베리류 열매 착즙액의 항산화 및 항균 활성

남진식,한영진,여수민,Nam, Jin-Sik,Han, Young-Jin,Yeo, Soo-Min 한국식품영양학회 2015 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.28 No.2

본 연구에서는 유기용매 추출물이 아닌 베리 열매 자체의 생리활성에 관한 정보와 천연보존료 및 건강기능식품 개발의 가능성을 모색하는데 기초자료를 제공하고자 다양한 종류의 베리 열매 착즙액의 항산화, 항균 작용 및 균 생육억제 효과를 비교 조사하였다. 총 폴리페놀은 체리, 아로니아 및 크랜베리가 다른 베리류에 비해 높게 함유되어 있었으며, 각 농도별로 측정한 베리 착즙액의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 모든 시료에서 농도에 따라 높아졌다. 특히, 아로니아, 크랜베리 및 라즈베리의 소거능이 다른 베리류에 비해 높은 것으로 확인되었다. FRAP 활성은 6가지 베리 열매 중 아로니아의 활성이 모든 농도에서 가장 높았으며, 100% 아로니아 착즙액의 FRAP 활성은 25% 포도 착즙액의 5배 이상이었다. 베리 열매 착즙액의 식중독 원인균에 대한 항균활성은 크랜베리와 라즈베리가 대부분의 식중독 균에 대해 활성을 나타내었으며, 대부분의 베리 열매 착즙액이 그람양성균보다 그람음성균에 대한 생육저해활성이 더 큰 것으로 확인되었다. 크랜베리와 라즈베리의 농도별 항균활성은 원액과 75%의 농도에서만 각각 7가지, 6가지 식중독 균에 대해 생육저해를 보였고, 50%, 25%의 농도에서는 식중독 균 중 일부만 생육저해를 나타내었으며, 10% 이하의 농도에서는 모든 식중독 원인균에 대한 항균활성을 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 아로니아, 크랜베리 및 라즈베리는 다른 베리에 비해 높은 항산화 및 항균활성을 보임으로써 천연보존료 및 기능성식품 소재로써의 이용성이 높을 것으로 판단된다. This study was performed to evaluate and compare the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of various berry juices (cherry, grape, blueberry, aronia, cranberry, and raspberry). The cherry, aronia, and cranberry juices included higher levels of total polyphenol than the other berry juices. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of various berry juices increased according to the juices concentration. The scavenging activity of DPPH radicals by the aronia, cranberry, and raspberry juices was higher than those of other samples and was in the following order: aronia > cranberry > raspberry. The FRAP values of 100% aronia juice was the highest among the samples, which was more than five times higher than grape juice at a concentration of 25%. The cranberry and raspberry juices exhibited a strong inhibitory effect against important food-borne bacteria, and in general, the berry juices inhibited the growth of Gram-negative bacteria more than that of Gram-positive bacteria. The cranberry and raspberry juices exhibited high antimicrobial activities against important food-borne bacteria at a concentration of 100% and 75%, however, they did not affect food-borne bacteria at a concentration below 10%. These results suggest that aronia, cranberry, and raspberry may be used effectively as natural additives and as functional foods due to their high antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

아마인과 아마인유의 영양성분과 물리화학적 특성

남진식 ( Jin Sik Nam ) 한국식품영양학회 2010 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.23 No.4

Flaxseed has recently gained attention as a functional food. In this paper, physicochemical analyses of flaxseed and its oil were performed. Crude fat content ranged from 37~43%, moisture 0.2~6.8%, carbohydrate 30~35%, crude protein 18~23%, and crude ash 3~4%. Flaxseed is also an important source of dietary fiber. The TDF(total dietary fiber) contents of the flaxseed samples were 28~31%, and the SDF(souble dietary fiber) content of roasted flaxseeds was higher than that of raw flaxseeds. The major minerals found in flaxseed were calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphate. The flaxseeds were rich in γ-tocopherol with 234.3㎎/㎏ in raw brown flaxseed and 134.1㎎/㎏ in raw gold flaxseed, respectively. Roasted flaxseeds showed slightly lower vitamin and amino acid contents than those of the raw samples. The iodine, saponification, and acid values of brown flaxseed oil were 204.1g/100g, 193.6㎎/g, and 1.59㎎/g, and for gold flaxseed oil were 203.0g/100g, 189.9㎎/g, and 2.35㎎/g, respectively. α-Linolenic acid(ALA, C18: 3n-3) was highly concentrated in the flaxseed oil, which constituted about 55.5~56.1% of total fatty acids. Thus, flaxseed oil is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids and beneficial for the heart. Flaxseed contains high levels of dietary fiber including lignans, as well as minerals and vitamins, which may have antioxidant actions and help protect against certain cancers.

Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry를 이용한 조제분유의 9종 무기질 분석법의 유효성 검증

황진봉 ( Jin Bong Hwang ),남궁배 ( Gung Bae Nam ),오미라 ( Mi Ra Oh ),김소영 ( So Young Kim ),심유신 ( You Shin Shim ),김세나 ( Se Na Kim ),최용민 ( Young Min Choi ),남진식 ( Jin Sik Nam ) 한국산업식품공학회 2014 산업 식품공학 Vol.18 No.3

The analytical method for the determination of minerals (sodium, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, and zinc) in both infant and adult nutritional formulas, using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, was validated in terms of precision, accuracy, and linearity. Certified reference material 1849a, purchased from national institute of standards & technology, was used for the infant and adult nutritional formula. All calibration curves exhibited strong correlation linearity (r 2=0.9999) within the tested ranges. The recovery values of mineral compounds ranged from 90.35 to 110.63%, and the limit of detection and of quantification was less than 0.1005 mg/kg and 0.3351 mg/kg, respectively. The inter-day precision (n=12) values ranged from 1.19 to 18.19%, and intra-day precision (n=3) values ranged from 0.09 to 4.80%. Therefore, microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry were useful analytical methods for 9 types of minerals in food. The analytical methods verified in this study may be used to build up a food composition database for national health promotion.

유전자 조작 , 균주분리 Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018 의 Shuttle Vector 개발을 위한 분자유전학적 연구

유민,남진식,권오식,백영진 ( Min Yoo,Jin Sik Nam,Oh Sik Kwon,Young Jin Baek ) 한국미생물생명공학회 1997 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.25 No.5

생애주기에 따른 갈색거저리의 식품성분 변화

이주혜,이지윤,황진봉,남진식,한혜경,김소민,임정연,최용민,김행란,김세나,Lee, Ju-Hye,Lee, Jiyoon,Whang, Jinbong,Nam, Jin-Sik,Han, Hye-Kyung,Kim, So-Min,Im, Jeong Yeon,Choi, Youngmin,Kim, Haeng Ran,Kim, Se-Na 한국식품조리과학회 2016 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.32 No.5

Purpose: This study was aimed to compare the nutritional content of the life stages of Tenebrio molitor. Methods: Nutritional element analysis comprised 12 minerals, 18 amino acids, 4 vitamins, and 12 fatty acids in larval, pupal, and adult stages. Nutritional element content was expressed as a percentage of 100 g of sample and determined in raw and freeze-dried samples to assess the food value of the insect. Results: Moisture, crude protein, and crude fat contents in raw samples were 63.5%, 23.19%, and 3.96%, respectively. Moisture content was significantly higher in the adult stage than in larval and pupal stages, whereas crude fat and crude ash contents were lower. Mineral composition of the mealworm showed K, P, and Mg in decreasing order of content, with no differences among life stages. Total amino acid content increased from adult, pupal to larval stages, in order with each stage's growth, without difference in amino acid composition. Seventy-six to 78% of total fatty acid corresponded to unsaturated fatty acids, with oleic acid as the most abundant. In addition, fatty acid content was high in the adult stage, and clear differences were observed between life stages. Finally, vitamins B1 and B3 showed similar content between life stages, whereas vitamin B2 showed a higher content the adult than larval and pupal stages. A higher folate content was observed in pupal and adult stages than in the larval stage. Although freeze-dried samples showed a higher nutritional content than raw samples, both samples were similar in composition and content between life stages, suggesting the suitability of freeze-dried samples for use as food materials. Conclusion: These results may provide a basis for more diversified industrial applications of the Tenebrio molitor.

흰색과 갈색 팽이버섯(Flammulina velutipes)의 영양성분 및 용매별 추출물의 항산화 활성

홍형석,강내경,이종헌,최용민,남진식,Hong, Hyung-Seok,Kang, Nae-Kyoung,Lee, Jong-Hun,Choi, Youngmin,Nam, Jin-Sik 한국식품영양학회 2022 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.35 No.5

This study was conducted to determine the proximate compositions, nutritional components, and antioxidant effects of white and brown enoki mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes). The crude protein and carbohydrate contents were higher in the brown than white mushrooms, whereas the moisture, crude ash, crude lipid, and dietary fiber levels were lower. The mineral contents of the white mushroom was higher than levels obtained in the brown mushroom for the detected components (Ca, Cu, K, Mn, Na, and P). The amount of vitamin B₃ in the brown mushroom was 1.51 mg/100 g, which was 4.5 times higher than that in the white mushroom. The major fatty acids detected were palmitic acid, linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were highest in 70% ethanol extracts of the white and brown mushrooms, respectively. For the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, a 70% methanol extract of the white enoki mushrooms showed an activity of 76.4% (p<0.05). For the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity, a 70% methanol extract of the brown enoki mushrooms showed the highest value. Further, the total flavonoid contents were significantly correlated with the DPPH and FRAP activities.

봄철 야채의 영양성분 비교

김영섭(Yong-Xie Jin),최애진(Aejin Choi),최용민(Youngmin Choi),서동원(Dongwon Seo),남진식(Jin-Sik Nam),김세나(Se-Na Kim) 한국지역사회생활과학회 2016 한국지역사회생활과학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2016 No.10

Pseudomonas chlororaphis HS21에 의한 식물유로부터 Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates 생합성이 미치는 포도당 및 아크릴산의 첨가 효과

정문규,윤혜선,김형우,남진식,정정욱,이영하,Chung Moon-Gyu,Yun Hye Sun,Kim Hyung Woo,Nam Jin Sik,Chung Chung Wook,Rhee Young Ha 한국미생물학회 2005 미생물학회지 Vol.41 No.3

식물유를 탄소원으로 사용하여 medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (MCL-PHAs)를 생산할 수 있는 Pseudomonas chlororaphis HS21을 대상으로 대사경로의 변화를 통하여 식물유의 MCL-PHA로의 전환율을 증진시키고 MCL-PHAs의 단위체 조성의 변화를 유도하기 위한 방안을 모색하였다. P. chlororaphis HS21의 MCL-PHAs 생합성은 세포생장과 동시에 일어나는 특징을 보였으며, 팜유를 유일 탄소원으로 사용한 회분배양의 결과 2.4 g/L의 건체량과 건체량의 $40.2\;wt{\%}$에 해당하는 MCL-PHAs를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 생합성된 MCL-PHAs의 단위체는 3-hydroxyhexanoate($7.0\;mol{\%}$, 3-hydroxyoctanoate ($45.3\;mol{\%}$. 3-hydroxydecanoate ($39.0\;mol{\%}$), 3-hydroxydodecanoate ($6.8\;mol{\%}$) 및 3-hydroxytetradecanoate ($1.9\;mol{\%}$)로 구성되어 있었다. 식물유와는 달리 포도당과 같은 탄수화물은 P. chlororaphis HS21의 생장에는 이용되지만 MCL-PHAs의 생합성에는 거의 이용되지 못하는 탄소원임을 확인하고, 식물유와 함께 포도당을 보조기질로 공급한 결과 식물유의 MCL-PHAs로의 전환율이 크게 증가함으로써, PHA 생산에 직접적으로 이용되지 못하는 보조기질의 사용을 통하여 특정 기능기를 함유하는 기질로부터 해당 기능기를 갖는 MCL-PHAs를 효율적으로 생산할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 지방산의 ${\beta}-oxidation$ 회로를 방해하는 아크릴산을 첨가할 경우 아크릴산의 독성에 의하여 세포생장은 저해를 받지만 세포 내 MCL-PHAs의 축적율은 감소하지 않았으며, MCL-PHAs를 구성하는 단위체 중 3-hydroxydo-decanoate 및 3-hydroxytetradecanoate와 같이 탄소수가 보다 큰 단위체의 함량이 크게 증가하였다. 이러한 특징에 의해 해바라기유와 옥수수유로부터는 3-hydroxydodecenoate, 3-hydroxytetradecenoate와 같은 불포화 단위체의 함량이 크게 증가된 기능성 MCL-PHAs를 생산할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 아크릴산의 첨가와 같은 PHA 대사경로의 인위적 변화가 새로운 단위체 조성을 갖거나 기능기를 가짐으로써 독특한 물성을 지니는 신규의 MCL-PHAs 개발에 유용할 수 있음을 보여준다. The characteristics of cell growth and medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (MCL-PHA) biosynthesis of Pseudomonas chlororaphis HS21 were investigated using plant oils as the carbon substrate. The organism was efficiently capable of utilizing plant oils, such as palm oil, corn oil, and sunflower oil, as the sole carbon source for growth and MCL-PHA production. When palm oil (5 g/L) was used as the carbon source, the cell growth and MCL-PHA accumulation of this organism occurred simultaneously, and a high dry cell weight (2.4 g/L) and MCL-PHA ($40.2\;mol{\%}$ of dry cell weight) was achieved after 30 hr of batch-fermentation. The repeating unit in the MCL-PHA produced from palm oil composed of 3-hydroxyhexanoate ($7.0\;mol{\%}$), 3-hydroxyoctanoate ($45.3\;mol{\%}$), 3-hydroxydecanoate ($39.0\;mol{\%}$), 3-hydroxydodecanoate ($6.8\;mol{\%}$), and 3-hydroxytetradecanoate ($1.9\;mol{\%}$), as determined by GC/MS. Even though glucose was a carbon substrate that support cell growth but not PHA production, the conversion rate of palm oil to PHA was significantly increased when glucose was fed as a cosubstrate, suggesting that bioconversion of some functionalized carbon substrates to related polymers in P chlororaphis HS21 could be enhanced by the co-feed of good carbon substrates for cell growth. In addition, the change of compositions of repeating units in MCL-PHAs synthesized from the plant oils was markedly affected by the supplementation of acrylic acid, an inhibitor of fatty acid ${\beta}-oxidation$. The addition of acrylic acid resulted in the increase of longer chain-length repeating units, such as 3-hydroxydodecanoate and 3-hydroxytetradecanoate, in the MCL-PHAs produced. Particularly, MCI-PHAs containing high amounts of unsaturated repeating units could be produced when sunflower oil and corn oil were used as the carbon substrate. These results suggested that the alteration of PHA synthesis pathway by acrylic acid addition can offer the opportunity to design new functional MCL-PHAs and other unusual polyesters that have unique physico-chemical properties.

열처리방법에 따른 한지형 및 난지형 마늘의 영양성분 변화

이주혜,이지윤,황진봉,남진식,이준수,김소민,한혜경,최용민,김세나,김행란,Lee, Ju-Hye,Lee, Jiyoon,Whang, Jinbong,Nam, Jin-Sik,Lee, Junsoo,Kim, So-Min,Han, Hye-Kyung,Choi, Youngmin,Kim, Se-Na,Kim, Haeng Ran 한국식품조리과학회 2016 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.32 No.3

Purpose: To provide the public with nutritional information on consumption types of garlic, we evaluated the influence of heat treatment method on the nutritional contents of different species of garlic. Methods: We determined the content of general components, minerals, vitamins, and fatty acids in each species of garlic produced in Seosan and Goheung by heating with blanching or microwave roasting. Results: The results of the two-way analysis of variance test indicated that the species in particular, as well as method of heat treatment and interaction, had an influence on nutritional content. The moisture and crude fat content was higher in Southern type garlic than in Northern type garlic, while crude proteins, crude ash, and dietary fibers were more abundant in Northern type garlic than in Southern type garlic. With regard to the total mineral content, K, P, Mg, and Ca were the main components in Northern type garlic and Southern type garlic. Moreover, unsaturated fatty acids showed high levels in both Northern type garlic and Southern type garlic, with more abundant linoleic acid. Overall, Northern type garlic showed a higher content of minerals and fatty acids, while more vitamin B was present in Southern type garlic. In addition, the results indicated that the content of general components (dietary fiber excluded) was increased in both Northern type garlic and Southern type garlic upon heat treatment. Blanching resulted in increased mineral and fatty acid content in Southern type garlic and decreased content in Northern type garlic, indicative of species differences; conversely, microwave roasting contributed to an increase in the content in both Northern type garlic and Southern type garlic. Conclusion: The nutritional content of garlic is more dependent on species than the cooking method, and grilling is associated with less nutrient loss than blanching.

보검선인장과 저단선인장의 열매와 줄기 영양성분 조성

서혜지,최용민,황인국,남진식,황진봉,이기택,이준수,이지윤,김세나,Seo, Hye-Ji,Choi, Young-Min,Hwang, In-Guk,Nam, Jin-Sik,Hwang, Jin-Bong,Lee, Ki-Teak,Lee, Jun-Soo,Lee, Jiyoon,Kim, Sena 한국식품영양학회 2016 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.29 No.5

This study was conducted to analyze the nutrient compositions of stem and fruit of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (OF) and Opuntia humifusa (OH). The results of the two-way analysis of variance test indicated that the parts, varieties and parts*varieties had influence on nutrient content except crude protein, soluble dietary fiber, Fe, Se, I, vitamin E, niacin and vitamin C. Moisture and crude ash content was higher in stem than in fruit, while crude lipid and insoluble dietary content was higher in fruit than in stem. Mineral content revealed that K (1,313.67 mg% in OF, 1,351.38 mg% in OH) was the highest in fruit and Ca (5,146.29 mg% in OF, 1,388.19 mg% in OH) was the highest in stem. Vitamin C was the most abundant vitamin in the fruit of OF (199.98 mg%) and OH (187.12 mg%). Polyunsaturated fatty acid was the highest among fatty acids (66.9~70.1%), with higher content in the stem (753.89 mg%) than fruit (578.01 mg%) in OF, while higher in the fruit (1,093.63 mg%) than stem (475.07 mg%) in OH. Moisture, crude protein, Mg, Se and riboflavin was higher in OF than OH; whereas, crude lipid, insoluble dietary fiber, total dietary fiber and monounsaturated fatty acid were higher in OH than OF. These results indicated that OF and OH could be a good food source for Ca, K and Vitamin C. Also, different nutrient content by parts and varieties, can be helpful in choice of parts or varieties for consumer purposes.