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서울과 백령도의 대기 중 입자상 수은의 분포 특성 및 발생원 추정연구
노샘,박광수,김혁,유석민,임용재,이민도,석광설,김영희 한국환경분석학회 2018 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.21 No.4
PM2.5-bound mercury (PBM) was monitored at weekly intervals for three years (from 2014 to 2016) at an urban (Seoul) and rural site (Baengnyeong) in South Korea. The average PBM concentrations in PM2.5 samples over the entire sampling period were 12±11 pg/m3 and 36±34 pg/m3 for Baengnyeong and Seoul, respectively. Seasonal differences were pronounced, with concentrations being highest in winter due to local meteorological conditions (high gas-particle coefficient due to low temperature and low mixing layer height in winter) as well as seasonal factors, such as coal combustion for heating purposes in China. In Baengnyeong, the significant positive correlation of PBM with PM2.5, air pollutants, and heavy metals suggested that coal combustion in China might be the most important source of ambient mercury in Korea. In winter, no correlation of PBM with PM2.5, air pollutants, and heavy metals was seen in Seoul. Furthermore, Seoul showed higher PBM/PM2.5 and Pb/PM2.5 ratios in winter due to the strong atmospheric oxidation-reduction reaction conditions as well as local and regional PBM sources. We conclude that immediate attention must be given to addressing PBM levels in Korea, including considering it as a key component of future air quality monitoring activities and mitigation measures
안정동위원소를 이용한 이동오염원에 의한 대기 중 NO<sub>2</sub>의 거동특성 연구
박광수,김혁,유석민,노샘,박유미,석광설,김민섭,윤숙희,김영희,Park, Kwang-Su,Kim, Hyuk,Yu, Suk-Min,Noh, Seam,Park, Yu-Mi,Seok, Kwang-Seol,Kim, Min-Seob,Yoon, Suk Hee,Kim, Young-Hee 한국분석과학회 2019 분석과학 Vol.32 No.1
질소산화물(NOx)은 인위적 배출원(화석연료 연소, 이동오염원, 산업배출원 등)과 자연배출원(번개, 생물기원 토양, 산불 등)으로부터 배출된다. 질소안정동위원소를 이용한 분석 기법은 배출원의 기여도 및 추적 인자로 활용되어 왔다. 본 연구는 NOx의 특성을 보기 위하여 ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$를 측정하였으며 배출원의 동위원소 특성을 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 시료채취가 용이한 Ogawa PAS를 이용하여 대기 중 가스상 질소를 포집하여 안정동위원소를 분석하였다. 도심지역 터널내부의 평균 $NO_2$ 농도는 $3808.8{\pm}2656.5ppbv$이며, ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$ 값은 $7.7{\pm}1.8$‰를 나타내며 일반적인 이동오염원의 값을 나타냈다. 고속도로의 이동오염원으로부터 거리에 따른 결과, 고속도로와 인접한 지점의 $NO_2$ 농도는 $965.4{\pm}125.2ppbv$이며 ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$는 $5.9{\pm}1.4$‰이었고, 1.1 km 떨어진 지점의 $NO_2$ 농도는 $372.5{\pm}95.9ppbv$이며 ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$는 $-11.5{\pm}2.9$‰로 고속도로인근의 값이 높게 나타내었다. 고속도로부터 이동오염원 기여율을 보기 위하여 binary mixing model을 수행하였으며 고속도로와 근접할수록 기여율, 농도 및 동위원소가 높게 나타나는 경향을 나타냈다. Sources of NOx are both anthropogenic (e.g. fossil fuel combustion, vehicles, and other industrial processes) and natural (e.g. lightning, biogenic soil processes, and wildfires). The nitrogen stable isotope ratio of NOx has been proposed as an indicator for NOx source partitioning, which would help identify the contributions of various NOx sources. In this study, the ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$ values of vehicle emissions were measured in an urban region, to understand the sources and processes that influence the isotopic composition of NOx emissions. The Ogawa passive air sampler was used to determine the isotopic composition of $NO_2$(g). In urban tunnels, the observed $NO_2$ concentration and ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$ values averaged $3809{\pm}2656ppbv$ and $7.7{\pm}1.8$‰, respectively. The observed ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$ values are associated with slight regional variations in the vehicular $NO_2$ source. Both $NO_2$ concentration and ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$ values were significantly higher near the expressway ($965{\pm}125ppbv$ and $5.9{\pm}1.4$‰) than at 1.1 km from the expressway ($372{\pm}96ppbv$ and $-11.5{\pm}2.9$‰), indicating a high proportion of vehicle emissions. Ambient ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$ values were used in a binary mixing model to estimate the percentage of the ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$ value contributed by vehicular NOx emissions. The calculated percentage of the ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$ contribution by vehicles was significantly higher close to the highway, as observed for the $NO_2$ concentration and ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$.
경구노출을 통한 어린이용품 중 중금속류 노출 및 위해성 평가
심기태 ( Ki-tae Sim ),노샘 ( Seam Noh ),송기봉 ( Ki-bong Song ),김일규 ( Il-gyu Kim ),석광설 ( Kwang-seol Seok ),김동훈 ( Dong-hoon Kim ) 한국환경분석학회 2017 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.20 No.2
In this study, we evaluate the levels of 6 heavy metals (barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and nickel) in domestically distributed children`s products. We particularly focus on estimating the risk of oral exposure caused by the sucking behavior of 6-month and older infants. Our research shows that the levels of cadmium and lead in paint-coated toy products, relative accessories, and picture books exceeds domestic safety standards. Concentration of cadmium and lead is highest in the case of paint-coated toy products and accessories. The highest concentrations of cadmium, chromium, copper, and lead are observed in clay toys as the result of transferred amount due to the sucking action. Risk evaluation of direct ingestion of heavy metals shows the possibility of adverse effects caused by cadmium, lead, and nickel in accessories. In case of nondiets, the risk of oral toxicity was evaluated as being hazardous from cadmium and copper in clay toys. On comparing domestic and overseas regulatory standards, it was found that some substances exceeded the recommended standards. Most of these products are unauthorized products and their production must be regulated. This study can be used to reference data for prevention of child health hazards through the assessment of potential hazard level of heavy metals in child products.
이명섭,조민정,이수민,이승화,변진여,유석민,정인영,노샘,김현정,박경화,신선경,박유미 한국환경분석학회 2023 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.26 No.4
Over the past few decades, historic-use pesticides (HUPs), as commonly known as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), have been widely used in agricultural fields. Since these chemicals were banned throughout the world due to their environmental persistence, toxicity, and long-range atmospheric transport, however, current-use pesticides (CUPs) have been used as alternatives, and today both HUPs and CUPs are frequently detected in the environment. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the characteristics of HUPs and CUPs by exploring the target pesticides in the atmosphere. In this study, samples were collected at three main sites in South Korea for three consecutive days every month for one year. The annual concentrations in the atmosphere were 184.97±15.83 pg/m3 for HUPs and 1,226.43±1,333.47 pg/m3 for CUPs. The concentration distributions showed that most HUPs and CUPs reached the highest levels in summer, while falling to the lowest levels in winter. The results of the concentration levels with spatial and seasonal variations indicate that the emission sources of these pesticides were influenced by long-range atmospheric transport from a contaminated area and/or re-volatilization related to regional factors. These findings can potentially serve as a preliminary assessment tool for identifying the origins of these pesticides in the atmosphere.