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서일환,이교석,이자현,민세원,정덕영 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5
A more efficient use of nutrients from organic sources can benefit both farmers and water quality in agriculture. In this paper we reviewed information related to the regulations and guidelines of a swine liquid fertilizer topropose an establishment scheme for the official standards of swine manure slurry as a liquid fertilizer fororganic farming. According to the law of establishment and designation of official standard of fertilizers, theliquid fertilizer made with pig liquid manure belongs to the byproduct fertilizer as of one of organic fertilizer. However, the official standards for byproduct fertilizers including the liquid fertilizer set by the RuralDevelopment Administration (RDA), especially for a liquid swine manure fertilizer, should be revised to meetthe goals of laws pursuing the environmentally sound agriculture, especially for organic farming because theterms and relevant standards need additional specific standards alike the standards such as impurities andparameter for declaration in EU. Therefore, it is suggested that official standards for byproduct fertilizersshould be revised with respect to nutrient, salt content as of SAR and Na content instead of NaCl. Also weneed to develop the maximum limit of heavy metals in soil to which the liquid fertilizer can be applied, as wellas application rate depending on EC of the liquid fertilizer.
Crystal Structure of 3-Methyl-4-Methoxy-4'-Nitrostilbene
서일환,김문집 한국결정학회 1992 韓國結晶學會誌 Vol.3 No.2
The crystal structure of the title compound was determined from single crystal X-ray dirt fraction study : C16H16NO3, Mr=271.316, orthorh ombic, Aba2, a=15.750(3), b=13.470(2), c=13.356 (2) A, V=2833A, Z=8, Dx=1.26 Mgm-3, λ(MoK a) =0.71069A, r=0.51mm-2, F(000)=1136, T=291 K, R=0.0414 for 728 unique observed [F≥3e(F)] reflections and 240 parameters. The molecule is nearly planar within 0.2 A with the torsion angle -179(2)°for C(4)-C(7)-C(8)-C(9).The into rmolecular interactions are mainly by van der Waals force with the nearest intermolecular distance 3.647A between O(3) and C(4) translated by half unit along band c-axes.
서일환 한국농공학회 2020 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.62 No.1
Enclosed pig house are creating an environment with high concentrations of gas and dust. Poor conditions in pig farms reduce pig weight and increasedisease and accidents for livestock workers. In the pig house, the high concentration of harmful gas may cause asphyxiation accidents to workers andchronic respiratory disease by long-term exposure. As pig farm workers have been aging and feminized, the damage to the health of the harshenvironment is getting serious, and real-time monitoring is needed to prevent the damage. However, most of the measuring devices related to humidity,harmful gas, and fine dust except temperature sensors are exposed to high concentrations of gas and dust inside pig house and are difficult to withstandfor a long time. The purpose of this study is to develop an wearable based device to monitor the hazardous environment exposed to workers workingin pig farms. Based on the field monitoring and previous researches, the measurement range and basic specifications of the equipment were selected,and wearable based device was designed in terms of utilization, economic efficiency, size and communication performance. Selected H2S and NH3sensors showed the average error of 5.3% comparing to standard gas concentrations. The measured data can be used to manage the working environmentaccording to the worker’s location and to obtain basic data for work safety warning.
서일환,이희주,위승환,이성원,김성겸 한국원예학회 2021 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.62 No.5
Vegetable crops production in the fi eld and changes in physiological aspects of crops during the growing season may beaff ected by the increased temperatures associated with climate change. The objectives of this research were to evaluatethe performance of an air temperature gradient using the computational fl uid dynamics (CFD) technique and validation ofperformance throughout Kimchi cabbage growth and physiological responses to air temperature in a greenhouse temperaturegradient (GTG). We simulated temperature diff erences with CFD in a semi-closed plastic tunnel, which is a GTG. Theaccuracy of CFD improved by vertical and horizontal temperature profi les was evaluated for the performances of a GTG. Thegrowth of Kimchi cabbage was examined and validated using a temperature gradient within a GTG. Correlation coeffi cientsof measured heights were 1.120, 0.597, and 0.459. Root mean square error was below 0.103, which means the CFD simulationvalues were highly accurate. The error analysis showed that it was possible to accurately predict temperature gradientchanges within a GTG using CFD techniques. CFD results showed an average error of 0.597 °C compared to fi eld monitoringresults. The maximum temperature diff erence of the GTG was 5.7 °C, suggesting a well-controlled set point (6 °C diff erencebetween outside conditions and inside conditions of the GTG). On a cloudy day, the GTG set diff erential temperature(dT) was well maintained, while the accuracy of the GTG’s dT was degraded on sunny days because of interference by solarradiation. There was a signifi cant diff erence in the growth, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO 2concentration along with temperature diff erences in the GTG. CFD can simulate temperature gradient distribution in a GTGand predict the temperature diff erence for equipment with diff erent specifi cations. These facilities can be used in climatechange-related studies, such as assessment of crop production area optimization, crop physiological response to temperature,vulnerability assessment of crop production under increasing temperatures, or extreme weather.
p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde 4-(p-Ethoxyphenyl) Thiosemicarbazone구조의 정밀화
서일환,서추명,박영자,Seo, Il-Hwan,Seo, Chu-Myeong,Park, Yeong-Ja 한국결정학회 1991 韓國結晶學會誌 Vol.2 No.1
p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde 4-(p-ethoxyphenyl) thiosemicarbazone, C18H22N4OS의, 단위포상수는 단사정계 a=11.802(2), b=31.962(2), c=9.829(2)A, β=100.12(1)˚, V=3694.8A3이며 F(000)=1472, Mr=342.47, 공간군은 P2₁/c, Z=8, Dx=1.246 Mg m-3, Dm=1.17Mg m-3, μ=0.15mm-1이다. T=294 K에서 Mo Ka(λ=0.71073 A)을 사용하여 최종 R값은 0.0856이다. 비대칭단위내의 두개 분자간의 구조상의 큰차이는 C(9)-N(1)-C(6)-C(7)의 비틀림각이 각각 58.8(8)˚와 1(1)˚인것으로, 각 분자는 길이가 각각 2.613(7)과 2.566(7) A인 N(1)-H(10)'N(3) 분자내 수고결합을 하고 있으며 각 분자는 N(2)원자를 정점으로 하여 V-모양을 하고 있다. 독립적인 두 분자는 두개의 분자간 수소 결합 N(2)-H(11)'S'=3.367(5) A과 N(2')-H(11')'S=3.421(4)A으로 연결되어 이중체(dimer)를 형성하고 있으며 그 이중체들은 van der Waals력으로 결합되어 있다. C18H22N4OS, Mr=342.47, monoclinic, P2₁/c,a=11.802(2), b=31.962(2), c=9.829(2)A, β=100.12(1)˚, V=3694.8A3,F(000)=1472, Z=8, Dx=1.246 Mg m-3, Dm=1.17Mg m-3,λ=0.71073 A, μ=0.15mm-1, T=294 K. final R=0.0856 for 3718 observed reflection (Fo>3σ(Fo)) There are two molecules in an asymmetric unit and a major difference between these molecules is in the C(9)-N(1)-C(6)-C(7) torsion angles [58.8(8)˚and 1(1)˚]. Both molecules have intramolecular N(1)-H(10)'N(3) hydrogen bonds [ 2.613(7) and 2.566(7) A] and assume V-shaped conformation with N(2) atoms at the verices. The two independent molecules are linked by the two N(2)-H(11)'S' hydrogen bonds[3.367(5) A and 3.421(4)A] and the dimergen are held together by van der Waals forces.
서일환,임국형,오미란,김경한,Suh Il-Hwan,Ihm Guk-Hyung,Oh Mi-Ran,Kim Kyung-Han 한국결정학회 1997 韓國結晶學會誌 Vol.8 No.1
실험적으로 측정된 변수의 함수인 물리양의 표준편차의 개산법이 제시되었다. A method for calculation of the estimated standard deviation (ESD) of physical quantities which are functions of experimentally observed variables has been shown.