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      • KCI등재

        요중 카드뮴과 비소의 보정방법 비교 : 요중 크레아티닌과 요비중

        김동경,송지원,박정덕,최병선,Kim, Dong-Kyeong,Song, Ji-Won,Park, Jung-Duck,Choi, Byung-Sun 한국환경보건학회 2011 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.37 No.6

        Objectives: Biomarkers in urine are important in assessing exposures to environmental or occupational chemicals and for evaluateing renal function by exposure from these chemicals. Spot urine samples are needed to adjust the concentration of these biomarkers for variations in urine dilution. This study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of adjusting the urinary concentration of cadmium (uCd) and arsenic (uAs) by specific gravity (SG) and urine creatinine (uCr). Methods: We measured the concentrations of blood cadmium (bCd), uCd, uAs, uCr, SG and N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity, which is a sensitive marker of tubular damage by low dose Cd exposure, in spot urine samples collected from 536 individuals. The value of uCd, uAs and NAG were adjusted by SG and uCr. Results: The uCr levels were affected by gender (p < 0.01) and muscle mass (p < 0.01), while SG levels were affected by gender (p < 0.05). Unadjusted uCd and uAs were correlated with SG (uCd: r = 0.365, p < 0.01; uAs: r = 0.488, p < 0.01), uCr (uCd: r = 0.399, p < 0.01; uAs: r = 0.484, p < 0.01). uCd and uAs adjusted by SG were still correlated with SG (uCd: r = 0.360, p < 0.01, uAs: r = 0.483, p < 0.01). uCd and uAs adjusted by uCr and modified uCr ($M_{Cr}$) led to a significant negative correlation with uCr (uCd: r = -0.367, p < 0.01; uAs: r = -0.319, p < 0.01) and $M_{Cr}$ (uCd: r = -0.292, p < 0.01; uAs: r = -0.206, p < 0.01). However, uCd and uAs adjusted by conventional SG ($C_{SG}$) were disappeared from these urinary dilution effects (uCd: r = -0.081; uAs: r = 0.077). Conclusions: $C_{SG}$ adjustment appears to be more appropriate for variations in cadmium and arsenic in spot urine.

      • KCI등재

        정도전의 『진법(陣法)』과 태조대 군사력 재건

        김동경 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2011 한국문화 Vol.53 No.-

        Military formation is the way of an arrangement of forces. Military formation in the early Joseon Dynasty, however, is not only the way of arrangement of forces but also very important material can be showed military systems of Joseon Dynasty. Through formations, structures of military formations, and the tactics of mobile warfare, the Jinbup had been preserving the answer of problems faced with Joseon Dynasty at that times of publishing the Jinbup. The function of the Jinbup is the unification of military forces through the five-formation systems. Cental armies were established through the period of reconstructing military forces in the change era within Yuen and Myung Dynasty in the founding term of Joeseon Dynasty, tables of organization and ways of basic training which can reinforce local military forces were supplied, and Joseon's army were got the military advantages of nomadic and settler’s army through the training of the art of war(講武) and the Royal ceremony of grand military training(大閱儀) by Jung Do-Jeon. Joesoen’s army trained by the Jinbup from basic training to the training of the art of war(講武) and the Royal ceremony of grand military training(大 閱儀) were balanced with nomadic and settler’s merits of military forces. In cultural perspective, Agricultural settler's of Joseon Dynasty faced the dillema when pursuing nomadic military tradition to secure large quantity of military manpowers in terms of high-quality cavalries, and Joseon Dynasty’s nomadic characteristic changes to that of settlers. Therefore it can be referred that paced with development of military formation in the early Joseon Dynasty, the Joseon’s way of war-performance and military tradition is changed. Military formation is the way of an arrangement of forces. Military formation in the early Joseon Dynasty, however, is not only the way of arrangement of forces but also very important material can be showed military systems of Joseon Dynasty. Through formations, structures of military formations, and the tactics of mobile warfare, the Jinbup had been preserving the answer of problems faced with Joseon Dynasty at that times of publishing the Jinbup. The function of the Jinbup is the unification of military forces through the five-formation systems. Cental armies were established through the period of reconstructing military forces in the change era within Yuen and Myung Dynasty in the founding term of Joeseon Dynasty, tables of organization and ways of basic training which can reinforce local military forces were supplied, and Joseon's army were got the military advantages of nomadic and settler’s army through the training of the art of war(講武) and the Royal ceremony of grand military training(大閱儀) by Jung Do-Jeon. Joesoen’s army trained by the Jinbup from basic training to the training of the art of war(講武) and the Royal ceremony of grand military training(大 閱儀) were balanced with nomadic and settler’s merits of military forces. In cultural perspective, Agricultural settler's of Joseon Dynasty faced the dillema when pursuing nomadic military tradition to secure large quantity of military manpowers in terms of high-quality cavalries, and Joseon Dynasty’s nomadic characteristic changes to that of settlers. Therefore it can be referred that paced with development of military formation in the early Joseon Dynasty, the Joseon’s way of war-performance and military tradition is changed.

      • KCI등재

        코로나19 방역에 대한 신뢰성이 한국 국가 브랜드태도와 서울 도시 브랜드태도에 미치는 영향

        김동경,최호진,전종우 한국PR학회 2022 PR연구 Vol.26 No.1

        본 연구는 코로나19 시기에 중국인들을 대상으로 한국의 국가 브랜드와 서울의 도시 브랜드 구축에 관한 논의를 하고 있다. 본 연구는 분석 표본을 모으고 제안된 연구모델을 검증하기 위해 전문 조사회사를 고용하여 설문조사 방법을 사용하였다. 연구 결과, 건강에 민감한 중국인들은 한국에 대한 태도를 호의적으로 평가하고 있어 코로나19 방역에 있어 한국의 호의적인 이미지를 보여주고 있다. 한국 정부에 대한 신뢰는 한국에 대한 태도와 서울시에 대한 태도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있었다. 또한 한국의 국가 브랜드가 서울의 도시브랜드에 미치는 영향을 개별 태도 간의 관계를 통해 검증하였다. 마지막으로 서울시에 대한 태도가 서울 방문 의도를 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 코로나19 팬데믹 시기에 국가나 도시의 방역 역량이 브랜드 이미지에 영향을 미친다는 것을 보여 주고 국가 브랜드와 도시브랜드 사이의 유기적인 연상에 대해 설명하고 있다. 도시 브랜드 차원에서 실무적인 시사점도 제공하고 있다.

      • Urease 저해활성 측정 cuvette assay에 의한 중금속 이온 검출

        김동경,박경림,강은미,박인선,남수,Kim, Dong-Kyung,Park, Kyung-Rim,Kang, Eun-Mi,Park, In-Seon,Kim, Nam-Soo 한국응용생명화학회 2003 한국농화학회지 Vol.46 No.2

        Urease 활성이 중금속 이온에 의하여 저해되는 현상을 알아보기 위하여 발색시약을 사용하는 광학적인 방법으로 효소반응에 의한 암모니아 발생량을 측정하였다. 암모니아 농도에 따른 cuvette assay 시의 흡광도 중가는 암모니아 농도 3.0 mg/l 까지 직선성을 보였으며 이 때의 상관계수는 0.998(r)이었다. 중금속 이온에 의한 urease의 저해활성을 알아보기 위하여 기질에 단일 중금속 이온의 농도별 용액을 가하여 흡광도를 측정한 결과 효소의 저해도는 Hg(II)>Pb(II)>Cu(II)>Cd(II)>Zn(II) 이온의 순으로 나타났다. 한 가지의 중금속 이온 농도를 고정하고 다른 중금속 이온을 각기 다른 농도로 가하면서 urease활성을 측정하였을 때 효소의 저해도는 대체로 개별 중금속 이온에 의한 저해의 총합으로 나타났다. 상기의 결과는 본 연구의 방법이 Hg(II) 이온에 대한 선택적 검출법으로서 뿐만 아니라 여러 형태의 시료 중에 존재가능한 중금속 이온들을 정성적으로 판별하는 방법으로 활용될 수 있음을 보여주었다. To determine the urease inhibitory activity of various heavy metal ions, a photometric cuvette assay for measuring ammonia production was developed. In this assay, the absorbance values at 630 m were linearly increased according to the ammonia concentrations up to 3.0 mg/l (r : 0.998). The urease inhibitions upon addition of a single species of heavy metal ions were in the decreasing order of Hg(II) > Pb(II) > Cu(II) > Cd(II) > Zn(II) ions. As expected, the urease inhibitions at a fixed concentration of a single species and at varying concentrations of other species occurred in the additive way. The above results show the applicability of the current method to the selective detection on Hg(II) ions as well as the screening of heavy metal ions possibly present at various samples.

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