2차원적(次元的)인 직격자(直格子)와 역격자간(逆格子間)의 상호관계(相互關係)

김영상,고재중,강상욱,한원식,서일환,김진규,김윤중,Kim, Young-Sang,Ko, Jae-Jung,Kang, Sang-Ook,Han, Won-Sik,Suh, Il-Hwan,Kim, Jin-Gyu,Kim, Youn-Joong 한국결정학회 2006 韓國結晶學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

2차원적(二次元的)인 직격자(直格子)와 역격자(逆格子)의 기본(基本) vectors를 정의(定義)하고 이들 간(間)에 존재(存在)하는 여러 가지 상호관계(相互關係)를 유도(誘導)한 후(後) $\vec{d^*}(hk)//direction\;of\;(hk),\;d(hk)=1/d^*(hk),\;[uv]$ 방향(方向)에 속(屬)한 (hk)면(面)들, 그리고 이차원적(二次元的)인 4가지 격자(格子)들의 면적(面積) 및 면간건리등(面間距離等)의 계산법(計算法)을 제시(提示)하였다. After the definition of the basis vectors of the two-dimensional direct and reciprocal lattices, various interrelations between them are derived, and additionally how to calculate $\vec{d^*}(hk)//direction\;of\;(hk),\;d(hk)=1/d^*(hk),\;[uv]$, planes belonging to a direction [uv], areas and interplanar spacing of 2-dimensional low different lattices are shown.

특수위치(特殊位置)에서의 비등방성온도인자(比等方性溫度因子)

김영상,고재중,강상욱,손호진,손기철,한원식,서일환,김윤중,김진규,Kim, Young-Sang,Ko, Jae-Jung,Kang, Sang-Ook,Son, Ho-Jin,Son, Ki-Chul,Han, Won-Sik,Suh, Il-Hwan,Kim, Youn-Joong,Kim, Jin-Gyu 한국결정학회 2005 韓國結晶學會誌 Vol.16 No.2

The atoms located at a general position in a crystal do thermally ellipsoidal vibration satisfying 1-fold rotation symmetry. Likewise the thermal vibration of atom at special position must comply with the symmetry of the special position. This paper shows how to calculate the anisotropic temperature factors of the atoms located at special positions. 결정내(結晶內)에 있는 원자(原子)들이 일반위치(一般位置)에 놓이면 그 원자(原子)들은 1-fald rotation symmetry를 갖는 열적(熱的)인 ellipsoid의 운동(運動)을 한다. 마찬가지로 special position에 놓인 원자(原子)는 special position의 대칭(對稱)에 맞는 열적운동(熱的運動)을 하여야 한다. 이 paper에서는 special position에 놓인 원자(原子)의 비등방성온도인자(非等方性溫度因子)의 계산방법(計算方法)을 보였다.

중부지역 참깨 간작 들깨 재배시 파종기가 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향

김영상,김기현,윤철구,허윤선,김익제,김영호,송용섭,이명희,Kim, Young Sang,Kim, Ki Hyeon,Yun, Cheol Gu,Heo, Yun Seon,Kim, Ik Jei,Kim, Young-Ho,Song, Yong-Sup,Lee, Myoung Hee 한국작물학회 2021 한국작물학회지 Vol.66 No.2

본 연구는 중부지역에서 참깨와 들깨의 작부체계를 개발하기 위하여 중부지역에 적합한 파종기를 설정하고 이에 적합한 참깨 간작 들깨의 작부체계를 개발하기 위하여 수행하였다. 전작물로 재배되는 참깨가 후작물 들깨에 미치는 영향과 파종기에 따른 수량성을 검토하고 참깨 간작 들깨 작부체계를 위한 재배방법을 개발하였다. 참깨 재배 중 들깨 간작을 위하여 전작물로 재배되는 참깨의 특성은 조생이며 경장이 짧은 품종이 적당하였으며, 후작으로 재배되는 들깨의 파종기를 설정하기 위하여 6월 중순, 6월 하순, 7월 초순에 들깨를 참깨 사이에 파종한 결과 6월 중순 파종에서 화방군수, 군당삭수 및 수량이 많았으며 파종기가 늦어질수록 들깨 수량은 현저히 낮아졌다. 전작물 생육특성에 따른 영향으로는 조생이며 경장이 짧은 참깨 품종 재배지에서 들깨의 생육 및 수량이 우수하였다. 참깨 간작 들깨작부체계 개선을 위하여 한 줄 재배(조간×주간) 110×20 cm와 두 줄 재배(조간×주간) 40×40 cm로 재배한 결과 두 줄재배에서 수량이 많았다. 이상의 결과로부터 중부지역에 적합한 참깨 간작 들깨 재배는 전작으로 재배되는 참깨는 조생이며 경장이 작은 품종을 선정하여 재배하고 들깨는 두 줄로 참깨사이에 간작으로 6월 중순에 파종하는 방법이 적합할 것으로 판단되었다. Perilla contains more than 60% of fatty acids. Linolenic acid is effective in preventing heart disease, improving learning ability, treating allergies, and preventing cancer. This study was carried out to improve the cultivation method to aid the stable production of perilla by developing a suitable inter-cropping system with sesame in the central region as well as to report a suitable planting time. The test results are summarized as follows. As the planting time of perilla in the inter-cropping system with sesame was delayed, the number of clusters and capsules decreased. The perilla yields in this system showed significant differences compared to that with the previous crops (sesame varieties) and planting period. The yield of perilla was significantly lower in the characteristic-Type B variety than in the characteristic-Type A variety and decreased significantly as the planting time was delayed. With regards to the quality characteristics of perilla, such as crude protein, crude fat, etc., there were no differences between previous perilla crops and those inter-cropped with sesame. The perilla composition did not show any difference during the planting period; however, with delay in the planting time, crude protein content increased but crude fat content decreased. Yield of perilla was 38% higher in a two-row (40 x 40 cm) system, compared to a single-row cultivation (110 x 20 cm) of perilla inter-cropped with sesame. These results suggest that the suitable method for inter-cropping perilla with sesame in the central region is to sow the characteristic-Type A variety in early May, and cultivate the perilla in two lines (40 x 40 cm) in mid-June. This was judged to be the best cultivation method in the central region.

Determination of Zinc and Lead in Water Samples by Solvent Sublation Using Ion Pairing of Metal-Naphthoate Complexes and Tetra-n-butylammonium Ion

김영상,최윤석,이원,이용일,Kim, Yeong Sang,Choe, Yun Seok,Lee, Won,Lee, Yong Il Korean Chemical Society 2001 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.22 No.8

Solvent sublation has been studied for the separation and determination of trace Zn(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) in water samples. A synergy producing method was utilized to improve the efficiency of extraction in the sublation using an ion-pair of metal-naphth oate {M-(Nph)3- } complexes and tetra-n-butylammonium (TBA+ ) ion. After the M-(Nph)3- complexes were formed by adding 1-naphthoic acid to the sample solution, tetra-n-butylammonium bromide was added in the solution to form the ion-pair. And sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was added to make the ion-pair hydrophobic. The ion-pairs of the metal complexes were floated and extracted into methylisobutyl ketone (MIBK) from the aqueous solution by bubbling with nitrogen gas in a flotation cell. Metal ions in MIBK solution were measured by graphite furnace-AAS. Experimental conditions were optimized as follow so. After the pH of a 1.0 L water sample was adjusted to 5.0, 6.0 mL of 0.1 M 1-HNph and 10 mL of 0.03 M TBA-bromide were added to the sample to form ion-pairs, and 2.0 mL of 0.2%(w/v) SLS was added to make the ion-pairs hydrophobic. The solution was bubbled with 30 mL/min N2 gas for 5 minutes in a flotation cell. Linear calibration curves were obtained for the determination of Zn(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) in several water samples. Reproducible results of showing a relative standard deviation of < 10% and recoveries of 80-100% could be obtained.

도시철도차량 적용을 위한 위험도 매트릭스 개발에 관한 연구

김영상,Kim, Young-Sang 한국안전학회 2011 한국안전학회지 Vol.26 No.6

Risk-based railway safety management has been mandatory in Korea as by relevant laws and regulations enacted since the Railway Safety Act 2004. In particular, the Railway Vehicle Safety Guidance came into effect on Jan 1, 2008 specifies the details of methodology for hazard analysis, risk assessment and safety verification and validation. Fundamentals for success of the risk-based safety management are systematic hazard identification and risk assessment by use of reasonable risk assessment criteria, but the principle of risk-based safety management has not been applied in an effective way to introduction and maintenance of railway vehicle systems because definite risk assessment criteria have not been set down for each railway system or railway network. The purpose of this study is to suggest a risk matrix development principle for risk assessment of domestic urban metro vehicles by analyses of relevant rules and railway operating environment of Korea.

킬레이트 및 이온쌍 형성을 이용한 자연수 중 극미량 Mo(VI)의 용매추출

김영상,노승구,최종문,최희선,Kim, Young-Sang,Nho, Seung-Gu,Choi, Jong-Moon,Choi, Hee-Seon 한국분석과학회 1993 분석과학 Vol.6 No.3

자연수 중 극미량 몰리브덴[Mo(VI)]을 분리 정량하기 위하여 Mo(VI)의 킬레이트이온을 이온쌍으로 만들어 유기용매로 상승 용매추출시키는 방법에 대해 검토하였다. 자연수 시료 100mL를 분별 깔때기에 취하였다. pH 4.0인 시료에 0.01M alizarin red S 용액 0.5mL를 가하여 Mo(VI)-ARS의 킬레이트이온을 형성시킨 다음, aliquat-336을 0.2% 되게 녹인 chloroform 10mL를 가해 30초 정도 격렬하게 흔들어 모든 킬레이트이온이 이온쌍을 형성하여 용매층으로 분배되도록 하였다. 90분간 방치하여 두 쌍이 완전히 분리되면 chloroform층을 받아서 520nm에서 흡광도를 측정하여 검정곡선법으로 Mo(VI)을 정량하였다. 이상의 과정에서 용액의 pH, alizarin red S와 aliquat-336의 가해 주는 양, 흔들어 주고 방치하는 시간 등과 같은 추출조건에 대해서 검토하였다. 실제 시료인 강물과 수돗물의 분석에 응용하였다. 이들 시료에 Mo(VI)을 일정량 가하여 분석한 회수율은 모두 99% 이상으로 본 방법이 정량적임을 확인하였다. The formation of Mo(VI)-alizarin red S chelate ion and its extraction into an organic solvent by ion-pairing were studied for the separative determination of trace Mo(VI) in natural water samples. Natural water 100mL was sampled in 250mL separatory funnel. After Mo(VI)-ARS chelate ion was formed by adding 0.01M alizarin red S solution 0.5mL to the water sample of pH 4.0, 0.2% aliquat-336 chloroform solution 10mL was added and the solution was vigorously shaked for about 30 seconds to from the ion-pair between Mo(VI)-ARS and aliquat-336, completely. The solution was stood for about 90 minutes. And the organic phase was taken for the absorbance measurement of the ion-pair at 520 nm. The content of Mo(VI) in sample was obtained from the standard calibration curve. Several extraction conditions such as pH, adding amounts of alizarin red S and aliquat-336, and shaking and standing times were optimized. This procedure was applied to the analysis of river and tap waters. It could be confirmed from the recoveries of over 99% in samples spiked with a given amount of Mo(VI) that this method was quantitiative in the determination of trace Mo(VI) in a natural water.

감진계통 지지부가 설치된 기기의 지진해석

김영상,이동근,Kim, Young Sang,Lee, Dong Guen 대한토목학회 1992 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.12 No.2

본 논문에서는 주 구조물 내에 설치된 기기의 지지점에 감진계통을 도입함으로써 지진하중에 대한 기기의 응답감소효과를 연구하였으며, 효율적인 해석을 수행하기 위해 구조물-기기 상호작용 고려 및 축소 행렬방법을 이용한 전산프로그램(KBISAP)을 개발하였다. 지지점에 감전장치가 설치된 기기의 지진하중에 대한 응답감소 효율성을 평가하기 위해 세가지 해석모델, 즉 고정기초구조물 상의 지지점이 고정된 기기, 감진기초구조물 상의 지지점이 고정된 기기 및 고정기초구조물 상의 지지점에 감진계통이 설치된 기기를 채택한 예제해석 결과, 본 논문에서 채택한 방법이 일반적인 고정기초구조물은 물론 감진기초구조물 상에 설치된 기기의 지진하중에 대한 응답감소 보다 더 효율적임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 방법은 기기의 응답감소는 물론 중요한 기기의 안전성 향상에 효과적이다. The effectiveness of the support-isolation system for the equipment mounted on the primary structure is evaluated to reduce its responses under the earthquake load with considering the interaction between the primary structure and the internal equipment in this paper. A computer code (KBISAP) is developed to analyze the above system using the matrix condensation technique and constant average acceleration method. To evaluate the effectiveness of the support-isolation system, three systems are used in this study as follows: i) fixed-base structure with support-fixed equipment, ii) base-isolated structure with support-fixed equipment and iii) fixed-base structure with support-isolated equipment. The results of case study show that the acceleration of equipment with the support-isolation system is less than that of the support-fixed equipment in the base-isolated structure and significantly reduced the response compared with that of the support-fixed equipment in the fixed-base structure with the reduction factor of 8. The support-isolation system used in this study can reduce the response and also increase the safety margin of the important safety-related internal equipments.

수치해석을 통한 앵커의 긴장력과 사면 안전율의 상관관계 도출

김영상,이철주,성현종,Kim. Young Sang,Lee. Cheol-Ju,Sung. Hyun-Jong 한국방재학회 2013 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.13 No.5

최근 기후변화로 발생하는 이상강우에 의한 지하수위의 상승은 사면보강을 위해 설치한 앵커의 초기 긴장력의 증가를 유발시킬 수 있다. 한편 사면의 국부적 파괴나 낙석 등으로 인한 앵커 두부(head)의 예기치 못한 손상은 긴장력 상실로 이어져 앵커로 보강된 사면의 안정성을 저하시키는 주된 요인이 될 수 있다. 이와 같은 앵커 긴장력의 변화는 사면의 안정성에 매우 직접적으로 영향을 미치지만 현재의 기술은 앵커 긴장력의 존재 유무만을 간단히 확인하거나 단기간의 긴장력 변화를 측정할 수 있는 기술만이 있을 뿐 영구사면과 같이 장기간 앵커의 긴장력 변화와 사면의 안정성에 대한 직접적이고 효과적인 모니터링 방법은 찾아보기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 장기간의 앵커 긴장력 모니터링이 가능하도록 개발된 광섬유 센서 내장형 텐던을 이용하여 사면의 안정성을 직접 평가할 수 있도록 초기 긴장력 감소 및 증가와 사면 안전율의 상관관계에 대하여 수치해석적 검토를 수행하였다. 앵커가 시공되어 있는 실제 사면의 사례에 대한 한계평형해석 및 3차원 유한요소해석을 실시하여 사면에 설치된 앵커의 긴장력 변화와 사면 안전율(factor of safety) 변화에 대한 검토를 수행한 결과, 지하수위 상승으로 인한 앵커 긴장력의 증가는 사면 안전율의 비선형적 감소를 동반하며 일정 수준 이하의 앵커 긴장력 감소는 선형적 사면 안전율 감소를 동반하는 것으로 나타났다. Main reasons making the slope reinforced with anchors unsafe are rise of ground water table due to heavy rainfall and sudden reduction of initial tensile force due to damage of anchor head. In this research, numerical analysis was carried out to evaluate the safety of slope reinforced by anchors from the monitoring result of tensile force. Limit equilibrium analysis and 3D finite element analysis were carried out to model the sudden reduction of initial tensile force and increase of tensile force due to soil movement, which was caused by rise of ground water table. From the numerical analysis, it was found that the increase of tensile force due to rise of ground water table comes with nonlinear decrease of safety factor and reduction of initial tensile force due to damage of anchor head accompanied with linear decrease of safety factor. From the results, it can be concluded that safety of the slope can be evaluated indirectly by monitoring the tensile force of anchor using FBG sensor embedded tendon.

연속흐름 주입법을 이용한 화학발광분석법

김영상,최윤석,Kim, Young-Sang,Choi, Yoon-Seok 한국분석과학회 2000 분석과학 Vol.13 No.4

X-Ray Diffractometric Study on Modification Mechanism of Matrixes for Electrothermal AAS Determination of Volatile Lead and Bismuth

김영상,최종문,Kim, Yeong Sang,Choe, Jong Mun Korean Chemical Society 2000 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.21 No.1

The mechanism of a matrix modification for the trace determination of volatile lead and bismuth by an electro-thermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry was studied by a X-ray diffractometry (XRD). For the investigation of structures, the ash products of the elements were produced by using a palladium as a matrix modifier with or without aluminum or nickel as an auxiliary modifier. The same charring conditions as in the analysis of samples were applied together with much concentrated solution of analytical elements and modifiers in a graphite furnace to get a large amount of the product for XRD. The XRD patterns showed PbPd3 for lead and BiPd3 for bismuth. These mean that the reaction procedures through the charring and atomization were changed from $Pb^{2+}$ ${\rightarrow}$ PbO ${\rightarrow}$$Pb^0$ to $Pb^{2+}$ ${\rightarrow}$ PbO ${\rightarrow}PbPd_3$ ${\rightarrow}$ Pb o for lead and from $Bi^{3+}$ ${\rightarrow}$ BiO ${\rightarrow}$ Bi o to $Bi^{3+}$ ${\rightarrow}$ BiO ${\rightarrow}$ $BiPd_3$ ${\rightarrow}$ $Bi^0$ for bismuth by the addition of modifiers. The volatile elements were stabilized by the formation of palladium alloys through a charring process. Charring temperatures were raised about 500 $^{\circ}C$ by the alloying and the atomization was also stabilized for the enhancement of sensitivities.