Effects of In Doping on Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanorods Grown by Hydrothermal Method

김소아람,이상헌,김종수,김진수,Do Yeob Kim,Sung-O Kim,임재영 대한금속·재료학회 2013 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.9 No.4

ZnO seed layers were deposited on a quartz substrate using the sol-gel method, and In-doped ZnO (IZO)nanorods with different In concentrations ranging from 0 to 2.0 at. % were grown on the ZnO seed layers by the hydrothermal method. The structural and optical properties of the ZnO and IZO nanorods were investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and photoluminescence (PL). The ZnO and IZO nanorods grew well aligned on the surface of the quartz substrates. From the XRD data, it can be seen that the In doping is responsible for the distortion of the ZnO lattice. The PL spectra show near-band-edge emission and deep-level emission, and they also show that In doping significantly affects the PL properties of ZnO nanorods.

외국인 상사의 의사소통 유형과 능력이 부하직원의 자기효능감, 직무스트레스에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김소아(Kim, So-A),김공수(Kim, Kong Soo),이국용(Lee Kook-Yong) 한국산업경제학회 2014 산업경제연구 Vol.27 No.6

본 연구는 외국인 상사와 한국인 부하직원간의 관계에서 외국인 상사의 의사소통 유형과 능력이 한국인 부하직원의 자기효능감, 직무몰입 그리고 직무스트레스에 미치는 영향관계를 밝히고자 하는 연구이다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 이론적 연구와 설문조사를 통해 113명의 한국인 부하직원으로부터 자료를 수집하였고 SPSS 12.0을 이용하여 실증분석을 하였다. 분석결과 부하직원의 자기효능감과 직무몰입은 외국인 상사의 의사소통 유형간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었고, 그리고 부하직원의 직무스트레스는 외국인 상사의 의사소통 유형간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 외국인 상사의 의사소통 능력은 한국인 부하직원의 자기효능감에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있으며, 직무몰입에 대해서도 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 직무스트레스에 대해서는 유의한 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것을 실증적으로 확인하였다. 이러한 연구결과에 기초하여 외국인 상사와 한국인 부하직원으로 구성된 기업에게 있어 실질적으로 도움을 줄 수 있는 시사점을 제안하였으며, 연구 수행 및 연구결과 해석상의 한계점과 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다. In this study, we wished to examine the relationships between foreign supervisor’s communication style, ability and employees’ self-efficacy, job involvement, job stress perspectively. For this purpose, we collected data from 113 Korean employees of engaged in the global company, 6 hypotheses assumed that the influential relationships between these constructs. ANOVA and regression analysis to verify the hypothesis was performed, from the empirical results show that the communication style significantly influenced job stress of Korean employees, and foreign supervisor’s communication ability has significant impact on increasing the self-efficacy and job involvement, decreasing the job stress of Korean employees. From these results, we reaffirmed that Korean employees’ self-efficacy, job involvement, job stress were affected by supervisor’s communication style and ability. When the foreign supervisor’s dominance of communication style is high, the Korean employees’s job stress is increased and when the foreign supervisor’s communication ability is high, the Korean employee’s self-efficacy and job involvement came to increase, and decrease in the job stress. It showed that self-efficacy and job involvement of employees increased and reduced job stress had a positive affect at the workplace. So, the foreign supervisors should improve to positively communicate had a direct improvement on how the business delivery and exchange ideas.

학령기 아동의 사교육 이용에 대한 종단적 변화 및 예측요인

김신경 ( Kim Sinkyung ),김소아 ( Kim Soa ),송요현 ( Song Yo Hyun ) 한국보건사회연구원 2016 保健社會硏究 Vol.36 No.1

본 연구는 한국복지패널 1~9차년도 가구 및 아동부가조사 자료를 사용하여 학년 증가에 따른 사교육 이용의 종단적 변화를 살펴보고 이에 영향을 미치는 예측요인을 아동, 부모, 가구의 특성으로 나누어 분석하였다. 1차년도 기준으로 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년생 758명이 이용하는 사교육 수와 그 비용이 학년이 증가하면서 어떻게 변화하는지 잠재성 장모형을 통해 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 아동이 고학년이 되고 상위학교에 진학하면서 이용하는 사교육 수는 유의하게 감소하는 반면, 실질 사교육비의 증가량은 유의하게 나타나지 않았다. 변화하는 정도는 개인마다 유의하게 다른 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 아동 특성 중 사교육 수와 비용에 영향을 미치는 변인은 출생순위, 학업 성적, 문제행동 중 주의집중문제와 비행, 공격성이었다. 셋째, 부모 특성에서는 아버지의 학력이 사교육비용의 초기값을 정적으로 예측하였으나 변화율에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 부모의 교육참여는 고등학생 시점일 때 사교육 이용의 변화에 종단적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 가구 특성으로는 아동가구원 수, 소득, 거주 지역이 모두 아동의 사교육이용 궤적에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of child, parental and household characteristics on the trajectories of extra-curricular education use in Korean students using Latent Growth Modeling. A sample of 758 elementary school students and data from the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS) 2006-2014 were used for this analysis. First, the data showed a significant decline in the number of extra-curricular education use among students over time. The change rate of the expenses in extra-curricular education was not significant. There were individual differences in trajectories of extra-curricular education use during 9 years. Second, child characteristics affecting extra-curricular education use were birth order, academic achievement, attention problem, delinquency, and aggression. Third, father`s education level was a positive predictor of the use of extra-curricular education at the initial level. Parental participation was related with the rate of change in the use of extra-curricular education. Fourth, all household characteristics (the number of siblings, income, and residential districts) have significant influences on the trajectories of extra-curricular education use.

정서조절, 정서적 자기개방 및 어머니의 심리적 통제가 중,고등학생의 우울에 미치는 영향

김소아(So A Kim),강민주(Min Ju Kang) 한국아동학회 2013 아동학회지 Vol.34 No.5

This study examined the influence of cognitive-emotional regulation, emotional self-disclosure and maternal psychological control on adolescent depression. The participants in this study consisted of 280 middle school students and 287 high school students in Gyung Gi Province, Korea. The results of this study were as follows. First, the high school students exhibited higher scores on depression than middle school students while there were no meaningful differences in maternal psychological control, cognitive-emotional regulation and emotional self-disclosure. Second, both middle and high school students` depression levels were positively associated with maternal psychological control and maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation. Both middle and high school students` depression was negatively associated with emotional self-disclosure. Third, maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation and maternal psychological control had a significant effect on both middle and high school students` depression levels, while emotional self-disclosure had a significant effect on high school students` depression only. In both age groups, there was an interactive effect of maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation and maternal psychological control on depression.

학생, 부모 및 교사가 인지한 게임 몰입 과정 분석 연구

김소아(Kim, Soah),최원현(Choi, Wonhyon),안우림(An, Woorim) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2020 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.20 No.5

본 연구는 학생의 게임 몰입 과정과 게임 행동유형별 경험의 차이를 탐구하고 이해하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 초등학교에 재학 중인 게임선용군 학생 3명 부모 3명, 교사 2명, 게임과몰입위험군 학생 4명, 교사 3명 총 15명을 대상으로 근거이론(Grounded Theory)을 활용하여 분석하였다. 연구는 2018년 12월부터 2019년 3월까지 학교 교실이나 위(Wee) 클래스에서 심층 면담으로 진행되었다. 연구결과, 학생, 부모, 교사가 인지한 게임 몰입 과정의 인과적 조건은 ‘세상에서 제일 재미있는 놀이 도구’, ‘외로움과 스트레스를 겪음’, ‘자신감과 자존감 저하’로 나타났으며, 맥락적 조건은 ‘게임에 쉽게 접근할 수 있는 환경’, ‘게임에 관대한 분위기’로 나타났다. 중심 현상은 ‘게임에 빨려 들어감’, ‘게임의 늪에서 방황’으로 나타났으며, 중재적 조건은 ‘게임의 역기능 인지’, ‘삶에 대한 의지와 자신감’으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 결과는 ‘게임에 함몰’ 또는 ‘새롭고 희망적인 삶으로 거듭남’으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 게임과몰입위험군과 게임선용군 학생의 게임 몰입 과정을 살펴봄으로써, 이들이 게임을 조절하고, 이를 극복할 수 있도록 도울 수 있는 방법을 제언하였다는데 그 의의가 있다. The purpose of this study is to explore and understand the differences in students’ internet game immersion processes and their experiences of different types of game behavior. For the study the three overindulged game player groups(three students, three mothers and two homeroom teachers) and one excessive game player group(four students, three homeroom teachers) in elementary schools were analyzed using Qualitative research methods of Grounded Theory, focusing on how students themselves, their mothers, and their homeroom teachers think about students playing games. The study was done from December 2018 to March 2019 in the classrooms or the Wee Classes by in-depth interviews. Studies have shown that the causal conditions of the game immersion process recognized by students, mothers and teachers were “the most interesting play tool in the world,” “loneliness and stressful,” and “decreased self-confidence and self-esteem,” while contextual conditions were “environment in which games are easily accessible,” and “a generous atmosphere in games.” The central phenomenon appeared to be “wandering into the game” and “wandering in the swamp of the game,” while the mediating conditions were “recognizing the reverse function of the game” and “the will and confidence in life.” Finally, the result turned out to be “fallen into a game” or “reiterate into a new and hopeful life.” This study suggests a way to help the excessive gammer and overindulged gammer to control and overcome game immersion by examine the game immersion process.

기상이동법으로 성장한 산화아연 나노막대의 포토루미네슨스 분석

김소아람 ( So A Ram Kim ),조민영 ( Min Young Cho ),남기웅 ( Gi Woong Nam ),김민수 ( Min Su Kim ),김도엽 ( Do Yeob Kim ),임광국 ( Kwang Gug Yim ),임재영 ( Jae Young Leem ) 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2011 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.49 No.10

ZnO nanorods were grown on Au-coated Si substrates by vapor phase transport (VPT) at the growth temperature of 600℃ using a mixture of zinc oxide and graphite powders as source material. Au thin films with the thickness of 5 nm were deposited by ion sputtering. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) was carried out to investigate the optical properties of the ZnO nanorods. Five peaks at 3.363, 3.327, 3.296, 3.228, and 3.143 eV, corresponding to the free exciton (FX), neutral donor bound exciton (DoX), first order longitudinal optical phonon replica of free exciton (FX-1LO), FX-2LO, and FX-3LO emissions, were obtained at low-temperature (10 K). The intensity of these peaks decreased and their position was red shifted with the increase in the temperature. The FX emission peak energy of the ZnO nanorods exhibited an anomalous behavior (red-blue-red shift) with the increase in temperature. This is also known as an "S-shaped" emission shift. The thermal activation energy for the exciton with increasing temperature in the ZnO nanorods is found to be about 26.6 meV; the values of Varshni`s empirical equation fitting parameters are = 5×10(-4) eV/K, β = 350 K, and E(g)(0) = 3.364 eV.

Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of ZnO Thin Films Deposited by Sol-Gel Dip-Coating Process at Low Temperature

김소아람,남기웅,윤현식,박형길,최현광,김종수,김진수,Do Yeob Kim,Sung-O Kim,임재영 대한금속·재료학회 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.4

Sol-gel dip-coating was used to prepare ZnO thin films with relaxed residual stress by lowering the deposition temperature from room temperature (25°C) to −25°C. The effect of deposition temperature on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the films was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and reflectance accessory, and the van der Pauw method. All the thin films were deposited successfully onto quartz substrates and exhibited fibrous root morphology. At low temperature, the deposition rate was higher than at room temperature (RT) because of enhanced viscosity of the films. Further, lowering the deposition temperature affected the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the ZnO thin films. The surface morphology, residual stress, PL properties, and optical transmittance and reflectance of the films were measured, and this information was used to determine the absorption coefficient, optical band gap, Urbach energy, refractive index, refractive index at infinite wavelength, extinction coefficient, single-oscillator energy, dispersion energy, average oscillator wavelength, moments M−1 and M−3, dielectric constant, optical conductivity, and electrical resistivity of the ZnO thin films.

소아청소년 코로나바이러스감염증-19 대응지침

김기환,조은영,김동현,김한울,박지영,은병욱,조대선,최수한,최재홍,한미선,최은화,김종현,대한소아감염학회,Kim, Ki Hwan,Cho, Eun Young,Kim, Dong Hyun,Kim, Han Wool,Park, Ji Young,Eun, Byung-Wook,Jo, Dae Sun,Choi, Soo-Han,Choi, Jae Hong,Han, Mi Seon,C 대한소아감염학회 2020 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.27 No.1

The Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued the guidelines about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for children and adolescents. Case definitions and management of COVID-19 in neonates, infants, children and adolescents are presented in this guideline. In addition, guidelines for caregiver management are also provided. In this review, we introduce the contents of the current guidelines for COVID-19 in children and adolescents in Korea.

초음파유화술의 방법에 따른 수술과정 및 결과의 차이

김소아,고동아,김재용,김명준,차흥원,Soa Kim,Dong Ah Ko,Jae Yong Kim,Myoung Joon Kim,Hung Won Tchah 대한안과학회 2013 대한안과학회지 Vol.54 No.9

Purpose: To compare intraoperative parameters and postoperative results between divide-and-conquer and multiple phaco- chop technique. Methods: Two different techniques were performed by one operator on the patients with bilateral cataract. One eye was phacoemulsified by divide-and-conquer technique (D eye), and the other was performed by multiple phaco-chop technique (M eye). Changes of central corneal thickness during the operation, total phaco-time and phaco-energy were measured. Results: Total 29 patients were included. The change of central corneal thickness were 8.4 ± 11.8 μm in D eye and 11.5 ± 16.7 μm in M eye, which showed no significant difference (p = 0.350) and total phaco-time were 70.1 ± 32.9 seconds in D eye and 71.1 ± 55.0 seconds in M eye, which also showed no significant difference (p = 0.689). However, phaco-energy were 12.4 ± 8.3 power × s in D eye and 8.4 ± 9.9 power × s in M eye, and this result showed significantly larger energy when using divide-and-conquer technique (p < 0.001). Conclusions: There was no significant difference in change of central corneal thickness and phaco-time between two techniques, divide-and-conquer and multiple phaco-chop technique. However, significantly smaller phaco energy was used by multiple phaco-chop technique compared with divide-and-conquer technique.

Effects of Doping with Al, Ga, and In on Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanorods Grown by Hydrothermal Method

김소아람,남기웅,박형길,윤현식,이상헌,김종수,김진수,Do Yeob Kim,김성오,임재영 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.4

The structural and optical properties of the ZnO, Al-doped ZnO, Ga-doped ZnO, and In-doped ZnO nanorods were investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence (PL) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. All the nanorods grew with good alignment on the ZnO seed layers and the ZnO nanorod dimensions could be controlled by the addition of the various dopants. For instance, the diameter of the nanorods decreased with increasing atomic number of the dopants. The ratio between the nearband- edge emission (NBE) and the deep-level emission (DLE) intensities (INBE/IDLE) obtained by PL gradually decreased because the DLE intensity from the nanorods gradually increased with increase in the atomic number of the dopants. We found that the dopants affected the structural and optical properties of the ZnO nanorods including their dimensions, lattice constants, residual stresses, bond lengths, PL properties, transmittance values, optical band gaps, and Urbach energies.