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ELISA-LC/MS/MS 병행에 의한 식품 중 aflatoxins 분석
김경열,남민지,남보람,류희정,송정언,심원보,이수형,정덕화,Kim, Kyeong-Yeol,Nam, Min-Ji,Nam, Bo-Ram,Ryu, Hee-Jung,Song, Jeong-Eon,Shim, Won-Bo,Lee, Soo-Hyung,Chung, Duck-Hwa 한국환경보건학회 2010 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.36 No.1
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) have been widely used to quantify aflatoxins in food, but these methods are expensive, time-consuming, unsuitable for analysis of the routine screening of large sample numbers and require derivatization and high level techniques to perform. The objective of this study is to detect aflatoxins in a large number of foods by a high efficient analytical system of combined enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for screening and LC/MS/MS for confirmation. The samples spiked individually with aflatoxin $B_1$ (0.5 and 1.0 ng/g) and total aflatoxins (10 ng/g) were analyzed by ELISA and LC/MS/ MS, and the recoveries for ELISA and LC/MS/MS were 71.8~119.2% and 70.8~135.3%, respectively. A total of 378 samples (grains, nuts, soybean and fermented soybean foods, pepper and fermented pepper foods) were purchased from the six major cities in Korea and analyzed by ELISA-LC/MS/MS system. Twenty two (5.8%; peanut: 11, pistachio: 2, walnut: 6, almond: 1, pepper powder: 1, pepper paste: 1) out of 378 samples were screened as aflatoxin B1 positive by ELISA, but, 4 (1.1%; peanut: 2, pistachio:1, pepper powder: 1) out of the 22 samples screened were confirmed as aflatoxins positive at levels of 1.02~52.79 ng/g by LC/MS/MS. ELISA-LC/MS/MS system provides a more rapid, accurate and cost-effective method for the detection of aflatoxins in large number of samples.
김영훈(Young-Hoon Kim),남민지(Min-Ji Nam),권태진(Tae-Jin Kwon) 한국농촌경제연구원 2012 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-
Background of Research The inter-Korean agricultural cooperation executed in the 2000s is made up of three types of cooperation as follows: humanitarian aid by the government and civil society, development assistance by local government and civil society, and economic cooperation by enterprises. A number of accomplishments were made through the cooperation. First, the North Koreans" humanitarian situation has partially improved through food assistance. Second, agricultural productivity has increased through agricultural inputs such as fertilizer and technological assistance. Third, the South and the North learned lessons that strategic agricultural cooperation is required to improve the effectiveness of cooperation. However, several reflective points can be made to improve the effectiveness of inter-Korean agricultural cooperation. Method of Research We failed to set clear goals and targets for the cooperation. As a result, we could not develop methods to strategically aid when executing the programs. We did not reflect the changes in the situation coming from the special relationship between the two Koreas and the circumstances surrounding the Korean peninsula to our programs. We did not prepare alternatives for unforeseen situations. We did not sufficiently consider internal conflict among our people. We have to overcome the past failure when we start new programs. The goal of this study is to find and offer customized agricultural cooperation programs to North Korea. Research Results and Implications Implementation of the effectiveness agenda regarding inter-Korean agricultural cooperation follows, first, focusing on aid effectiveness and sustainability of outcome across all areas of the aid program and, second, using the customized cooperation approach to increase aid effectiveness of agricultural cooperation. We have identified three types of cafeteria cooperation programs suitable for North Korea. The first is the most frequent type of cooperation which reflects current economic situation and resource endowment of North Korea. The second type is an ownership induced cooperation which supports North Korea"s agricultural polices and needs. The third type is a leading cooperation which induces opening doors and economic reform in North Korea. This study suggests 8 programs, such as rural development behind special zones, and 17 projects such as the expansion of potato production for agricultural cooperation with North Korea. This study suggests four effectiveness principles for the customized agricultural cooperation. The most important is to set clear goals and to approach with a strategy. Second, a sustainable outcome is a key component of effective aid. Third, strengthening the capacity is the core idea for both parties participating in the cooperation. Fourth, good governance is strongly emphasized to achieve effective cooperation. Fifth, expanding partnerships among the government, aid providers and enterprises.
전형진(Hyoung-Jin Jeon),어명근(Myong-Keun Eor),남민지(Min-JI Nam),이동필 한국농촌경제연구원 2011 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-
Agricultural trade between Korea and China shows a clear one-way trade from China to Korea and consists mainly of inter-industry trade. The products available to intra-industry trade are rare with the exception of several processed foods. This overwhelmingly unbalanced trade structure makes it difficult for the two countries to avoid severe competition and build a mutually beneficial cooperative relationship in agricultural sector, and is not expected to change in the near future. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Korea and China in 1992, the share of grain in their bilateral agricultural trade has decreased, but the shares of vegetables and processed foods have increased. The pattern will set in because grain trade is quite restrictive to the supply and demand in the Chinese domestic market and most of fruits, vegetables, and livestock products trade are not allowed to trade because of inspection and quarantine barriers, which is not expected to be completely removed in the near future. The implications from our analyses on relevant issues in the agricultural trade structure between Korea and China are summarized as follows: First, Chinese agriculture is now on the stage of labor productivity-led growth and changes its production structure to the one relying on intermediate inputs gradually. Hence, the rises of input prices including agricultural wage and land rent are likely to threaten the price competitiveness of Chinese agricultural export. Second, China is a young market economy and the economy is not yet sophisticated enough due to the government"s frequent interventionist economic policies. Most of all, China still clings to the socialist system in politics. Thus, resource allocation in Chinese agricultural sector would be distorted by other factors rather than market principles. In this case, the prospect that the structural change in Chinese agriculture will follow a stylized path, through which developed countries already passed, will lead to a mistaken prediction of its change and then fail to properly act in the light of Korean agricultural sector. Third, the two countries have a similar production structure and a development course of agriculture, but also have distinctive resource endowments and growth stages, which led to the current overwhelming one-way trade that is expected to leave not much room for a complementary relation in the near future. It is necessary to find constructive cooperation plans between the trading partners towards co-prosperity under a more liberalized trade in the future, focusing on the establishment of a specialization system reflecting their comparative advantages in agricultural production.