전망이론 측면에서 본 푸에블로호사건과 북한의 정책선택

김창규(Kim, Chang-kyu) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2018 군사 Vol.- No.106

This study is the analysis based on Prospect Theory for the North Korea’s mechanism of policy choices on the USS Pueblo Incident happened in 1968. The Kim’s reference points at the time of the USS Pueblo incident are externally to protect North Korea’s sovereignty, to strengthen the alliance with the U.S.S.R. and China in addition to maintaining the autonomy for national security, internally to consolidate the Kim’s autocratic power and to reinforce the revolutional power against the South Korea The USS Pueblo incident can be divided into two stages. The first stage is to seize of the USS Pueblo and the first response stage of the U.S.A. and North Korea. (from Jan. 16 to Feb. 1) At this stage, Kim estimated that the U.S.A. would not drive the situations to war because of her domestic and international political difficulties. In early January 1968, North Korea faced the difficult political situations due to her contradictory relationships with U.S.S.R. and China, the increase of consciousness to be encircled because of the establishment of the diplomatic relationship between South Korea and Japan, and the failure of the raid on Blue House by the North Korea’s guerrillas. In these situations, the information collection of the USS Pueblo on North Korea was a threat against North Korea’s security and a violation of North Korea’s sovereignty, and it was also a challenge against Kim. So Kim perceived the situations were in loss-domain on the basis of his 4 reference points and chose the risk-taking collision policy to seize of the USS Pueblo and to deny negotiation. The second stage is the negotiations between the U.S.A. and North Korea. (from Feb. 2 to Dec. 23). As all efforts were failed, the leadership of the U.S.A. could not help stopping the armed demonstration and sitting down on the table for the individual negotiations with North Korea. As the negotiations had been going on, the U.S.A. had somewhat conceded ‘3A’(Admit, Apologize, Assure) and North Korea could get the result to be admitted the North Korea’s sovereignty by the U.S.A. Kim had got the result to strengthen the alliance with the U.S.S.R. and to acquire her additional economical and military support, to improve the relationship with China, to enhance his internal & external prestige, to support the North Vietnam indirectly and to succeed in resulting in conflict between Korea and the U.S.A. These situations almost satisfied Kim’s 4 reference points. So Kim perceived the situations as gain-domain and decided to choose the risk-avoiding selection to conclude the negotiations. This study shows the effectiveness of Prospect Theory. It will be the short cut to grasp the reference points of North Korea’s leadership and the mechanism of policy choice and to cut or change its links in order to prevent and oppose the continuing North Korea’s provocation effectively. This study expects to contribute to this.

Cu²⁺, Al³⁺, Zn²⁺이 활성슬러지에 미치는 저해영향 평가

김창규,김요용,박익범,송진호,남우경,한송희,김복준,오조교,Kim, Chang-Gyu,Kim, Yo-Yong,Park, Ik-Beom,Song, Jin-Ho,Nam, Woo-Kyong,Han, Song-Hee,Kim, Bok-Jun,Oh, Jo-Gyo 한국물환경학회 2015 한국물환경학회지 Vol.31 No.2

In this study, the inhibitory effect of toxic metals was investigated on the activated sludge of the municipal sewage treatment plant. The allowable concentration of toxic metals was also estimated for the stable operation of the biological treatment process. The single and mixture toxicity of $Cu^{2+}$, $Al^{3+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ were evaluated for the activated sludge microorganisms. As a result, nitrifying microorganisms were more susceptible than heterotrophic microorganisms. $IC_{10}$ (Inhibition Concentration of 10%) of $Cu^{2+}$, $Al^{3+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ for the nitrifying microorganisms was 3 mg/L, 7 mg/L and 25 mg/L, respectively. The mixture toxicity showed three times more sensitive than the single toxicity. The concentrations of $Cu^{2+}$, $Al^{3+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ to minimize the inhibitory effect on organic matter removal and nitrification in batch experiments were found to be 1.3 mg/L, 2.5 mg/L and 6.3 mg/L.

버킷인덱스와 블룸필터를 이용한 범위형 의료정보 암호화기법

김창규,김정태,유천영,김지홍,Kim, Chang-Kyu,Kim, Jung-Tae,Yu, Choun-Young,Kim, Ji-Hong 한국정보통신학회 2011 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.15 No.2

Recently, there are some social issues that personal sensitive data in database were let out. The best method to protect these personal sensitive data is used by the database encryption method. But the encrypting database makes the query difficult. So, there are a lot of study to protect the database and increase the query efficiency as well. In this paper, we analysed recent research trend to protect the sensitive data and propose the combined method using buckets and the bloom filter for the medical database with range property. Compared to bucket index model, the proposed method can increase bucket index value and protect data distribution exposure. We can estimate that this proposed method can improve searching time and efficiency. 최근 데이터베이스내의 개인정보의 유출이 사회적으로 이슈가 되고 있다. 개인의 민감한 정보를 보호하기 위한 최선의 방법은 데이터 암호화이다. 그러나 데이터를 암호화하면 질의어 처리가 어렵게 된다. 그러므로 데이터베이스를 보호하고 질의어 처리를 효율적으로 하기 위한 많은 방법들이 제안되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 연구에 대한 방법을 분석하고, 의료정보 데이터베이스내의 범위특성을 가진 데이터를 암호화하기 위한 방안으로서 버킷 방식과 블룸필터 방식을 이용한 복합적인 방법을 제안하였다. 버킷방식만을 적용한 경우에 비하여 본 논문에서 제안한 버킷방식과 블룸필터방식을 융합하여 적용한 경우에는 버킷의 개수를 늘일 수 있고, 이에 따른 사용자 데이터의 분포 노출을 방지할 수 있으며, 결과적으로 검색속도를 높일 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

다중소스 진공증착법에서의 대면적 박막균일도에 관한 전산모사 연구

김창규,이원종,Kim, Chang-Gyu,Lee, Won-Jong 한국재료학회 2011 한국재료학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Multi-source evaporation is one of the methods to improve the thickness uniformity of thin films deposited by evaporation. In this study, a simulator for the relative thickness profile of a thin film deposited by a multi-source evaporation system was developed. Using this simulator, the relative thickness profiles of the evaporated thin films were simulated under various conditions, such as the number and arrangements of sources and source-to-substrate distance. The optimum conditions, in which the thickness uniformity is minimized, and the corresponding efficiency, were obtained. The substrate was a 5th generation substrate (dimensions of 1300 mm ${\times}$ 1100 mm). The number of sources and source-to-substrate distance were varied from 1 to 6 and 0 to the length of the major axis of the substrate (1300 mm), respectively. When the source plane, the area on which sources can be located, is limited to the substrate dimension, the minimum thickness uniformity, obtained when the number of sources is 6, was 3.3%; the corresponding efficiency was 16.6%. When the dimension of the source plane is enlarged two times, the thickness uniformity is remarkably improved while the efficiency is decreased. The minimum thickness uniformity, obtained when the number of sources is 6, was 0.5%; the corresponding efficiency was decreased to 9.1%. The expansion of the source plane brings about not only the improvement of the thickness uniformity, but also a decrement of the efficiency and an enlargement of equipment.

오스템퍼드 구상흑연주철의 파괴특성에 미치는 기지조직의 영향

김창규,최창옥 ( Chang Gyu Kim,Chang Ock Choi ) 한국주조공학회 1991 한국주조공학회지 Vol.11 No.3

N/A The Effects of the matrix structures and the amount of the retained austenite in austempered ductile iron(ADI) which contains Ni, Cu and Mo on fracture characteristics were inverstigated. The structures were changed from lower bainite to mixture of Lower and upper bainite, and then to upper bainite as austempering temperature increased. A higher austempering temperature yielded lower tensile strength and hardness, but higher impact valve and K_(IC) . In addition, the amount of the retained austenite increased with the austempering temperatures. Fracture surface showed a fibrous pattern and a dimple pattern with increasing the retained austenite amount.

경도인지장애와 알츠하이머병 치매의 생물학적 표지자로서 뇌파와 사건유발전위의 임상적 의미

김창규,김현택,이승환,Kim, Chang Gyu,Kim, Hyun-Taek,Lee, Seung-Hwan 대한생물정신의학회 2013 생물정신의학 Vol.20 No.4

Objectives Memory impairment is a very important mental health issue for elderly and adults. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Early detection of the prodromal stage of patients with AD is an important topic of interest for both mental health clinicians and policy makers. Methods Electroencephalograpgy (EEG) has been used as a possible biological marker for patients with MCI, and AD. In this review, we will summarize the clinical implications of EEG and ERP as a biological marker for AD and MCI. Results EEG power density, functional coupling, spectral coherence, synchronization, and connectivity were analyzed and proved their clinical efficacy in patients with the prodromal stage of AD. Serial studies on late event-related potentials (ERPs) were also conducted in MCI patients as well as healthy elders. Even though these EEG and ERP studies have some limitations for their design and method, their clinical implications are increasing rapidly. Conclusion EEG and ERP can be used as biological markers of AD and MCI. Also they can be used as useful tools for early detection of AD and MCI patients. They are useful and sensitive research tools for AD and MCI patients. However, some problems remain to be solved until they can be practical measures in clinical setting.

Erythropoietin 의 in vitro 분석방법에 관한 연구

김창규,정구헌,이광무,곽효성,양호석,서정선 ( Chang Kyu Kim,Koo Hun Chung,Kwang Moo Lee,Hyo Sung Kwak,Ho Suk Yang,Jung Sun Seo ) 생화학분자생물학회 1991 BMB Reports Vol.24 No.1

We described the method that provides simple, specific, sensitive and precise erythropoietin(EPO) assay. Experiment dealing with the various parameters involved in the procedure was described. The microassay that utilizes spleen cells from phenylhydrazine treated mice as the responder population and ³H-thymidine incorporation as the endpoints was established. Under the our condition used, EPO levels from 20 mU/well down to as little as 0.3 mU/well can be accurately measured with a corresponding variation in counts of 50 fold. This assay takes 28h and requires only very small(10 ㎕) samples for evaluation. The results obtained from the assay of urine samples were in good agreement with the values derived by R·I·A (r=0.86).

오스템퍼링처리한 C/V 흑연주철의 파괴특성에 미치는 기지조직의 영향에 관한 연구

김창규,김홍범,최창옥 ( Chang Gyu Kim,Hong Beum Kim,Chang Ock Choi ) 한국주조공학회 1996 한국주조공학회지 Vol.16 No.2

N/A Effect of various austempered structures on fracture characteristics of C/V graphite cast iron has studied. The tensile strength and hardness reached the maximum value of 971.4㎫ and HB302 at the austempering temperature of 250℃, respectively. As the austempering temperature increased, the amount of retained austenite increased from 18% to 22, 29%, while K_(IC) values ranged from the value of 65㎫·m^(12) to 70MPa·m^(½), 66MPa·m^(½). This fact that K_(IC) value was not sensitive to the increase of the amount of the retained austenite was that K_(IC) was dependent on the matrix structure in lower bainitic matrix, while dependent on the notch effect from C/V graphite shape in upper bainitic matrix. Fractured surfaces showed a ductile fracture pattern at 300℃. Very large coalescence by C/V graphite and relatively small voids by spheroidal graphite were observed.

열병합발전과 지역냉방(목동 사례를 중심으로)

김창규,Kim, Chang-Gyu 한국열병합발전협회 1998 열병합발전 Vol.9 No.-

Tritium Concentrations of Tritiated Water Vapor and Tritiated Hydrogen in the Atmosphere in Taejon

김창규,한만중,김계훈,Kim, C.K.,Han, M.J.,Kim, K.H. Korean Association for Radiation Protection 1997 방사선방어학회지 Vol.22 No.2

대기중 삼중수소에 대한 국내 기초 준위를 파악하기 위하여 1995년 3월부터 12월까지 대전지역 대기중 수증기상태의 삼중수소(HTO) 및 가스상태의 삼중수소(HT)의 농도를 측정하였다. 대기시료는 삼중수소 포집장치를 이용하여 3주간 계속적으로 채취하였으며, 대기중 삼중수소는 액체섬광계수기(Liquid scintillation counter)를 이용하여 계측하였다. 대기중 HTO의 농도는 3.2-36 mBq $m^{-3}$ (평균 : 16.2 mBq $m^{-3}$)이었으며, 여름철에 높고 겨울철에 낮은 농도를 나타내었다. 이러한 경향은 대기중 절대습도의 변화와 유사하였다. 한편, 대전지역 대기 수분중삼중수소의 비방사능 농도는 0.62-3.82 Bq $L^{-3}$ 범위의 값을 나타내었으며, 대기중 HT는 35.7-48.9 mBq $m^{-3}$(평균 : 41.1 mBq $m^{-3}$)의 농도범위를 나타내었다. During the period of March 1995 to December 1995, tritium concentrations of tritiated water vapor (HTO) and tritiated hydrogen (HT) in the atmosphere in Taejon were measured to evaluate present background levels of tritium in the atmosphere. Air samples were collected continuously for three weeks with a sampling system for tritium in the atmosphere and were analyzed by a liquid scintillation counting system. The range of the atmospheric HTO concentrations was 3.2-36 mBq $m^{-3}$ with a mean value of 16.2 mBq $m^{-3}$. The atmospheric HTO concentrations were the highest in summer and the lowest in winter. This trend was similar to the variation of atmospheric absolute humidity. The specific activities of tritium in atmospheric water vapor in Taejon ranged from 0.62 Bq $L^{-1}$ to 3.82 Bq $L^{-1}$ with a mean value of 2.04 Bq $L^{-1}$. The atmospheric HT concentrations were in the range of 35.7 mBq $m^{-3}$ to 48.9 mBq $m^{-3}$ with a mean value of 41.1 mBq $m^{-3}$.