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Iodine-Induced Polymerization of 2-Ethynylpyridine
정승환,박종욱,심상연,진성호,임권택,제갈영순 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.1
The design and synthesis of π-conjugated polymers with peculiar topologies are of interest in various application fields of chemistry. Especially, the ionic conjugated polymers with quaternary nitrogen atoms are of interest because they exhibit ionic conductivity in a material. The non-catalyst polymerization of ethynylpyridines using functional halides has been known to be very effective synthetic method for conjugated polyelectrolytes. Here, we report the synthesis of new conjugated polyelectrolytes by the iodine-induced polymerization of 2-ethynylpyridine. The cyclic voltammetry of polymer exhibited irreversible electrochemical behavior between the oxidation and reduction peaks. The optical absorption spectrum of polymer exhibited characteristic absorption peak in the lower energy regions(up to 800 nm. The PL emission spectrum of polymer shows two peaks at 515 and 550 nm.
신발제조업체 근로자의 톨루엔 및 노말헥산의 노출농도와 생물학적 모니터링
정승환,김형아 가톨릭대학교 산업의학센터 2001 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.40 No.4
Regarding hippuric acid and o-cresol as toluene metabolites, and 2,5-hexanedione(2,5-HD) as a n-hexane metabolite detected in urine. we determined a correlation between level of these metabolites and concentration of toluene and n-hexane in workplace air at a shoe manufacturing factory in Seoul, Korea. Twenty-eight and twenty-nine workers were enrolled as the exposed and non-exposed control, respectively, in this study. Airborne concentrations of various organic solvents emitted from an adhesive glue used in shoe manufacturing processes were measured at the end of shift on Friday afternoon(ESF) using GC/MSD and GC/FID. Levels of urinary hippuric acid and o-cresol were analyzed with GC, and those of 2,5-HD with HPLC. Urine samples were collected for the exposed at four different time points as follows; before shift on Monday morning(BSM). end of shift on Monday afternoon(ESM), end of shift on Wednesday afternoon(ESW) and ESF, and for the controls at ESF. We obtained the results as follows ; 1.Toluene(56.98 ppm), cyclohexane(9.22 ppm), and n-hexane(7.79 ppm) were major organic solvents found in the workplace air. The other fourteen organic solvents including ethylacetate, ethylalcohol, ethylether, ethylbenzene, and benzene were also detected within a range from 0,27 to 4.41 ppm. 2.Geometric mean concentrations of urinary hippuric acid(g/g creatinine). o-cresol(mg/l). and 2.5-HD(mg/g creatinine) were 0.31, 0.21, and 1.00 at BSM, 1.07, 0.54, and 1.47 at ESM, 1.23, 0.59 at ESW. and 1.37, 0.61. and 1.83 at ESF, respectively in the exposed group, indicating a gradual increase in the urinary levels by the end of shift on Friday afternoon. Furthermore, background level of hippuric acid and 2,5-HD measured before shift on Monday morning for the exposed was significantly higher than that of the non-exposed control(0.10 and 0.77, respectively). 3.Correlation coefficient between airborne toluene concentrations and urinary hippuric acid or o-cresol levels was 0.878(P=0.0005) or 0.948(P=0.0001), respectively. The urinary concentration of 2,5-HD was significantly correlated(coefficients, 0.857; P=0.0002) with the airborne level of n-hexane. The regression equation for the three urinary metabolites was as follows; Y(hippuric acid, g/g creatinine)=0.021×(airborne toluene, ppm)+0.256, Y(o-cresol, mg/l)=0.011×(airborne toluene, ppm)+0.024, Y(2,5-HD, mg/g creatinine)=0.122×(airborne n-hexane, ppm)+0.815. As a conclusion, it is suggested to measure hippuric acid and o-cresol as toluene metabolites, and 2,5-hexanedione as a n-hexane metabolite for evaluating workers exposure to toluene and n-hexane in a shoe manufacturing factory. Key Words : Toluene, n-Hexane, Hippuric acid, o-Cresol, 2,5-Hexanedione, Biological monitoring, Shoe manufacturing factory
자율주행자동차 검증을 위한 고위험 시나리오 개발 방법론에 관한 연구
정승환 한국자동차공학회 2024 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.32 No.3
The evaluation and validation processes of autonomous vehicles are as difficult and challenging as thedevelopment process. Autonomous vehicles need to perceive objects and combine them with road conditions, time, and seasons to create various verification and validation conditions. Additionally, autonomous vehicles cannot be validated by the NCAP(New Car Assessment Program) protocol defined for ADAS(Advanced Driver Assistance System) vehicles. Therefore, in this paper, we are proposing a methodology to generate reasonable high-risk scenarios that can be used inevaluating and validating the safety features of autonomous vehicles. The methodology consists of five steps, starting with acquiring an accident database and including the generation of relevant collision equations and estimated speed profiles. High-risk scenarios only include Vehicle-to-Vehicle driving situations, and can be used for the MILS(Model In the Loop Simulation) and VILS(Vehicle In the Loop Simulation) validation of autonomous vehicles after estimating driving speeds. The results of this study confirmed the generation of economical t est scenarios for autonomous vehicles and the reconstruction of reasonable driving situations.
서비스산업의 품질경영기법 적용에 관한 실증적 연구 : 의료서비스산업을 중심으로 Focused in medical industry
정승환,이돈희 漢城大學校 2002 論文集 Vol.26 No.1
본 연구는 제조업체에서 일반화 되어있는 품질경영 기법들의 서비스산업에서의 적용정도를 조사하였으며 품질경영 기법을 전략적 기법과 운영적 기법 등 두가지 분류로 나누어 조사하였다. 연구결과는 의료서비스산업의 경우 품질경영기법들의 활용이 전반적으로 활성화되어 있지 못한 실정이며 특히, 히스토그램, 파래토그램 등의 운영적인 품질경영기법의 활용이 벤치마킹, 6시그마 운동 등 전략적 품질경영기법의 활용보다 상대적으로 매우 저조한 것으로 조사분석 되었다.