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해상전 워게임모델의 교전 피해평가 수준 및 산정방법론 - 함정 피해평가를 중심으로 -
김봉석,최봉완,김종수,Kim, Bong Seok,Choi, Bong Wan,Kim, Chong Su 한국시스템엔지니어링학회 2021 시스템엔지니어링학술지 Vol.17 No.1
Wargame is a simulated military operation with certain rules, specifications, and procedures, in which soldiers can virtually and indirectly experience the war. The ROK Navy operates the Cheonghae model, a training wargame model for helping commanders and staff master the procedures for conducting the war. It is important for commanders, staff and analysts to know whether a warship can perform its missions and how long it can last during a war. In existing model, the Cheonghae, the probability of kill of a warship is calculated simply considering the number of tonnage without any stochastic elements, and the warship's mission availability is also determined based on predetermined values. With this model, it is difficult to get a value of the probability of kill that makes sense. In this dissertation, the author has developed a probabilistic model in which the warship vulnerability data of ROK-JMEM can be used. A conceptual model and methodology that can evaluate the mission performance of personnel, equipment, and supplies has been proposed. This can be expanded to a comprehensive assessment of wartime warship loss rates by integrating damage rates for personnel, equipment, and supplies in wartime.
경두개 도플러 초음파를 이용한 현훈 환자의 뇌혈관 혈류 측정에 관한 임상적 연구 (중대뇌동맥, 추골동맥 및 기저동맥을 중심으로)
김봉석,오중한,김동우,최빈혜,장우석,서영호,손대용,변준석,임회용,Kim, Bong-Suk,Oh, Jung-Han,Kim, Dong-Woo,Choi, Bin-Hye,Jang, Woo-Seok,Seo, Young-Ho,Son, Dae-Yong,Byun, Joon-Seok,Lim, Hee-Yong 대한한방내과학회 2004 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.25 No.3
Objectives : This study was designed to research whether transcranial doppler ultrasound(TCD) can yield a suitable diagnosis or prognosis for dizziness. Methods : To evaluate the blood flow, we measured the mean velocity(Vm), peak systolic velocity(Vs) and pulsatility index(PI) of the middle cerebral artery(MCA), vertebral artery(VA) and basilar artery(BA) in 54 dizziness patients and 44 normal subjects. To investigate the difference between dizziness patients and normal subjects, we selected 54 dizziness patients diagnosed normal by Brain MRI, and 44 normal subjects who did not have any symptoms of hyperlipemia, hypertension, diabetes melitus, heart disease, or smoking, diagnosed normal by Brain MRI. 30-69 year olds were divided into 30-49 year olds, 50-59 year olds and 60-69 year olds. Results : In normal subjects, there was a significantly higher Vm, Vs in the MCA and BA, and Vs in the VA of female subjects, and there was a significant difference in PI in the MCA and BA increasing with age. In comparison with normal subjects, dizziness patients had a significantly lower Vm in the BA. Male dizziness patients had significantly lower PI in the MCA. 30-49 year olds had significantly lower Vm in the BA. Conclusions : The significant difference in blood flow velocities in the BA between dizziness patients and normal subjects suggests that dizziness is related to blocking of blood flow in the BA and that diagnosis and prognosis can be made through TCD. More detailed study of dizziness patients will be needed.
김봉석,김재원,Kim, Bong-Seok,Kim, Jae-Won Korean Society of Electron Microscopy 2011 Applied microscopy Vol.41 No.3
성숙한 2년산 미꾸라지(Misgurnus mizolepis) 친어로부터 3배체를 유도하여 이들 3배체의 정자형성과정에 따른 생식세포의 미세구조를 조사하여 2배체 숫컷과 비교하였다. 3배체 숫컷의 정자형성과정과 세포학적 미세구조는 2배체와 유사한 특징을 나타내었다. 정자변태과정이 일어나는 시기에 3배체의 정소 소엽내 Sertoli cell은 세포질 내 다수의 미토콘드리아 로제트, 소포체, 그리고 소량의 지방적 등을 함유하는 등 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 3배체 숫컷의 정소에서 일부 성숙한 정자들이 식별되었다. 변태를 완료한 3배체의 정자는 두부, 중편 그리고 미부축사로 구성되어 2배체 정자와 같은 anacrosomal aquasperm으로 나타났으나 생식세포 발달단계별 핵의 크기가 2배체보다 크고, 정자를 구성하는 cytoplasmic cannal의 직경이 크며 cytoplasmic collar의길이가 길고 미부축사의 직경이 굵고 두 개 이상의 미부축사를 가지는 등 비정상적인 구조를 나타내었다. Ultrahistology of spermatogenic cells on spermatogenesis were analyzed from triploid males of the mud loach, Misgurnus mizolepis. All the testis of triploid males were smaller in thickness and shorter in length than those of diploid males, but the testes developmental stages in triploid males were very similar to those of diploid males. And cytological characteristics were also almost identical to each other. Also Sertoli cells with high activity were recognized at intralobuli of the testis in triploid males during the period of spermiogenesis. And then a few matured spermatozoa were observed in testis of triploid, and interstitial cells also appeared high active in interlobuli. But nucleus sizes of spermatogenic cells of triploid male according to developmental stages were larger than those of diploid overall. Especially, spermatozoa of triploid showed abnormal morphology such as two or more tail flagella, significantly larger head sizes, nucleus size, and diameter of axial filaments etc. than those from diploid.
Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>:ZnO를 이용하여 제조한 FBAR의 제작 및 열처리에 따른 구조적, 전기적 특성
김봉석,김응권,이태용,오수영,송준태,Kim, Bong-Seok,Kim, Eung-Kwon,Lee, Tae-Yong,Oh, Su-Young,Song, Joon-Tae 한국전기전자재료학회 2007 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.20 No.2
In this study, we fabricated FBAR(film bulk acoustic resonator) by using $Li_{2}CO_{3}:ZnO$ as a function of annealing temperature and concentrated on effect of frequency characteristic of FBAR. The results show that the annealing affects resistivity and crystallity. The optimum properties were observed for film annealed at $500^{\circ}C$. The resistivity was $1.5{\times}10^{11}\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ and the roughness was 21.10 nm. And the return loss is improved from -24.9 at $300^{\circ}C$ to -29.8 at $500^{\circ}C$ without the resonant frequency change. We finally confirmed the improvement on the frequency characteristics of FBAR device by annealing process at the optimized condition.
전기 임피던스 단층촬영 기법에서 여러 정문제 해법들에 대한 성능 비교분석
김봉석,김경연,Kim, Bong Seok,Kim, Kyung Youn 한국전기전자학회 2015 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.19 No.3
전기 임피던스 단층촬영 기법은 대상체 표면의 전극들을 통해 주입시킨 전류 데이터와 이에 유기되는 측정 전압 데이터를 기반으로 내부의 도전율 분포를 가시화하는 기법이다. 이 논문에서는 완전전극 모델을 사용한 해석적 방법의 해법을 유도하고 전압을 계산하였다. 그리고 기존의 수치적 해법인 유한 요소법과 경계 요소법을 사용하여 전압 데이터를 또한 계산하였다. 배경이 균질한 경우와 비균질한 경우에 대해 각 정문제 해법의 해를 실험 데이터 와 비교하였다. 그리고 평균 제곱근 오차를 계산하여 정문제 해법들의 오차를 비교분석하였다. Electrical impedance tomography is an imaging technique to reconstruct the internal conductivity distribution based on applied small currents and measured voltages through an array of electrodes attached on the boundary of a domain of interest. In this paper, an analytical solver with complete electrode model is derived and the analytical voltage data are calculated. Moreover, the voltage data are also computed with existing numerical solvers such as finite element method and boundary element method. The forward solutions using homogeneous and inhomogeneous conditions are compared with phantom experiments through the root mean square errors.
다층박막을 이용한 Ga-doped ZnO 투명전도막의 특성
김봉석,이규일,강현일,이태용,오수영,이종환,송준태,Kim, Bong-Seok,Lee, Kyu-Il,Kang, Hyun-Il,Lee, Tae-Yong,Oh, Su-Young,Lee, Jong-Hwan,Song, Joon-Tae 한국전기전자재료학회 2007 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.20 No.12
With development of electronic products the demands for miniaturization and weight-lightening have increased until a recent date. Accordingly, The effort to substitute glass substrates was widely made. However, polymer substrates have weak point that substrates were damaged at high temperature. In this paper, we deposited transparent conductive film at low temperature. And we inserted Au thin film between oxide to compensate for deteriorated electrical characteristics. Ga-doped ZnO(GZO) multilayer coatings were deposited on glass substrate by DC sputtering. The optimization of deposition conditions of both AZO and Au layers were performed to obtain better electrical and optical characteristics in advance. We presumed that the properties of multilayer were affected by the deposition process of both GZO and Au layers. The best multilayer coating exhibited the resistivity of $2.72{\times}10^{-3}\;{\Omega}-cm$ and transmittance of 77 %. From these results, we can confirm a possibility of the application as transparent conductive electrodes.
반하백출천마탕(半夏白朮天麻湯)이 Doxorubicin에 의해 유발(誘發)된 독성(毒性)에 미치는 영향(影響)
김봉석,오중환,임희용,백정한,박치상,김상찬,변준석,황희정,Kim Bong-Suk,Oh Jung-Han,Lim Hee-Yong,Beak Jung-Han,Park Chi-Sang,Kim Sang-Chan,Byun Joon-Seok,Hwang Hui-Jeung 대한한방내과학회 2003 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.24 No.2
Object : The effect of Banhabakchulchunma-tang extracts on the hepatic, splenic and cardiac toxicity induced by Doxorubicin administration(Three injection protocol) were monitored using male ICR mice. Methods : The changes of body weight, clinical signs, necropsy findings and organ weights of liver, spleen and heart were observed with blood GOT and GPT levels. Results : 1. Decrease of body weight and The degrees of anorexia, ataxia and dehydration after Doxorubicin treatment were dose-dependently inhibited by Banhabakchulchunma-tang extracts. 2. Increase of absolute and relative liver and heart weight observed in Doxorubicin treatment group were dose-dependently inhibited by Banhabakchulchunma-tang extracts. In addition, the degrees of liver congestion necrotic spot and the degrees of heart congestion enlargement were dose-dependently decreased after Banhabakchulchunma-tang extracts dosing groups compared to that of doxorubicin treatment group. It is also demonstrated that elevated serum GOT and GPT levels in doxorubicin treatment group were significantly decreased in Banhabakchulchunma-tang extracts dosing groups. 3. Decrease of absolute and relative spleen weight observed in doxorubicin treatment group were dose-dependently inhibited by Banhabakchulchunma-tang extracts. In addition, the degrees of splenic atrophy were significantly and dose-dependently decreased after Banhabakchulchunma-tang extracts dosing groups compared to that of doxorubicin treatment group. Conclusion : the toxicity of doxorubicin treatment(decrease of body weights, clinical signs such as anorexia, ataxia and dehydration, changes of organ weights of liver, spleen and heart, elevation of serum GOT and GPT levels) was inhibited and/or prevented by Banhabakchulchunma-tang extracts. According to these results, it is considered that Banhabakchulchunma-tang has some preventive effect against to doxorubicin induced toxicity.
전기 임피던스 단층촬영 기법에서 수정된 가우스-뉴턴 방법을 이용한 도전율 영상 복원
김봉석,박형준,김경연,Kim, Bong Seok,Park, Hyung Jun,Kim, Kyung Youn 한국전기전자학회 2015 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.19 No.2
Electrical impedance tomography is an imaging technique to reconstruct the internal conductivity distribution based on applied currents and measured voltages in a domain of interest. In this paper, a modified Gauss-Newton method is proposed for conductivity image reconstruction. In the proposed method, the dimension of the inverse term is reduced by replacing the number of elements with the number of measurement data in the conductivity updating equation of the conventional Gauss-Newton method. Therefore, the computation time is greatly reduced as compared to the conventional Gauss-Newton method. Moreover, the regularization parameter is selected by computing the minimum-maximum from the diagonal components of the Jacobian matrix at every iteration. The numerical experiments with several scenarios were carried out to evaluate the reconstruction performance of the proposed method. 전기 임피던스 단층촬영 기법은 전극들을 통해 전류를 주입하고 이에 유기되는 전압을 측정한 후, 이들 데이터를 기반으로 내부의 도전율 분포를 영상으로 복원하는 방법이다. 이 논문에서는 기존의 Gauss-Newton 방법의 역행렬 항목의 차원을 도메인의 원소의 개수가 아닌 데이터의 개수의 차원으로 바꿔줌으로써, 관심 도메인 내부의 도전율 분포를 보다 빠르게 추정할 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다. 그리고 자코비안 행렬의 대각성분의 최소-최대를 이용하여 조정인자를 계산하는 방법을 함께 제안하였다. 몇 가지 시나리오를 설정하고 모의실험을 통해 제안한 방법의 복원 성능을 비교분석하였다.