Genetic Diversity for Rice Blast Management

(You Yong Zhu),(Hai Ru Chen),(Yun Yue Wang),(Zuos Hea Li),(Yan Li),(Jing Hua Fan),(Jian Bing Chen),(Jin Xiang Fan),(Shi Sheng Yang),(Guang Liang Ma),(Ling Ping Hu),(Jin Yu Zou),(Christopher C . Mundt) 한국균학회 2001 Proceedings of the Fifth Korea-China Joint Symposi Vol.- No.-

Calculation of eigenvalue and eigenvector derivatives with the improved Kron’s substructuring method

Yong Xia,Shun Weng,You-Lin Xu,Hong-Ping Zhu 국제구조공학회 2010 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.36 No.1

For large-scale structures, the calculation of the eigensolution and the eigensensitivity is usually very time-consuming. This paper develops the Kron’s substructuring method to compute the firstorder derivatives of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors with respect to the structural parameters. The global structure is divided into several substructures. The eigensensitivity of the substructures are calculated via the conventional manner, and then assembled into the eigensensitivity of the global structure by performing some constraints on the derivative matrices of the substructures. With the proposed substructuring method, the eigenvalue and eigenvector derivatives with respect to an elemental parameter are computed within the substructure solely which contains the element, while the derivative matrices of all other substructures with respect to the parameter are zero. Consequently this can reduce the computation cost significantly. The proposed substructuring method is applied to the GARTEUR AG-11 frame and a highway bridge, which is proved to be computationally efficient and accurate for calculation of the eigensensitivity. The influence of the master modes and the division formations are also discussed.

IL-12-STAT4-IFN-${\gamma}$ axis is a key downstream pathway in the development of IL-13-mediated asthma phenotypes in a Th2 type asthma model

Kim, You-Sun,Choi, Seng-Jin,Choi, Jun-Pyo,Jeon, Seong-Gyu,Oh, Sun-Young,Lee, Byung-Jae,Gho, Yong-Song,Lee, Chun-Geun,Zhu, Zhou,Elias, Jack A.,Kim, Yoon-Keun Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bion 2010 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.42 No.8

IL-4 and IL-13 are closely related cytokines that are produced by Th2 cells. However, IL-4 and IL-13 have different effects on the development of asthma phenotypes. Here, we evaluated downstream molecular mechanisms involved in the development of Th2 type asthma phenotypes. A murine model of Th2 asthma was used that involved intraperitoneal sensitization with an allergen (ovalbumin) plus alum and then challenge with ovalbumin alone. Asthma phenotypes, including airway- hyperresponsiveness (AHR), lung inflammation, and immunologic parameters were evaluated after allergen challenge in mice deficient in candidate genes. The present study showed that methacholine AHR and lung inflammation developed in allergen-challenged IL-4-deficient mice but not in allergen-challenged IL-13-deficient mice. In addition, the production of OVA-specific IgG2a and IFN-${\gamma}$-inducible protein (IP)-10 was also impaired in the absence of IL-13, but not of IL-4. Lung-targeted IFN-${\gamma}$ over-expression in the airways enhanced methacholine AHR and non-eosinophilic inflammation; in addition, these asthma phenotypes were impaired in allergen-challenged IFN-${\gamma}$-deficient mice. Moreover, AHR, non-eosinophilic inflammation, and IFN-${\gamma}$ expression were impaired in allergen- challenged IL-$12R{\beta}2$- and STAT4-deficient mice; however, AHR and non-eosinophilic inflammation were not impaired in allergen-challenged IL-$4R{\alpha}$-deficient mice, and these phenomena were accompanied by the enhanced expression of IL-12 and IFN-${\gamma}$. The present data suggest that IL-13-mediated asthma phenotypes, such as AHR and non-eosinophilic inflammation, in the Th2 type asthma are dependent on the IL-12-STAT4-IFN-${\gamma}$ axis, and that these asthma phenotypes are independent of IL-4Ralpha-mediated signaling.

Calculation of eigenvalue and eigenvector derivatives with the improved Kron's substructuring method

Xia, Yong,Weng, Shun,Xu, You-Lin,Zhu, Hong-Ping Techno-Press 2010 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.36 No.1

For large-scale structures, the calculation of the eigensolution and the eigensensitivity is usually very time-consuming. This paper develops the Kron's substructuring method to compute the first-order derivatives of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors with respect to the structural parameters. The global structure is divided into several substructures. The eigensensitivity of the substructures are calculated via the conventional manner, and then assembled into the eigensensitivity of the global structure by performing some constraints on the derivative matrices of the substructures. With the proposed substructuring method, the eigenvalue and eigenvector derivatives with respect to an elemental parameter are computed within the substructure solely which contains the element, while the derivative matrices of all other substructures with respect to the parameter are zero. Consequently this can reduce the computation cost significantly. The proposed substructuring method is applied to the GARTEUR AG-11 frame and a highway bridge, which is proved to be computationally efficient and accurate for calculation of the eigensensitivity. The influence of the master modes and the division formations are also discussed.

Vascular endothelial growth factor is a key mediator in the development of T cell priming and its polarization to type 1 and type 17 T helper cells in the airways.

Kim, You-Sun,Hong, Sung-Wook,Choi, Jun-Pyo,Shin, Tae-Seop,Moon, Hyung-Geun,Choi, Eun-Jung,Jeon, Seong Gyu,Oh, Sun-Young,Gho, Yong Song,Zhu, Zhou,Kim, Yoon-Keun Williams Wilkins 2009 JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY Vol.183 No.8

<P>Chronic inflammatory airway diseases including asthma are characterized by immune dysfunction to inhaled allergens. Our previous studies demonstrated that T cell priming to inhaled allergens requires LPS, which is ubiquitously present in household dust allergens. In this study, we evaluated the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the development of T cell priming and its polarization to Th1 or Th17 cells when exposed to LPS-contaminated allergens. An asthma mouse model was induced by airway sensitization with LPS-contaminated allergens and then challenged with allergens alone. Therapeutic intervention was performed during allergen sensitization. The present study showed that lung inflammation induced by sensitization with LPS-contaminated allergens was decreased in mice with homozygous disruption of the IL-17 gene; in addition, allergen-specific Th17 immune response was abolished in IL-6 knockout mice. Meanwhile, in vivo production of VEGF was up-regulated by airway exposure of LPS. In addition, airway sensitization of allergen plus recombinant VEGF induced both type 1 and type 17 Th cell (Th1 and Th17) responses. Th1 and Th17 responses induced by airway sensitization with LPS-contaminated allergens were blocked by treatment with a pan-VEGF receptor (VEGFR; VEGFR-1 plus VEGFR-2) inhibitor during sensitization. These effects were accompanied by inhibition of the production of Th1 and Th17 polarizing cytokines, IL-12p70 and IL-6, respectively. These findings indicate that VEGF produced by LPS plays a key role in activation of naive T cells and subsequent polarization to Th1 and Th17 cells.</P>

Slide Session : OS-GAS-04 ; Gastroenterology : Uric Acid Regulates Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Sig-naling Through the NLRP3 Infl ammasome Dependent Mechanism

( Wan Xing Yong ),( Xu Cheng Fu ),( Lu Chao ),( Yu Wei Lai ),( Zhu Hua Tuo ),( Yu Chao Hui ),( Li You Ming ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Serum uric acid is strongly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance in patients. However, whether this association is causally or coincidentally with NAFLD and insulin resistance remains uncertain, neither the mechanisms behind this association are unclear so far. Methods: We first analyzed the impact of uric acid on development of hepatic steatosis in mice and two cell models (HepG2 and HL7702), and then explored the effect of uric acid on insulin signaling, including phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and Akt in HepG2 and HL7702 cells. Further, we studied the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in regulation of hepatic steatosis and insulin signaling. Results: Uric acid directly induced hepatocyte fat accumulation both in vivo and in vitro. Further, uric acid treatment decreased insulin-induced phospho-Akt (ser437) and enhanced the phospho-IRS1(ser307) in HepG2 and HL7702 cells. Then, we found significant increases of NLRP3 inflammasome-related molecules, both mRNA and protein levels, including NLPR3, caspase-1, IL-1ß, and IL-18, in HepG2 and HL7702 cells stimulated with uric acid. We also found that uric acid induced significant elevations of IL-1ß and IL-18 levels in culture supernatants of HepG2 and HL7702 cells. Consistent with in vitro results, mice fed 8 weeks of hyperuricemia-inducing diet resulted in significant up-regulation of hepatic mRNA and protein expressions of NLPR3, caspase-1, IL-1ß and IL-18, and elevation of serum IL-1ß and IL-18 levels. Further experiments indicated that silencing NLRP3 expression significantly alleviated uric acid-induced fat accumulation in vitro. Moreover, inhibition of NLRP3 expression ameliorated uric acid induced insulin signaling impairing, confirmed by increased insulin- induced phospho-Akt (ser437) and reduced the phospho-IRS1(ser307) in vitro. Conclusions: Our results suggest that uric acid contributes to hepatic steatosis and impairs insulin signaling through the NLRP3 inflammasome dependent mechanism.

Crosswind effects on high-sided road vehicles with and without movement

Bin Wang,You-Lin Xu,Le-Dong Zhu,Yong-Le Li 한국풍공학회 2014 한국풍공학회지 Vol.18 No.2

The safety of road vehicles on the ground in crosswind has been investigated for many years. One of the most important fundamentals in the safety analysis is aerodynamic characteristics of a vehicle in crosswind. The most common way to study the aerodynamic characteristics of a vehicle in crosswind is wind tunnel tests to measure the aerodynamic coefficients and/or pressure coefficients of the vehicle. Due to the complexity of wind tunnel test equipment and procedure, the features of flow field around the vehicle are seldom explored in a wind tunnel, particularly for the vehicle moving on the ground. As a complementary to wind tunnel tests, the numerical method using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be employed as an effective tool to explore the aerodynamic characteristics of as well as flow features around the vehicle. This study explores crosswind effects on a high-sided lorry on the ground with and without movement through CFD simulations together with wind tunnel tests. Firstly, the aerodynamic forces on a stationary lorry model are measured in a wind tunnel, and the results are compared with the previous measurement results. The CFD with unsteady RANS method is then employed to simulate wind flow around and wind pressures on the stationary lorry. The numerical aerodynamic forces are compared with the wind tunnel test results. Furthermore, the same CFD method is extended to investigate the moving vehicle on the ground in crosswind. The results show that the CFD results match with wind tunnel test results and the current way using aerodynamic coefficients from a stationary vehicle in crosswind is acceptable. The CFD simulation can provide more insights on flow field and pressure distribution which are difficult to be obtained by wind tunnel tests.

Crosswind effects on high-sided road vehicles with and without movement

Wang, Bin,Xu, You-Lin,Zhu, Le-Dong,Li, Yong-Le Techno-Press 2014 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.18 No.2

The safety of road vehicles on the ground in crosswind has been investigated for many years. One of the most important fundamentals in the safety analysis is aerodynamic characteristics of a vehicle in crosswind. The most common way to study the aerodynamic characteristics of a vehicle in crosswind is wind tunnel tests to measure the aerodynamic coefficients and/or pressure coefficients of the vehicle. Due to the complexity of wind tunnel test equipment and procedure, the features of flow field around the vehicle are seldom explored in a wind tunnel, particularly for the vehicle moving on the ground. As a complementary to wind tunnel tests, the numerical method using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be employed as an effective tool to explore the aerodynamic characteristics of as well as flow features around the vehicle. This study explores crosswind effects on a high-sided lorry on the ground with and without movement through CFD simulations together with wind tunnel tests. Firstly, the aerodynamic forces on a stationary lorry model are measured in a wind tunnel, and the results are compared with the previous measurement results. The CFD with unsteady RANS method is then employed to simulate wind flow around and wind pressures on the stationary lorry. The numerical aerodynamic forces are compared with the wind tunnel test results. Furthermore, the same CFD method is extended to investigate the moving vehicle on the ground in crosswind. The results show that the CFD results match with wind tunnel test results and the current way using aerodynamic coefficients from a stationary vehicle in crosswind is acceptable. The CFD simulation can provide more insights on flow field and pressure distribution which are difficult to be obtained by wind tunnel tests.

Glutathione Conjugates of 2- or 6-Substituted 5,8-Dimethoxy-1,4-Naphthoquinone Derivatives : Formation and Structure

Zheng, Xiang-Guo,Kang, Jong-Seong,Kim, Yong,You, Young-Jae,Jin, Guang-Zhu,Ahn, Byung-Zun The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1999 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.22 No.4

Thirty-four glutathione conjugates of 5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinones (DMNQ) were synthesized and their structure was determined. The yield of GSH conjugate was dependent on size of alkyl group; the longer the size of alkyl group was, the lower was the yield. It was also found that the length of alkyl side chain influenced the chemical shift of quinonoid protons; the quinonoid protons of 2-glutathionyl DMNQ derivatives with R=H to propyl, 6.51-6.59 ppm vs. other ones with R=butyl to heptyl, 6.64-6.68 ppm. this was explained to be due to a folding effect of longer alkyl group. Glutathione (GSH) reacted with DMNQ derivative first to form a 1,4-adduct (2- or 3-glutathionyl-1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-dimethoxynaphthalenes) and then the adduct was autooxidized to 2- or 3-glutathionyl-DMNQ derivatives. Moreover, GSH reduced DMNQ derivatives to their hydrogenated products. It was suggested that such an organic reaction might play an important role for a study of metabolism or toxicity of DMNQ derivative sin the living cells.

Aromatic Diamino-bridged Bis(β-cyclodextrin) as Fluorescent Sensor for the Molecular Recognition of Bile Salts

Yan Zhao,Juan Gu,Shao Ming,Shao Ming Chi,Yong Cun Yang,Yu Fei Wang,Hong You Zhu,Jian Hong Liu,Rong Huang 대한화학회 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.11

representative bile salts, i.e., cholate (CA), deoxycholate (DCA), glycocholate (GCA) and taurocholate (TCA), has been investigated at 25 °C in phosphate buffer (pH 7.20) by fluorescence, circular dichroism and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The result indicated that the bis(β-cyclodextrin) 2 acts as fluorescent sensor and displays remarkable fluorescence enhancement upon addition of optically inert bile salts. Form the induced circular dichroism (ICD) and ROESY spectra, it is deduced that the phenyl moiety in the linker of bis(β-cyclodextrin) 2 is partially self-included in the CD cavity, and is not expelled out of the CD cavity upon complexation with bile guests. Owing to the cooperative host-tether-guest binding mode in which the linker and guest are coincluded in the two CD cavities, bis(β-cyclodextrin) 2 significantly enhanced binding ability and molecular selectivity as compared with the native β-cyclodextrin 1 through the simultaneous contributions of hydrophobic, hydrogen bond, and electrostatic interactions. The complex stability constants are discussed comparatively and globally from the viewpoints of multiple recognition between host and guest.