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RF 마그네트론 스퍼터로 증착된 In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 박막의 질소분위기 열처리에 따른 특성변화
공영민,이영진,허성보,이학민,서민수,김유성,김대일,Kong, Young-Min,Lee, Young-Jin,Heo, Sung-Bo,Lee, Hak-Min,Seo, Min-Su,Kim, Yu-Sung,Kim, Dae-Il 한국재료학회 2012 한국재료학회지 Vol.22 No.1
$In_2O_3$ films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering on a glass substrate and then the effect of post deposition annealing in nitrogen atmosphere on the structural, optical and electrical properties of the films was investigated. After deposition, the annealing process was conducted for 30 minutes at 200 and $400^{\circ}C$. XRD pattern analysis showed that the as deposited films were amorphous. When the annealing temperature reached 200-$400^{\circ}C$, the intensities of the $In_2O_3$ (222) major peak increased and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the $In_2O_3$ (222) peak decreased due to the crystallization. The films annealed at $400^{\circ}C$ showed a grain size of 28 nm, which was larger than that of the as deposited amorphous films. The optical transmittance in the visible wavelength region also increased, while the electrical sheet resistance decreased. In this study, the films annealed at $400^{\circ}C$ showed the highest optical transmittance of 76% and also showed the lowest sheet resistance of $89{\Omega}/\Box$. The figure of merit reached a maximum of $7.2{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}^{-1}$ for the films annealed at $400^{\circ}C$. The effect of the annealing on the work-function of $In_2O_3$ films was considered. The work-function obtained from annealed films at $400^{\circ}C$ was 7.0eV. Thus, the annealed $In_2O_3$ films are an alternative to ITO films for use as transparent anodes in OLEDs.
아시아재단 지원을 통한 김용환의 미국 기행과 기행 만화
공영민 ( Kong Young-min ) 인하대학교 한국학연구소 2016 한국학연구 Vol.0 No.40
6.25전쟁 전후 한국을 지원한 미국의 대외원조 민간단체인 아시아재단(The Asia Foundation)은 지식인 중심의 교육·문화 프로그램 개발 전략을 취했다. 1951년 자유아시아위원회(Committee for Free Asia, CFA)로 출범, 1954년 한국 지부를 설치한 아시아재단은 문화계 각 단체들과 인사들을 적극적으로 지원하며 한국 문화계 활동에 직·간접적으로 영향을 끼쳤다. 아시아재단 사업의 기저에는 여타의 대한원조 사업과 마찬가지로 냉전체제 하 반공주의의 확산과 친미 사상의 침투라는 1차적인 목적이 존재한 것이 사실이다. 하지만 그 이면에는 아시아재단이 프로그램의 주체로 포섭하고자 한 지식인과 문화인 개개인들과 그들이 소속된 학계와 문화계를 파악해나가는 과정 속에서 끊임없이 프로그램을 수정하고 변경해 사업의 목표를 재설정해나간 흥미로운 지점들이 존재한다. 이에 본고는 1955년 아시아재단의 지원을 받아 미국 기행을 경험한 만화가 김용환의 개인 파일을 통해 이러한 재단 초기 사업의 변화과정을 고찰한다. 김용환 개인 파일의 경우 아시아재단의 프로그램 수정·개발 과정과 사업계획 변화의 단초를 면밀히 보여주고 있는 기록이라는 데 의의가 있다. 따라서 프로그램의 진행과정을 면밀히 살핀 후 지원의 대상이 된 김용환의 귀국 후 작업 활동과 회고를 통해 1950년대 아시아재단의 활동이 김용환 개인, 더 나아가서 한국문화계에 어떤 의의를 갖는지를 유추한다. The Asia Foundation, the U.S foreign aid non-governmental organization, that supported Korea before and after the Korean War took a strategy of developing educational and cultural program centered with intellectuals. Founded in 1951, Committee for Free Asia changed its name as the Asia Foundation and established a Korean branch in 1954. While the Asia Foundation actively supported the cultural figures and organizations, influenced the field of Korean culture directly and indirectly. At the base of the works of the Asia Foundation as similar with the works of other foreign aid to Korea, the primary purpose was to disseminate the anti-communism under the cold war system and penetrate pro-Americanism. However, on the flip side, there had been interesting points where the Asia Foundation continuously modified and change the programs and eventually reset its purpose according to the process of understanding the academia and cultural field where the intellectuals and individuals were taken into the programs. This article contemplates the shaping process of early work of the Asia Foundation through the personal files of Cartoonist KIM Yong-Hwan who traveled to the U.S. with the support of the Asia Foundation in 1955. The significance of KIM Yong-Hwan’s personal files lay with the fact that they are documenting the detailed clues of developing and modifying process of programs and change of work plan of the Asia Foundation. Therefore, this article examines the process of the program and follows the works and recollections after KIM Yong-Hwan’s return from the travel and by doing so, infers how the operation of the Asia Foundation during the 1950s signified to KIM Young-Hwan personally and furthermore to the field of Korean culture.
공영민,이학민,허성보,김선광,유용주,김대일,Kong, Young-Min,Lee, Hak-Min,Huh, Sung-Bo,Kim, Sun-Kwang,You, Yong-Zoo,Kim, Dae-Il 한국재료학회 2010 한국재료학회지 Vol.20 No.12
ZnO thin films were prepared on a glass substrate by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering without intentional substrate heating and then surfaces of the ZnO films were irradiated with intense electrons in vacuum condition to investigate the effect of electron bombardment on crystallization, surface roughness, morphology and hydrogen gas sensitivity. In XRD pattern, as deposited ZnO films show a higher ZnO (002) peak intensity. However, the peak intensity for ZnO (002) is decreased with increase of electron bombarding energy. Atomic force microscope images show that surface morphology is also dependent on electron bombarding energy. The surface roughness increases due to intense electron bombardment as high as 2.7 nm. The observed optical transmittance means that the films irradiated with intense electron beams at 900 eV show lower transmittance than the others due to their rough surfaces. In addition, ZnO films irradiated by the electron beam at 900 eV show higher hydrogen gas sensitivity than the films that were electron beam irradiated at 450 eV. From XRD pattern and atomic force microscope observations, it is supposed that intense electron bombardment promotes a rough surface due to the intense bombardments and increased gas sensitivity of ZnO films for hydrogen gas. These results suggest that ZnO films irradiated with intense electron beams are promising for practical high performance hydrogen gas sensors.
다공성 SiC-Si 복합체의 전기비저항에 미치는 Si 첨가량의 영향
전신희,이원주,공영민,Jun, Shinhee,Lee, Wonjoo,Kong, Young-Min 한국재료학회 2015 한국재료학회지 Vol.25 No.5
To fabricate porous SiC-Si composites for heating element applications, both SiC powders and Si powders were mixed and sintered together. The properties of the sintered SiC-Si body were investigated as a function of SiC particle size and/or Si particle contents from 10 wt% to 40 wt%, respectively. Porous SiC-Si composites were fabricated by Si bonded reaction at a sintering temperature of $1650^{\circ}C$ for 80 min. The microstructure and phase analysis of SiC-Si composites that depend on Si particle contents were characterized using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The electrical resistivity of SiC-Si composites was also evaluated using a 4-point probe resistivity method. The electrical resistivity of the sintered SiC-Si body sharply decreased as the amount of Si addition increased. We found that the electrical resistivity of porous SiC-Si composites is closely related to the amount of Si added and at least 20 wt% Si are needed in order to apply the SiCSi composites to the heating element.
정전 분무 공정으로 제조된 Fe-Cr-Al 분말 다공체 금속의 고온 산화 특성에 미치는 기공 크기의 영향
오재성,공영민,김병기,이기안,Oh, Jae-Sung,Kong, Young-Min,Kim, Byoung-Kee,Lee, Kee-Ahn 한국분말야금학회 2014 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.21 No.1
Fe-Cr-Al powder porous metal was manufactured by using new electro-spray process. First, ultra-fine fecralloy powders were produced by using the submerged electric wire explosion process. Evenly distributed colloid (0.05~0.5% powders) was dispersed on Polyurethane foam through the electro-spray process. And then degreasing and sintering processes were conduced. In order to examine the effect of cell size ($200{\mu}m$, $450{\mu}m$, $500{\mu}m$) in process, pre-samples were sintered for two hours at temperature of $1450^{\circ}C$, in $H_2$ atmospheres. A 24-hour thermo gravimetric analysis test was conducted at $1000^{\circ}C$ in a 79% $N_2$ + 21% $O_2$ to investigate the high temperature oxidation behavior of powder porous metal. The results of the high temperature oxidation tests showed that oxidation resistance increased with increasing cell size. In the $200{\mu}m$ porous metal with a thinner strut and larger specific surface area, the depletion of the stabilizing elements such as Al and Cr occurred more quickly during the high-temperature oxidation compared with the 450, $500{\mu}m$ porous metals.
질소 이온이 주입된 STS 316L 스테인리스 강에서의 상변화와 집합조직이 내식성에 미치는 영향
전신희,공영민,Jun, Shinhee,Kong, Young-Min 한국재료학회 2015 한국재료학회지 Vol.25 No.6
In this study, nitrogen ions were implanted into STS 316L austenitic stainless steel by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) to improve the corrosion resistance. The implantation of nitrogen ions was performed with bias voltages of -5, -10, -15, and -20 kV. The implantation time was 240 min and the implantation temperature was kept at room temperature. With nitrogen implantation, the corrosion resistance of 316 L improved in comparison with that of the bare steel. The effects of nitrogen ion implantation on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of the specimen were investigated by the potentiodynamic polarization test, which was conducted in a 0.5 M $H_2SO_4$ solution at $70^{\circ}C$. The phase evolution and texture caused by the nitrogen ion implantation were analyzed by an X-ray diffractometer. It was demonstrated that the samples implanted at lower bias voltages, i.e., 5 kV and 10 kV, showed an expanded austenite phase, ${\gamma}_N$, and strong (111) texture morphology. Those samples exhibited a better corrosion resistance.
X-ray 회절의 반치전폭(FWHM)을 이용한 Y-TZP세라믹스에서 반복 열응력에 의한 입계크기 분석
최진삼,박규열,공영민,Choi, Jinsam,Park, Kyu Yeol,Kong, Young-Min 한국재료학회 2019 한국재료학회지 Vol.29 No.4
As a case study on aspect ratio behavior, Kaolin, zeolite, $TiO_2$, pozzolan and diatomaceous earth minerals are investigated using wet milling with 0.3 pai media. The grinding process using small media of 0.3 pai is suitable for current work processing applications. Primary particles with average particle size distribution D50, ${\sim}6{\mu}m$ are shifted to submicron size, D50 ${\sim}0.6{\mu}m$, after grinding. Grinding of particles is characterized by various size parameters such as sphericity as geometric shape, equivalent diameter, and average particle size distribution. Herein, we systematically provide an overview of factors affecting the primary particle size reduction. Energy consumption for grinding is determined using classical grinding laws, including Rittinger's and Kick's laws. Submicron size is obtained at maximum frictional shear stress. Alterations in properties of wettability, heat resistance, thermal conductivity, and adhesion increase with increasing particle surface area. In the comparison of the aspect ratio of the submicron powder, the air heat conductivity and the total heat release amount increase 68 % and 2 times, respectively.