백화점과 대형마트의 이용행태 차이에 관한 실증분석 - 서울/수도권 주민을 대상으로 -

김준환 한국부동산경영학회 2013 부동산경영 Vol.7 No.-

This research has analyzed characteristics and differences of customer shopping behavior between department store and super store. First, the elementary outline of customer shopping behavior has been comprehended by analyzing shopping frequencies, shopping hours, means of transportation by retail types. In addition, differences in decision criteria, satisfaction have been more analyzed by items and retail types. The analysis result showed that some differences are identified in customer shopping behavior by department stores and super stores. Firstly, customers are found to shop more frequently in superstores but to spend more time in department stores. Secondly, main reasons of visitation to super stores were purchase-relevant; however, department stores are not. In the perspective of satisfaction degree, department store showed higher level than super store in all factors except price and accessibility. In the perspective of shopping frequencies by items, department store showed higher frequency level in apparel, miscellaneous goods, cosmetics and sports wear/goods, while super store showed higher frequency level in groceries, household items, kitchen items and others. In the perspective of purpose of visitation, purchasing goods was the most important purpose regardless of retail types. Beside this purpose, department store shows higher level in window shopping and using cultural facilities like theater, culture center, etc. Yet, super store shows higher level in neighborhood living facilities like beauty shop and clinics.

전통시장 이용행태와 만족도에 대한 소비자 집단별 차이 분석 - 서울/수도권 주민을 대상으로 -

김준환,김현순 한국부동산경영학회 2014 부동산경영 Vol.9 No.-

본 연구는 전통시장의 소비자를 집단별로 구분하여 각 집단별 전통시장의 이용행태와 만족도 차이에 대한 실증적인 분석을 통해 전통시장의 마케팅 전략과 상품 전략 등을 수립하는데 기본적인 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 분석결과 소비자 집단은 부대서비스, 본질적 가치, 접근성 등 쇼핑의 영향요인을 기준으로 두 개 집단으로 나뉘었는데, 집단1은 소득이 높고 제반 영향요인에 대한 민감도가 다소 낮은 집단, 집단2는 소득이 낮고 제반 영향요인, 특히 본질적요인과 접근성에 민감도가 높은 집단이었으며, 두 집단 간에는 전통시장의 이용행태와 만족도에 있어서 차이를 나타내었다. 특히 소비자의 전통시장 이용도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 접근성이 가장 큰 영향을 미치고 다음으로 가격, 품질, 구색 등의 쇼핑 본질적 요인이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 다소 소득이 높은 집단1의 경우에는 본질적 요인이 전통시장의 이용도 제고에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. This study has classified consumer groups who use the traditional market, and conducted the empirical difference analysis on the consumer behavior and satisfaction level. It aims to provide the fundamental data, which will be useful for devising marketing strategies for traditional markets. Two different groups were able to be classified, considering the shopping-related influence factors such as amenity service, elementary services and accessibility. Group 1 was found to have high-income level and lower sensitivity to fundamental influence factors while Group 2 was found to have low-income level and higher sensitivity to fundamental influence factors especially, elementary services and accessibility. In result, these two groups showed the difference in consumer behavior and satisfaction degree. Particularly, the most influential factor among the fundamental influence factors to the use of the traditional markets was the accessibility factor, followed by price, quality, types. However, in case of Group 1, fundamental influence factors were found to be weaker influential on the use of the traditional markets.

Uncommon Case of Bladder Struvite Urolithiasis in a Two Month Old Puppy

김준환,송루희,이다미,이현석,백대승,박진호,박철 한국임상수의학회 2012 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.29 No.3

A 2-month-old, intact female, maltese puppy was presented with an acute onset of hematuria and stranguria. The dog was diagnosed as urotliths in bladder using radiography of abdomen. Struvite uroliths in bladder were confirmed by Minnesota Urolith Center after surgical removal of uroliths on local clinic. There were 3 struvite uroliths in bladder and it caused hematuria. The dog had no problem including hematuria for 2 months after surgical removal of uroliths with preventative diet for struvite uroliths.

의과대학생을 위한 자기주도적 멘토링 프로그램 개발과 시행경험

김준환,이금호,황원민,강재구 한국의학교육학회 2013 Korean journal of medical education Vol.25 No.2

Purpose: This study aims to explore development of a student-centered mentoring program and assess satisfaction about the course in order to improve system of the course on the basis of our implementation experience. Methods: The course was designed for 58 third-year medical students in 2012. A student council acted as the core management team. We evaluate assessment about the course with a 50-item questionnaire administered on a 5-point Likert scale using SPSS version 20.0, and a short-answer form asked students, faculty, and lecturers for their opinions on the course. Results: Students felt that ‘Attitude on health care policies (28.6%)' was the most useful lecture. The ‘Meeting with a patient’ session was useful for developing students’ abilities to empathize and communicate with other people (81.1%). The 50.9% of students were very satisfied with the course, as well as with the form of the course (49.2%). Conclusion: A bold action that medical educators can take is to get students involved from the outset of the curriculum development. Allowing students to become actively involved in developing the program is an effective means of hearing them and providing a more meaningful learning experience.

Toxic Effects on the Nonspecific Immune System of the Rock Bream Oplegnathus fasciatus upon Exposure to Di-2-ethylhexyl Phthalate

김준환,강주찬,정달상 한국수산과학회 2013 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.16 No.3

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo toxicity of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), on the immune system of the rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus. Fish were injected twice intraperitoneally with DEHP (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW), and the cellularity and functional activity of phagocytes in the spleen and head kidney were measured. The number of head kidney leukocyte cells was significantly greater in fish treated with 800-mg DEHP/kg BW. Nonspecific immunity, as determined by the phagocytic index, was significantly decreased at 800-mg DEHP/kg BW in the head kidney. A significant reduction in phagocytic capacity was observed in the head kidney at ≥400-mg DEHP/kg BW. Furthermore, significantly increased levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamic pyruvate transaminase indicated a marked hepatic dysfunction in immunosuppressed fish. Total serum protein was significantly reduced at ≥400-mg DEHP/kg BW; however, there were no significant changes in lysozyme activity. These results demonstrate that immune responses in the rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus can predict immunotoxicity at doses ≥400-mg DEHP/kg BW.

지역적응 시험 자료를 활용한 옥수수 작물모형 CERES-MAIZE의 품종모수 추정시의 문제점

김준환,상완규,신평,조현숙,서명철 한국농림기상학회 2018 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.20 No.4

The crop growth model has been widely used for climate change impact assessment. Crop growth model require genetic coefficients for simulating growth and yield. In order to determine the genetic coefficients, regional growth monitoring data or yield trial data of crops has been used to calibrate crop growth model. The aim of this study is to verify that yield trial data of corn is appropriate to calibrate genetic coefficients of CERES-MAIZE. Field experiment sites were Suwon, Jinju, Daegu and Changwon. The distance from the weather station to the experimental field were from 1.3km to 27km. Genetic coefficients calibrated by yield trial data showed good performance in silking day. The genetic coefficients associated with silking are determined only by temperature. In CERES-MAIZE model, precipitation or irrigation does not have a significant effect on phenology related genetic coefficients. Although the effective distance of the temperature could vary depending on the terrain, reliable genetic coefficients were obtained in this study even when a weather observation site was within a maximum of 27 km. Therefore, it is possible to estimate the genetic coefficients by yield trial data in study area. However, the yield-related genetic coefficients did not show good results. These results were caused by simulating the water stress without accurate information on irrigation or rainfall. The yield trial reports have not had accurate information on irrigation timing and volume. In order to obtain significant precipitation data, the distance between experimental field and weather station should be closer to that of the temperature measurement. However, the experimental fields in this study was not close enough to the weather station. Therefore, When determining the genetic coefficients of regional corn yield trial data, it may be appropriate to calibrate only genetic coefficients related to phenology. 기후변화 영향평가를 위해 작물생육모형을 폭넓게 사용하고 있지만 모형을 구동하기 위해서는 품종모수를 결정하는 것이 필수적이다. 그러나 품종모수 결정을 위한 실험은 장시간의 노력이 필요하여 대부분 작황자료 또는 지역적응 시험 자료를 많이 사용하고 있다. 그러나 밭작물의 경우 작황자료 또는 지역적응 시험을 사용하는 경우에는 포장의 관개량과 시기에 대한 자료가 없고 또한 별도의 기상관측 없이 최인접지역의 기상자료를 사용하기 때문에 문제가 발생할 수 있다. CERES-MAIZE를 이용하여 밭작물인 옥수수에 대해서 이 문제점들을 검토하였다. 출사기와 관련된 품종모수는 최대 27km 내에 기상관측 지점이 있는 경우에도 신뢰성있는 품종모수가 얻어졌다. 온도의 경우에는 지형에 따라 유효한 거리가 달라질 수 있지만 본 연구의 대상 지역에서는 품종 모수 추정에 문제가 크지는 않을 것으로 보인다. 또한 온도 이외의 요소인 강수 또는 관개량은 생물계절관련 품종모수와는 큰 영향이 없기 때문에 비교적 정확도가 높은 결과가 나온 것으로 보인다. 그러나 수량과 관련된 품종 모수 요소에서는 그렇지 못하였다. 이는 밭작물의 경우 강수량에 따라 스트레스 정도가 결정되기 때문에 관개 및 강수량 정보가 중요한데, 관개량에 대한 정보를 작황 또는 지적시험 보고서에서는 얻을 수 없기 때문이다. 더구나 강수량의 경우에 온도보다 더 가까운 위치에 기상관측소가 존재해야만 유의미한 정보를 제공할 수 있다. 그러나 시험포장에 따라 기상관측소와의 거리가 충분히 가깝지 않은 경우가 대부분이었다. 따라서, 작황 또는 지역적응 시험자료를 이용하여 옥수수의 품종모수를 결정할 때는 기상관측 지점이 최소한 20km 이내의 인접지역에서 생물계절과 관련된 모수에 대해서만 결정하는 것이 타당할 것으로 생각된다. 그 반면에 수량과 관련된 요소의 결정은 적절하지 않을 것으로 생각된다. 수량과 관련된 요소를 결정하기 위해서는 가급적 직접 기상관측망을 설치하여 해당 포장에서 관개시기와 관개량을 모두 확보한 실험한 결과를 바탕으로 얻는 것이 적절할 것으로 생각된다.

식품중의 니트로소아민에 관한 연구 : 식육 제품의 가열에 의한 니트로소아민 함량의 변화

김준환,김창수,손문기,김정화,유미자,강지영,이홍희,신효선 국립보건연구원 1992 국립보건원보 Vol.29 No.2

니트로스아민의 전구 및 억제물질 첨가가 김치 숙성중 니트로스아민의 생성에 미치는 영향

김준환,신효선 한국식품위생안전성학회 1998 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.13 No.3

The study was focused to investigate the effect of nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation due to nitrosamine (NA) precursor and/or inhibitor addition to Kimchi during the fermentation of Kimchi at room temperature (16±2℃). The addition of nitrite and dimethylamine (DMA) to Kimchi showed the average 32-fold (21.3-113.9 ug/kg) and 9-fold (1.3-40.3 ug/kg) higher NDMA formation than control (0-5.6 ug/kg), respectively. Also, the addition of both nitrite and DMA resulted in the increase of NDMA formation to average 42-fold (39.4-155.7 ug/ kg) higher than control. On the other hand, the addition of 4 mM ascorbic acid to Kimchi with nitrite and DMA inhibited the formation of NDMA down to 71.3% of control. However, the addition of cysteine and erythorbic acid affected no inhibition to NDMA formation during the test. The addition of sodium sulfite increased NDMA formation. Accordingly, this showed that the amount of ascorbic acid generated during Kimchi fermentation played an important inhibition role for NA formation.

벼 작물생육모형 국내 도입 활용과 앞으로의 연구 방향

김준환,상완규,신평,백재경,조정일,서명철 한국농림기상학회 2019 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.21 No.3

A process-oriented crop growth model can simulate the biophysical process of rice under diverse environmental and management conditions, which would make it more versatile than an empirical crop model. In the present study, we examined chronology and background of the development of the rice growth models in Korea, which would provide insights on the needs for improvement of the models. The rice crop growth models were introduced in Korea in the late 80s. Until 2000s, these crop models have been used to simulate the yield in a specific area in Korea. Since then, improvement of crop growth models has been made to take into account biological characteristics of rice growth and development in more detail. Still, the use of the crop growth models has been limited to the assessment of climate change impact on crop production. Efforts have been made to apply the crop growth model, e.g., the CERES-Rice model, to develop decision support system for crop management at a farm level. However, the decision support system based on a crop growth model was attractive to a small number of stakeholders most likely due to scarcity of on-site weather data and reliable parameter sets for cultivars grown in Korea. The wide use of the crop growth models would be facilitated by approaches to extend spatial availability of reliable weather data, which could be either measured on-site or estimates using spatial interpolation. New approaches for calibration of cultivar parameters for new cultivars would also help lower hurdles to crop growth models. 작물 생육모형은 기존의 경험적 작물모형과는 달리 벼의 생장과정을 모의 할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 이러한 작물생육 모형들은 80년대 후반부터 적극적으로 국내 도입이 이루어 졌다. 유럽에서 개발된 MACROS로 부터 시작하여 이후 Oryza1 및 Oryza2000 모형과 북미에서 개발된 DSSAT 계열의 모형인 CERES-RICE 모형을 도입하게 되었다. 각각의 모형들은 최초에는 단순히 품종수 적합 후 특정지역에의 수량을 모의하는데 활용되었으나 2000년대에 이르러서는 국내에 적합한 작물모형으로 발전시킬 수 있는 단계에 이르게 되었다. 그러나, 작물생육모형을 기후변화 영향평가를 위한 용도로 주로 사용하였고 실용적인 수준에서의 활용은 미미하였다. 일부 농가 적용을 위한 시도가 있었으나 널리 활용되지는 못하였다. 이러한 활용상의 문제점은 기상자료의 공간해상도가 문제가 가장 크며, 그 다음으로는 각 지역별이 품종에 대한 품종모수 자료가 부족하기 때문이다. 이러한 활용상의 문제점을 극복하기 위해서는 기상관측의 공간해상력을 높이기 위한 관측소의 확대 또는 공간 내삽법이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 신품종이 일정 재배면적 이상 확대될 경우 이에 대해 품종모수를 적합할 제도적 기술적 방법이 필요하다. 작물모형의 활용 확대를 위해서는 기상 또는 토양 분야와도 연결이 필요하다. 이를 위해서는 군락의 증산 속도와 토양모형에 정보가 필요하며 이는 군락 광합성 관련 부분과 토양 특성에 대해서 새로운 접근이 필요함을 의미한다.

3차원 CAD에서 STEP Part111을 통한 AP224

김준환 한국CDE학회 2006 한국CDE학회 논문집 Vol.11 No.5

The exchange of CAD (Computer Aided Design) models between different CAD systems and to downstream applications such as manufacturing has become very important to modern industry. One serious current issue is that the process cannot automatically import existing 3-D solid models in a variety of commercial CAD formats into the process without manually re-mastering the model in current STEP AP(Application Protocol) 203 Edition 1 format. To fully integrate technical data from the design agency to the shop floor, design intent and validated 3D geometry of feature based parametric CAD model should be brought into the standardized processes .To overcome this limitation, AP203 Edition 2 (Ed.2) and its related STEP parts such as Part 55, Part 108, Part 109, Part 111 and Part112 are starting to be available to handle this problem. The features in Part 111, the feature related part in the AP203 Ed.2, are harmonized with the machining features available in AP224. This paper is focused on two mapping technologies: CAD to Part111 mapping and Pat111 to AP224 mapping including case studies and it will provide the guideline about what should be done next in the AP203 Ed.2 to AP224 mapping. The final goal of this project is to integrate technical data from CAD to AP224 based manufacturing information through AP203 Ed.2.