에 기초한 수요반응정책도 함께 추구해야 할 것이다. Regression analysis and variance decomposition on electricity peak show that electricity peaks are mainly affected by their past behaviors, and also show that electricity peaks are positively related with the hot and cold weather and GDP, negatively related with electricity price. And electricity is a substitute for city gas. According to the short run prediction, summer electricity peak of 2010 will happen in August and it will range from 68,993∼69,732㎿, which corresponds to 7.4∼8.4% reserve margin. The policy responses on electricity peaks will be not only the demand management of electricity, saving electricity, electricity price increase, but also incentive compatible demand response, price compatible demand response, smart grid based demand response.