$0.13{\mu}m$ RF CMOS 공정용 스케일러블 인덕터 모델링

김성균,안성준,김병성,Kim, Seong-Kyun,Ahn, Sung-Joon,Kim, Byung-Sung 대한전자공학회 2009 電子工學會論文誌-TC (Telecommunications) Vol.46 No.1

본 논문에서는 RF 집적회로 설계를 위한 $0.13{\mu}m$ RF CMOS용 인덕터 라이브러리를 개발하였다. 스케일러블 모델링을 위해 선폭, 회전수, 내경을 조절하여 다수의 인덕터 패턴을 제작하고, 정확한 패드 효과 보상을 위해 급전 구조를 최적화하였다. 제작된 패턴의 S-파라미터 측정 데이터를 이용하여 각 소자별로 이중-$\pi$ 등가회로 소자값을 추출한 뒤 이 값들을 인덕터의 물리적 설계 변수의 함수로 표현하는 스케일러블 모델링을 수행하였다. 개발된 라이브러리는 표준(standard) 구조와 대칭(symmetric) 구조를 가지는 두 종류의 스케일러블 인덕터 모델을 제공하며, 모델 유효 주파수는 30GHz 또는 자기공진주파수까지이다. 표준구조 인덕터의 경우 $0.12{\sim}10.7nH$의 인덕턴스를, 대칭구조 인덕터의 경우는 $0.08{\sim}13.6nH$의 인덕턴스를 갖는다. 본 연구를 통해 최종적으로 10%이하의 오차를 가지는 RF CMOS용 인덕터 라이브러리를 완성하였다. This paper presents scalable modeling of spiral inductors for RFIC design based on $0.13{\mu}m$ RF CMOS process. For scalable modeling, several inductor patterns are designed and fabricated with variations of width, number of turns and inner radius. Feeding structures are optimized for accurate de-embedding of pad effects. After measuring the S parameters of the fabricated patterns, double-$\pi$ equivalent circuit parameters are extracted for each device and their geometrical dependences are modeled as scalable functions. The inductor library provides two types of models including standard and symmetric inductors. Standard and symmetric inductors have the range of $0.12{\sim}10.7nH$ and $0.08{\sim}13.6nH$ respectively. The models are valid up to 30GHz or self-resonance frequency. Through this research, a scalable inductor library with an error rate below 10% is developed for $0.13{\mu}m$ RF CMOS process.

한국(韓國) 남부지역(南部地域)의 지각구조(地殼構造)

김성균,정부흥,Kim, Sung Kyun,Jung, Bu Hung 대한자원환경지질학회 1985 자원환경지질 Vol.18 No.2

Events detected by the KIER microearthquake network operated in the Southern Part of Korea for 265 days in 1982~1984 were reviewed, and some of them were identified to be a dynamite explosion from several construction sites. The purpose of the present work is to determine the crustal structure of the Southern Korea using the time-destance data obtained from such explosion seismic records. The time·distance data can be well explained by a crustal model composed of four horizontal layers of which thickness, p and s-wave velocity ($V_p$ and $V_s$) are characterized as follows. 1st layer (surface) ; 0~2km, $V_p=5.5km/sec$, $V_s=3.3km/sec$ 2nd layer (upper crust) ; 2~15km, $V_p=6.0km/sec$, $V_s=3.5km/sec$ 3rd layer (lower crust) ; 15~29km, $V_p=6.6km/sec$, $V_s=3.7km/sec$ 4th layer (upper mantle) ; 29km~ , $V_p=7.7km/sec$, $V_s=4.3km/sec$ The relatively shallow crust·mantle boundary and low $P_n$ velocity compared with the mean values for stable intraplate region are noteworthy. Supposedely, it is responsible for the high heat flow in the South-eastern Korea or an anomalous subterranean mantle. The mean $V_p/V_s$ ratio calculated from the relation between p-wave arrival and s-p arrival times appears to be 1.735 which is nearly equivalent to the elastic medium of ${\lambda}={\mu}$. However, the ratio tends to be slightly larger with the depth. The ratio is rather high compared with that of the adjacent Japanese Island, and the fact suggests that the underlying crust and upper mantle in this region are more ductile and hence the earthquake occurrences are apt to be interrupted. As an alternative curstal model, a seismic velocity structure in which velocities are successively increased with the depth is also proposed by the inversion of the time·distance data. With the velocity profile, it is possible to calculate a travel time table which is appropriate to determine the earthquake parameters for the local events.

갑상선기능항진증 환자 1례에 관한 증례보고

김성균,이한배,이승희,진속창,민건우,정지천,박종혁,Kim, Sung-Kyun,Lee, Han-Bae,Lee, Seung-Hee,Jin, Sok-Chang,Min, Gun-Woo,Jeong, Ji-Cheon,Park, Jong-Hyuck 대한한방내과학회 2002 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.23 No.2

Objective : This study was to investigate diagnosis and treatment based on an overall analysis of signs and symptoms on a hyperthyroid patient. Methods : The observation of the clinical progress was carried out by conducting diagnosis and treatment based on an overall analysis of signs and symptoms with the patient diagnosed hyperthyroidism. Results : Treatments such as the invigoration of qi (益氣) nourishing m (養陰) was given because the patient showed the qi deficiency (氣虛) and m deficiency (陰虛). Conclusion : Diagnosis and treatment based on an overall analysis of signs and symptoms of a hyperthyroid patient had moderate effects on the improvement of the patients condition.

미소지진(微小地震) 장기관측(長期觀測)을 위한 지진기록계(地震記錄計)의 개발(開發)

김성균,조규장,정부흥,문창배,신인철,성낙훈,Kim, Sung Kyun,Cho, Kyu Jang,Chung, Bu Heung,Moon, Chang Bae,Sin, In Chul,Sung, Rack Hoon 대한자원환경지질학회 1988 자원환경지질 Vol.21 No.2

A two channel seismic recorder suitable for long-term observation of microearthquakes is developed. The direct analogue recording on cassette tape is adopted in the recorder whose circuits of amplifier and mortor units of an audio cassette recorder are modified. The recorder provides contineous record of 10 days with DC 12V battery (100AH) and with standard cassette tape of 60 minute use. The binary coded time signals of date, hour, and minute are generated once a minute by the timing system and absolute time input using radio to measure the time drift is also possible. For the seismic signal processing, the analogue signals from audio cassette player pass A/D converter and digitized data are stored in personal computer. Then visual records can be obtained using computer graphic mode. Basic programs "ADCONVO" and "DRAWO" to accomplish A/D conversions, the creation of data files and visualization of signals were written. Some sample signals reproduced from the recorded tape are presented.

한반도내(韓半島內) 주요(主要) 인공구조물(人工構造物)의 적정(適正) 내진설계진도(耐震設計震度)

김성균,Kim, Sung Kyun 대한자원환경지질학회 1986 자원환경지질 Vol.19 No.4

Earthquake disaster is dependent upon both site intensity and strength of structures. The higher the strength, structures become more safe, which in turn increases the construction cost. Therefore, it is necessary to decide an optimum design intensity in which the safety is balanced with the cost. Such an optimum design intensity for major man-made structures in Korea is determined in the present study from a simulation model as follows. 1) Hypothetical earthquake time series are generated from the probability distribution to represent appropriately the seismicity of Korea. 2) The strength of structures constructed with a certain design intensity is assumed to exponentially decrease with the elapsed time. The construction cost is also expressed as a function of design intensity. 3) Comparing the seismic intensity generated from the earthquake time series with the strength of structures, the safety of structures is examined. Then the time until the structure is damaged by an earthquake is obtained within the designed life time. 4) The above simulation is iterated several hundred times and hence the mean life time of structures having a certain design intensity is obtained. 5) After all, the optimum design intensity to minimize the annual mean loss, the ratio of construction cost to mean life time, is estimated. The major conclusions obtained from the above simulation model are as follows. 1) Depending upon the designed life time ($T_p$), the optimum design intensities are appeared to be 0. 05-0. 10g for $T_p=50yr$ and 0. 08-0.13g for $T_p=100yr$. 2) According to the sensitivity analysis, the optimum design intensity increases with the rapid strength decrease of structure and decreases with the increase of initial construction cost.

국내 지진활동 및 지각구조 연구동향

김성균,전명순,전정수,Kim, Sung-Kyun,Jun, Myung-Soon,Jeon, Jeong-Soo 대한자원환경지질학회 2006 자원환경지질 Vol.39 No.4

유라시아판 동남쪽에 위치한 한반도는 판경계로부터 수백 km 떨어진 판내지역에 해당하며, 판내부 지진은 판경계부에서의 지진에 비해 발생하는 지진에 비해 숫자가 상대적으로 적고 크기도 작을 뿐만 아니라 발생 위치도 매우 불규칙한 편이다. 이는 단층의 활동주기가 매우 길다는 것을 의미하므로, 약 2,000년 동안의 지진역사가 기록되어 있는 우리나라는 이들 자료를 정확히 분석하여 역사시대 동안에 발생한 지진의 활동도 및 특성 등을 규명하여야 한다. 역사지진의 자료에 의하면 지진활동은 조선 중기 즉 16-18 세기에 특히 활발했으며 높은 지진활동의 기간은 중국 북동부와 일치하고 있다. 이는 이 두지역의 지진활동이 밀접하게 연관되어 있음을 시사한다. 역사지진 및 계기지진 자료에 의하면 대체로 서해안쪽이 활발하며, 한반도 남동부에서 서북서 방향으로 활발한 양상을 보여준다. 우리나라에서의 근대적 지진관측은 1905년 최초로 인천관측소가 설치되어 광복이전 6개소의 지진관측소를 운영하였다. 그 후 지진관측 공백기를 거쳐 1963년 서울에 세계표준지진계가 설치되었으며 1990 년 초에 기상청은 중앙집중식 12개소의 관측소를 본격적으로 운영하기 시작하였다. 그 후 지속적인 확장을 통해 기상청에서는 속도계관측소 35개소, 가속도 관측소 75개소를, 한국지질자원연구원은 32개소의 속도계관측소, 16개소의 가속도 관측소를, 한국원자력안전기술원은 4개소의 속도계 및 가속도 관측소를, 한국전력연구원은 13개소의 속도계 및 기속도 관측소를 운영하고 있다..27개 지진의 발생원인을 분석한 결과 한반도 및 인접지역에서 발생한 지진의 대부분은 주향이동 단층 운동에 의한 메카니즘과 다소의 역단층 운동이 첨가된 단층운동 특성을 보여준다. 한반도 및 주변에서 단층작용을 일으킨 주응력 방향은 거의 수평한 동북동-서남서 방향으로 같은 판내 지역인 북동부 중국 지역의 주응력 방향과 매우 유사하고 동해 동부와는 상당한 차이를 보인다. 이는 한반도 및 그 주변에서 지진을 일으키는 주응력은 동쪽에서 유라시아판 밑으로 침강하는 태평양판의 영향뿐만 아니라 서남쪽에서 충돌하는 인도판의 영향도 상당히 작용하는 것으로 해석된다. 지각 속도구조는 지진이 발생한 진원의 위치와 지진규모를 정확히 알아내는데 필수적이다. 그 동안 국내 지진관측망 미비, 한반도 내부의 낮은 지진 발생 빈도 등의 이유로 양질의 지진자료를 구하기 어려워 지진자료를 이용한 지각속도 구조에 대한 연구가 극히 제한적으로 이루어질 수밖에 없었다. 그러나 최근에 국내의 여러 지친관측망에서 축적된 지진기록과 반사 및 굴절 탄성파 탐사를 수행하여 종합적으로 지각 속도구조를 규명하기 시작하였다. 이와 같은 인공발파를 이용한 지각속도구조를 규명하기 위해서는 많은 인원과 예산을 필요로 하므로 관련분야의 전문가들의 적극적인 참여가 필요한 상황이다. Korean Peninsula, located on the southeastern part of Eurasian plate, belongs to the intraplate region. The characteristics of intraplate earthquake show the low and rare seismicity and the sparse and irregular distribution of epicenters comparing to interplate earthquake. To evaluate the exact seismic activity in intraplate region, long-term seismic data including historical earthquake data should be archived. Fortunately the long-term historical earthquake records about 2,000 years are available in Korea Peninsula. By the analysis of this historical and instrumental earthquake data, seismic activity was very high in 16-18 centuries and is more active at the Yellow sea area than East sea area. Comparing to the high seismic activity of the north-eastern China in 16-18 centuries, it is inferred that seismic activity in two regions shows close relationship. Also general trend of epicenter distribution shows the SE-NW direction. In Korea Peninsula, the first seismic station was installed at Incheon in 1905 and 5 additional seismic stations were installed till 1943. There was no seismic station from 1945 to 1962, but a World Wide Standardized Seismograph was installed at Seoul in 1963. In 1990, Korean Meteorological Adminstration(KMA) had established centralized modem seismic network in real-time, consisted of 12 stations. After that time, many institutes tried to expand their own seismic networks in Korea Peninsula. Now KMA operates 35 velocity-type seismic stations and 75 accelerometers and Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources operates 32 and 16 stations, respectively. Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety and Korea Electric Power Research Institute operate 4 and 13 stations, consisted of velocity-type and accelerometer. In and around the Korean Peninsula, 27 intraplate earthquake mechanisms since 1936 were analyzed to understand the regional stress orientation and tectonics. These earthquakes are largest ones in this century and may represent the characteristics of earthquake in this region. Focal mechanism of these earthquakes show predominant strike-slip faulting with small amount of thrust components. The average P-axis is almost horizontal ENE-WSW. In north-eastern China, strike-slip faulting is dominant and nearly horizontal average P-axis in ENE-WSW is very similar with the Korean Peninsula. On the other hand, in the eastern part of East Sea, thrust faulting is dominant and average P-axis is horizontal with ESE-WNW. This indicate that not only the subducting Pacific Plate in east but also the indenting Indian Plate controls earthquake mechanism in the far east of the Eurasian Plate. Crustal velocity model is very important to determine the hypocenters of the local earthquakes. But the crust model in and around Korean Peninsula is not clear till now, because the sufficient seismic data could not accumulated. To solve this problem, reflection and refraction seismic survey and seismic wave analysis method were simultaneously applied to two long cross-section traversing the southern Korean Peninsula since 2002. This survey should be continuously conducted.

철겹핍성 빈혈 환자 2례에 대한 임상적 고찰

김성균,심윤섭,한종현,이정희,김은곤,Kim, Sung-Kyun,Shim, Yun-Sueb,Han, Jong-Hyun,Lee, Jung-Hee,Kim, Eun-Gon 대한한방내과학회 2004 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.25 No.4

Iron Deficiency Anemia is defined as deficiency Fe in blood. The causal relationships between this and gastrointestinal bleeding, impaired absorption, excessive menstrual flow and other maladies are not well understood. In oriental medicine Iron Deficiency Anemia is generally characterized as deficiency of ki(氣)and blood(血) defined in terms of hypofunction of the spleen and stomach, and insufficiency of the spleen and kindneys. Two Iron Deficiency Anemia patients were treated with Ickibohyoul-tang, Samchulgunbi-tang, Ickibohyoul-tang ga antler, and Sachulgunbi-tang ga antler. Symptoms improved and Blood exams (RBC, Hb, Hct) yielded higher counts. Further research concerning this is necessary.

한반도-일본열도 사이의 광역지진관측 및 해석 ; 포항 STS지진관측소에서의 광대역, 고감도의 지진관측

김성균,정승환,전명순,경재복,전정수,류용규,가주오 오이케,요시오 후까오,이사오 야마다,게이꼬 이시하라,야수시 이시하라,Kim, Sung Kyun,Chung, Seung Hwan,Jun, Myung Soon,Kyung, Jai Bok,Jeon, Jeong Soo,Ryoo, Yong Gyu,Oike, Kazuo,Fukao, Yoshio,Yamada, Isao 대한자원환경지질학회 1993 자원환경지질 Vol.26 No.1

In order to provide informations for the earth's deep interior and the earthquake mechanism, we have been operating the three components of Streckeisen Seismometers at Pohang Observatory, Korea, as a part of a long period seismic network (POSEIDON) in the northwestern Pacific now under construction. The recording system is specially designed to be able to obtain outputs of broad band and wide dynamic range; BRB (Broad Band), LP (Long Period), and VLP (Very Long Period) output. The triggered BRB and LP signals are digitized with the sampling intervals of 0.1 and 0.4 second, respectively. The lowpass filtered VLP output is digitized and recorded contineously with the sampling interval of 10 seconds. About 120 regional and teleseismic events have been successfully recorded for one and half year since late March, 1991. As a preliminary study, eight events of them are analyzed to determine Rayleigh wave dispersion curves in the period range of 20 to 300 seconds for the continental and oceanic paths. The curves are compared with the typical continental and oceanic ones to discuss the earth's deep interior.

중력탐사에 의한 옥천대 남서부의 지하지질구조(1)

김성균,안건상,오진용,Kim, Sung Kyun,Ahn, Kun Sang,Oh, Jinyong 대한자원환경지질학회 1997 자원환경지질 Vol.30 No.4

As a part of the study to know the deep geological structure of the Ogcheon Zone. gravity survey is performed along the survey line of which direction is roughly perpendicular to major faults of the Zone. Recent studies for petrology. geochemistry. and structural geology in south-western Ogcheon Zone are outlined. Raw gravity data are corrected to obtain Bouguer anomalies and the anomalies are interpreted to obtain subsurface structures along the survey line. The subterranean density discontinuities determined from the power spectrum method are appeared at depths of 15.4 km and 2.8 km. It is considered that the depth of 15.4 km indicates the boundary between upper and lower crust. Probably the depth of 2.8 km represents the boundary between upper volcanic formations and granites. Alternatively. the observed Bouguer anomalies are interpreted in terms of lateral density variation model. Finally. the subterranean geological structure to satisfy the Bouguer anomalies is presented through the iterative forward method in which results obtained from surface geological informations and from the inverse method are adopted as an initial model.

면목역 만남의 광장 설계

김성균,Kim, Sung-Kyun 한국조경학회 2007 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.35 No.1

This paper presents a landscape design for the meeting plaza around the "Myeonmok" subway station. The site is located at 120-1 Myeonmok 1-dong, Jnngrang-gu, Seoul, and its area is approximately $2,664.7m^2$. The goal of the design was to make an environmentally friendly meeting and rest place which was related to the subway station. To achieve this goal, concepts of history, tradition, sense of place, community, environmental friendliness, and function were developed. For history, stone sculpture and art tiles symbolizing the paleolithic area were introduced because the site is located near an archaeological site of paleolithic min. For tradition, considering that the site is a 'sailing ship' form in terms of Pungsu theory, a sculpture symbolizing a sailing ship and paving patterns symbolizing waves were introduced. For asense of place, a grass hill, a waterfall and a pond symbolizing an old meadow for horse pasture was introduced. In addition, a multi-purpose round plaza as a meeting place for local community and subway users was proposed. A zelkova grove symbolizing a village forest was proposed for a restand relaxation area. All areas were designed to be environmentally friendly and barrier-free. Concepts for a defensible space wereadapted for safety because the site was a crime-prone area.