시설 수박 흰가루병 방제를 위한 살균제 교차방제 체계

강효중,김영상,한봉태,김태일,노재관,김이기,신현동 한국식물병리학회 2014 식물병연구 Vol.20 No.1

Alternative spraying was developed using fungicides and potassium phosphonate to control watermelonpowdery mildew (WPM) caused by Sphaerotheca fusca under greenhouse condition. In 2010 trial, a total of 9combinations of 6 fungicides which are legally registered in Korea and currently used on watermelon farmswere tested for the control efficacy against WPM. Though the combination of chlorothalonil (Chl)-myclobutanil(My)-fenarimol (Fen)-hexaconazole (Hex) was the most effective (82.6%) in the first-year trial, it had theproblem that My, Fen and Hex have the same mode of action. Therefore, in the second-year trial to improvethe fungicide combination and to reduce fungicide application, fungicides and potassium phosphonate (P)combinations were tested for WPM control using 500 ppm aqueous potassium phosphonate solution whichis both eco-friendly and showing different mode of action from the fungicides tested. The P-My-Fen-Hexapplied at 10-day intervals provided relatively high control (75.6%), whereas Chl-My-Fen-P provided 31.8%control. To improve the control, fungicides and P were applied at 7-day intervals in the third-year trial. ThoughChl-My-Fen-Hex provided the highest control (89.6%), P-My-Fen-Hex also provided relatively high control(83.5%) compared to 65.9 % control with Chl-My-Fen-P, which suggests that Chl-My-Fen-Hex could be replacedwith P-My-Fen-Hex for WPM control.

Cladosporium cucumerinum에 의한 오이 검은별무늬병

강효중,차병진,이기열,안기수,윤경호,민경범 한국식물병리학회 1997 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.13 No.5

Rhizoctonia solani에 의한 삼백초 검은줄기썩음병(가칭)

강효중,민경범,이기열,안기수,윤경호,박부규 한국식물병리학회 1998 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.14 No.2

2008-2009년 충북지역 벼 줄무늬잎마름병 발생 요인 분석

강효중,안기수,한종우,정경헌,박세정,지재준,김정수 한국식물병리학회 2010 식물병연구 Vol.16 No.2

The occurrence factors of Rice stripe virus (RSV) in Chungcheongbukdo were analyzed by investigating the viruliferous insect rate (VIR) of overwintered small brown plant hopper (SBPH), the population density of SBPH, the infection rate of natural host plants, and the occurrence rate of RSV on rice paddy fields at the 3areas of Cheongwon, Jincheon, and Boeun in 2008 and 2009. The average VIR of overwintered SBPH was 0.0% in 2008 and 1.1% in 2009. From SBPH collected on early June in 2009, VIR was higher as 1.4% at Jincheon and 4.2% at Boeun than those of overwintered SBPH, and this higher VIR might relate stronlgy with the adult population of SBPH immigrated from China. The populations of SBPH at Cheongwon,Jincheon and Boeun in 2008 were 3.8, 7.5 and 20.8 Head/㎡, respectively. However, those of Cheongwon and Jincheon increased up to about two folds as 8.4 and 13.1 in 2009. No RSV was detected on the natural host plants including barley. The factors involved in RSV occurrence were affected negatively by the low VIR of overwintered SBPH, the low population of overwintered SBPH, the low infection rate of RSV on the natural host plants, and the clean cultivation environment in Chungcheongbukdo. 충북지역의 벼 줄무늬잎마름병 발생 요인을 분석하기 위하여 2008년과 2009년 충북도내 청원, 진천, 보은 등 3개 지역에서 월동 애멸구 보독충율 및 애멸구 밀도, 자연 기주 식물의 바이러스 감염율, 농가 포장에서의 벼 줄무늬잎마름병 발생율을 조사하였다. 월동 애멸구의 보독충율은 2008년에 0%, 2009년에는 1.1%로 나타났다. 2009년 6월 상순 채집된 시료의 보독충율은 진천 1.4%, 보은 4.2%로 월동 애멸구의 보독충율보다 높게 나타났으며 이는 2009년 중국에서 비래한 애멸구 성충 집단과 관련이 있는 것으로 추정된다. 월동 애멸구 밀도는 2008년에는 청원 3.8, 진천 7.5, 보은 20.8마리/m2, 2009년에는 청원 8.4, 진천 13.1, 보은 14.6마리/㎡로 나타났다. 2009년 2차 조사(5월 상순)와 3차 조사(6월 상순)에서도 매우 낮은 밀도를 보였으나 3차 조사 시기에 일부 지점에서는 성충 태로 높은 밀도를 나타냈으며 이들은 국내에서 월동한 애멸구가 아닌 2009년 중국에서 비래한 애멸구 집단과 관련이 있는 것으로 추정된다. 자연 기주 식물에서 RSV가 감염된 시료는 없었다. 따라서 이러한 결과로부터 월동 애멸구의 낮은 보독충율과 밀도, 자연 기주 식물의 낮은 감염율 및 적절한 재배관리 등 복합적 요인으로 인하여 지금까지 충북지역에서 RSV 발생이 낮았던 것으로 사료된다.

고추 역병 피해 해석과 방제가 필요한 발병수준의 설정

강효중,정경헌,안기수,한종우,김상희,김이기 한국식물병리학회 2011 식물병연구 Vol.17 No.1

Incidence of Phytophthora blight of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) and yield (fresh weight) of pepper fruits were investigated at four separate fields located in Cheongwon, Boeun, Eumsung, and Goesan, which are major pepper production areas in Chungcheongbuk-Do. In all of the experimental fields except the Goesan field, increased incidence of Phytophthora blight led to decreased yield of pepper fruits. The harvest time in which the yield of red pepper fruits was highly correlated with the incidence of Phytophthora blight was different between areas: it was highly correlated in the third harvest in Cheongwon (y=−11.0x+435.2, r^2=0.99), but in the second harvest in Boeun (y=−15.0x+944.6, r^2=0.76). In contrast, there was a very low correlation between the pepper yield and the disease incidence in Goesan in which pepper seedlings grafted on resistant stocks were planted. The final disease incidence in the Cheongwon experimental field reached 100% more than 40 days later in 2007 compared with that in 2006. The control threshold of Phytophthora blight in the pepper fields where disease incidence had been lower than 5% was set as 0.8% disease incidence,which caused less than 5% yield loss. 충북의 고추 주산지인 청원, 보은, 음성, 괴산의 포장에서 고추 역병 발생에 따른 이병주율과 수량과의 관계를 조사하였다. 괴산을 제외한 3개의 시험포장에서 고추 역병의 증가는 수량감소를 가져왔다. 고추 역병 이병주율과 수량 사이의 높은 상관을 나타내는 수확시기는 청원에서는 3차, 보은에서는 2차 수확기로 나타나 지역별로 다소 차이를 보였다. 이와는 달리 저항성 대목을 이용하여 접목재배를 한 괴산 시험포장에서는 고추 역병 발생량과 수량 사이에 매우 낮은 상관을 나타냈다. 청원 시험 포장에서 이병주율 100%에 도달하는 데 소요되는 시기는 2006년에 비해 2007년에 40일 이상 늦어졌다. 고추 역병 발생이 적었던 포장(이병주율 5% 이하)에서 수량감소 5%를 가져오는 고추 역병 요방제 수준은 0.8%로 설정되었다.

Xylogone ganodermophthora 배양체 추출물 및 아인산칼륨 수용액을 이용한 시설수박 흰가루병 발생 억제효과

강효중,김영상,김태일,정택구,한종우,남상영,김익제 한국식물병리학회 2015 식물병연구 Vol.21 No.4

Xylogone ganodermophthora (Xg) is an ascomycetous fungus that causes yellow rot on cultivated Ganoderma lucidum. Previously, we reported in vitro antifungal activities of a Xg culture extract against several watermelon pathogens. In 2014, we conducted greenhouse experiments to evaluate the control efficacy of a water extract of cultured Xg on watermelon powdery mildew (WPM). The test material (stock solution, ca. 4,000 mg/ ml) was prepared by an autoclaved Xg culture in water at a ratio of 800 g of culture per 6 liter of water, and then filtering it through filter paper. Six foliar applications of the solutions (diluted 100- and 1,000-fold) significantly suppressed the formation of conidiophores and conidia. The inhibitory effect of aqueous potassium phosphonate solution on the disease and its phytotoxicity was tested. Phytotoxicity on watermelon plants was observed at concentrations of 1,000 and 2,000 mg/ml as irregular brownish spots. The control efficacies against WPM were 91.9% at 2,000 mg/ml, 64.9% at 1,000 mg/ml, and 62.2% at 500 mg/ml. 자일로곤 가노데르모프쏘라는 자낭균의 일종으로 영지버섯에 노랑병을 일으키는 곰팡이다. 선행 연구에서 저자들은 이 곰팡이의 배양체 추출물이 배양기상에서 몇 가지 수박 병원균에대하여 항진균활성을 나타낸다고 보고한 바 있다. 흰가루병에대한 방제효과를 평가하기 위하여 2014년에 비닐하우스에서시험을 수행하였다. 시험물질(원액 약 4,000 mg/ml)은 배양체800 g을 증류수 6 liter를 첨가하여 멸균할 후 여과하여 조제하였다. 추출물 100배액과 1,000배액 등을 6회 살포하였을 때 흰가루병 발생이 크게 억제되었으며 약해는 관찰되지 않았다. 아인산칼륨 수용액의 수박 흰가루병에 대한 발생 억제 효과와 약해 발생 등을 검토하고자 약효약해 시험을 수행하였다. 약해는1,000 mg/ml과 2,000 mg/ml 처리에서 발생하였으며, 갈색의 원형 내지 부정형의 반점으로 나타났다. 방제효과는 2,000 mg/ml 처리에서 91.9%, 1,000 mg/ml 처리에서 64.9%, 500 mg/ml 처리에서 62.2%를 나타냈다.

Contamination of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Corn Samples Imported from China

강효중,김진철,서정아,이인원,손동화,Kang, Hyo-Jung,Kim, Jin-Cheol,Seo, Jeong-Ah,Lee, Yin-Won,Son, Dong-Hwa 한국응용생명화학회 1994 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.37 No.5

중국으로부터 수입한 68개의 옥수수시료에서 Fusarium진균독소의 오염을 조사하였다. 수입옥수수에서 eoxynivalenol(DON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol(15-ADON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol(3-ADON) 및 nivalenol(NIV) 등 4가지의 8-ketotrichothecene이 검출되었다. 또한 zearalenone(ZEA), fumonisin $B_1(FB_1)$, fumonisin $B_2(FB_2)$ 그리고 fumonisin $B_3(FB_3)$도 검출되었다. DON, 15-ADON, 3-ADON, ZEA 그리고 $FB_1$이 주요 오염독소였으며, 이들 독소의 평균오염농도는 각각 277, 34, 37, 39, 그리고 123 ng/g이었다. The occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins was surveyed in 68 corn samples imported from China. Four 8-ketotrichothecenes including deoxynivalenol (DON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), and nivalenol (NIV) were detected in corn. In addition, the corn samples were contaminated with zearalenone (ZEA), fumonisin $B_1$, $(FB_1)$, fumonisin $B_2$, and fumonisin $B_3$. DON, 15-ADON, 3-ADON, ZEA, and $FB_1$ were major contaminants in corn, with mean levels of 277, 34, 37, 39, and 123 ng/g, respectively.

Roles of Ascospores and Arthroconidia of Xylogone ganodermophthora in Development of Yellow Rot in Cultivated Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum

강효중,장후봉,윤성환,이인원 한국식물병리학회 2011 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.27 No.2

Xylogone ganodermophthora, an ascomycetous fungus,is known to cause yellow rot in the cultivated mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. In this study, we investigated the dissemination of this fungal pathogen in G. lucidum grown in cultivation houses. To determine the role of ascospores produced by X. ganodermophthora in disease development, we constructed a green fluorescent proteinlabeled transgenic strain. This X. ganodermophthora strain produced a number of ascomata in the tissues of oak logs on which G. lucidum had been grown and on the mushroom fruit bodies. However, the ascospores released from the ascomata were not able to germinate on water agar or potato dextrose agar. Moreover, less than 0.1% of the ascospores showed green fluorescence,indicating that most ascospores of X. ganodermophthora were not viable. To determine the manner in which X. ganodermophthora disseminates, diseased oak logs were either buried in isolated soil beds as soil-borne inocula or placed around soil beds as air-borne inocula. In addition, culture bottles in which G. lucidum mycelia had been grown were placed on each floor of a five-floor shelf near X. ganodermophthora inocula. One year after cultivation, yellow rot occurred in almost all of the oak logs in the soil beds, including those in beds without soilborne inocula. In contrast, none of the G. lucidum in the culture bottles was infected, suggesting that dissemination of X. ganodermophthora can occur via the cultivation soil.

2018–2019년 보은지역 대추나무 빗자루병 발생 및 옥시테트라사이클린 수간주사 방제 효과

강효중(Hyo-Jung Kang),최성희(Seonghui Choe),이경희(Kyeong Hee Lee),박희순(Heesoon Park),오하경(Ha Kyung Oh),이성균(Seongkyun Lee),신현만(Hyunman Shin) 한국식물병리학회 2020 식물병연구 Vol.26 No.1

Jujube witches’ broom (JWB) disease is a high-risk plant disease that occurred on and devastated jujube or- chards throughout South Korea in the 1950s. Recently, as the jujube cultivation area has been significantly in- creased nationwide, we investigated the disease in jujube orchards in the Boeun region to obtain basic infor- mation for proactively evaluating the risk of JWB outbreaks from 2017 to 2019. A field trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of the trunk injection of Sungbocycline (a. i. oxytetracycline calcium alkyl trimethyl ammo- nium 17%, OTC). The incidence of JWB disease was very low in Boeun, but it was gradually increased mainly in the area and on the farms where it had occurred previously. The trunk injection with OTC was most effective in the early stages of growth. However, even though the trees were treated with OTC, disease symptoms ap- peared in other healthy branches in severely affected trees. When the tree was first injected with OTC in June, the control efficacy of second injection was higher one month after the first injection than five months. These results suggest that early diagnosis based on various symptoms and early control based on them can be very effective in preventing JWB disease in advance and increasing control efficacy.

중국으로부터 수입한 옥수수에서의 Fusarium 진균독소오염

강효중(Hyo Jung Kang),김진철(Jin Cheol Kim),서장아(Jeong Ah Seo),이인원(Yin Won Lee),손동화(Dong Hwa Son) 한국응용생명화학회 1994 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.37 No.5

The occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins was surveyed in 68 corn samples imported from China. Four 8-ketotrichothecenes including deoxynivalenol (DON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), and nivalenol (NIV) were detected in corn. In addition, the corn samples were contaminated with zearalenone (ZEA), fumonisin B₁, (FB₁), fumonisin B₂, and fumonisin B₃. DON, 15-ADON, 3-ADON, ZEA, and FB₁, were major contaminants in corn, with mean levels of 277, 34, 37, 39, and 123 ng/g, respectively.