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어명근(Myong-Keun Eor),김경필(Kyung-Phil Kim),전형진(Hyoung-Jin Jeon),문한필(Han-Pil Moon),한정희(Jung-Hee Han),이지용(Ji-Yong Lee) 한국농촌경제연구원 2011 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-
This is the second year report of the two-year collaborative research entitled "A study on the agricultural export promotion strategies", which is led by the Korea Council of Economic and Social Research Institute. The purpose of this study is to establish some effective agricultural export promotion strategies. Various factors that affect Korean agricultural export have been analyzed by the Gravity model and found out GDP of the importing country and spacial distance from Korea were positively related with export amount. Also, government expenditure for export marketing increases agricultural exports. In this study, emerging export markets were classified by four types; growth-potential neighboring market, growth-potential long distance market, hetero-geneous culture market, and fast-growing neighbor market. After selecting export promising product for each type of market, this study established export marketing strategies through the Conjoint Analyses and market-share simulations. Also, this study provided export pricing strategies for each market by the Price Sensitivity Measurement(PSM). As a conclusion, this study provided some measures to expand agricultural export markets as follows; First, organization and collectivization are needed to overcome the limits of small-scale structure of Korean agriculture. Flexible and various rather than uniformed policies should be applied to this process since the environment and conditions are very different according to the farms, products, and the locations. Second, restructuring of agricultural export industry should be enforced by the government and the industry themselves in order to expand export markets. Since the scale of exporting companies are too small to sustain in the market, they can"t establish strong brand power of Korean agricultural products in the overseas market. Through the entry into and exit from the market according to its principle, they need to merge into the large and specialized enterprises. Finally, government export promotion support should be indirect and long-lasting rather than direct and one-time exhausting ones. For example, current expenditure for export logistic would be better to transit to the support for construction of export infrastructure such as cold chain, proccessing facilities, and common warehouse, etc. Support for overseas marketing and buyer invitation costs can also be considered as export infrastructure expenditures which would lead to the self-sustainable exporting farms and company.
어명근(Myong-keun Eor),박기환(Ki-Hwan Park),정은미(Eun-Mi Jeong),김경필(Kyung-Phil Kim),우병준(Byung-Joon Woo),김현중(Hyun-Joong Kim),정대희(Dae-Hee Chung),한호석(Ho-Seok Han) 한국농촌경제연구원 2010 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-
This research is about increasing Korean agro-food products export to foreign market. This is the first year draft from 2 year research project. The main purpose of this research is to support export policy of domestic agro-food products. To meet the end, the study mainly focuses on general export policies and institutional improvement. Previous agro-food export studies usually deal with a specific food item or country while this research addresses multiple items and countries. Especially, the first year draft deals with main export items and markets. This report describes a current condition of agro-food export market, and points out its important characteristics and inherent problems. Also analyzes the competitiveness of domestic agro-food products in five important export markets. In this research, foreign consumers’ preferences toward domestic vegetables, flowers, and fruits are surveyed. The survey results are utilized to derive necessary policies and its future directions to increase export markets. This research categorizes agro-food export system into six different stages and suggests policy recommendations to increase export to foreign markets on each stage. Firstly, in the production stage, it is difficult to secure the sufficient quantities and proper qualities. Not enough room for price negotiation is also a problem. To solve the problems, organizing farm to scale and government’s expenditure on R&D investment is necessary. In the commercializing stage, poor conditioned facilities and inadequate adoption of buyers’ requirements cause problems. These can be solved by providing new facilities to improve products" qualities with fostering export-specialized farms. In the export logistics stage, a lack of cold-chain system and an inefficient logistics system cause decreasing quality and increasing managerial cost problems. Also governmental export logistic subsidies cause an unnecessary side effect. Providing a proper logistic system with a new subsidy scheme is strongly recommended to enhance efficiency. In the quarantine and customs clearance stage, the government has to make a mutual agreement with the importing country to alleviate an existing strict quarantine system. In the stage of distribution in the importing countries, excessive price competitions between exporting companies cause several drawbacks such as damaging the image and price war. The government has to monitor exporting companies effectively to secure an existing market with proper policies. Finally, foreign consumers’ lack of brand awareness has to be changed. Currently, the main target customer of exporting agro-food products is overseas Korean. Supports on participating overseas food exhibitions and brand promotions, and entering local large-scale retailers are strongly recommended.
어명근(Myong-Keun Eor),정대희(Dae Hee Chung),이지용(Ji Yong Lee),오세익 한국농촌경제연구원 2010 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-
This research is about increasing Korean traditional wine export to foreign market. The main purpose of this research is to support export policy of traditional wine. To meet the end, the study mainly focuses on general export policies and institutional improvement. This research deals with main export markets for traditional wine. This report describes a current condition of traditional wine export market, and points out its important characteristics and inherent problems. Also analyzes the competitiveness of traditional wine in important export markets. In this research, foreign consumers’ preferences toward traditional wine is surveyed. The survey results are utilized to derive necessary policies and its future directions to increase export markets. This research categorizes traditional wine export system into five different stages and suggests policy recommendations to increase export to foreign markets on each stage. Firstly, in the production stage, it is difficult to secure the sufficient quantities and proper qualities. Not enough room for price negotiation is also a problem. To solve the problems, organizing farm to scale and government’s expenditure on R&D investment is necessary. In the commercializing stage, poor conditioned facilities and inadequate adoption of buyers’ requirements cause problems. These can be solved by providing new facilities to improve products" qualities with fostering export-specialized farms. In the export logistics stage, a lack of cold-chain system and an inefficient logistics system cause decreasing quality and increasing managerial cost problems. Also governmental export logistic subsidies cause an unnecessary side effect. Providing a proper logistic system with a new subsidy scheme is strongly recommended to enhance efficiency. In the stage of distribution in the importing countries, excessive price competitions between exporting companies cause several drawbacks such as damaging the image and price war. The government has to monitor exporting companies effectively to secure an existing market with proper policies. Finally, foreign consumers’ lack of brand awareness has to be changed. Currently, the main target customer of exporting traditional wine is overseas Korean. Supports on participating overseas food exhibitions and brand promotions, and entering local large-scale retailers are strongly recommended.
전형진(Hyoung-Jin Jeon),어명근(Myong-Keun Eor),남민지(Min-JI Nam),이동필 한국농촌경제연구원 2011 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-
Agricultural trade between Korea and China shows a clear one-way trade from China to Korea and consists mainly of inter-industry trade. The products available to intra-industry trade are rare with the exception of several processed foods. This overwhelmingly unbalanced trade structure makes it difficult for the two countries to avoid severe competition and build a mutually beneficial cooperative relationship in agricultural sector, and is not expected to change in the near future. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Korea and China in 1992, the share of grain in their bilateral agricultural trade has decreased, but the shares of vegetables and processed foods have increased. The pattern will set in because grain trade is quite restrictive to the supply and demand in the Chinese domestic market and most of fruits, vegetables, and livestock products trade are not allowed to trade because of inspection and quarantine barriers, which is not expected to be completely removed in the near future. The implications from our analyses on relevant issues in the agricultural trade structure between Korea and China are summarized as follows: First, Chinese agriculture is now on the stage of labor productivity-led growth and changes its production structure to the one relying on intermediate inputs gradually. Hence, the rises of input prices including agricultural wage and land rent are likely to threaten the price competitiveness of Chinese agricultural export. Second, China is a young market economy and the economy is not yet sophisticated enough due to the government"s frequent interventionist economic policies. Most of all, China still clings to the socialist system in politics. Thus, resource allocation in Chinese agricultural sector would be distorted by other factors rather than market principles. In this case, the prospect that the structural change in Chinese agriculture will follow a stylized path, through which developed countries already passed, will lead to a mistaken prediction of its change and then fail to properly act in the light of Korean agricultural sector. Third, the two countries have a similar production structure and a development course of agriculture, but also have distinctive resource endowments and growth stages, which led to the current overwhelming one-way trade that is expected to leave not much room for a complementary relation in the near future. It is necessary to find constructive cooperation plans between the trading partners towards co-prosperity under a more liberalized trade in the future, focusing on the establishment of a specialization system reflecting their comparative advantages in agricultural production.