3차원 뇌자기공명영상을 이용한 강박증의 뇌형태학적 연구

공석원,송인창,한문희,장기현,류인균,권준수 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.6

연구 목적 : 강박증의 생물학적 원인으로 전두엽-선조체 회로의 이상이 알려져 있다. 그러나 형태학적 뇌영상을 이용한 기존의 연구는 전두엽과 미상핵의 용적 변화에 대한 일관된 결과가 없었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 선형변환을 통한 반자동화된 방법을 이용하여 뇌의 각부위에 대한 형태학적 연구를 위하여 시행되었다. 방 법 : DSM-IV의 기준에 의해 진단한 13명의 강박증 환자와 9명의 정상대조군을 대상으로 하였다. 3차원 뇌자기공명영상을 Spoiled gradient-recalled(SPGR)법으로 얻었다. 3차원으로 재구성된 뇌자기공명영상을 Talairach와 Tournoux의 표준화 좌표에 공간적 정위시킨 후 회질과 백직을 반자동화된 방법으로 분리하였다. 죄표에 의거한 뇌엽의 각 부위에 대한 용적 측정을 하고, 미상핵은 수기로 구획한 후 용적측정을 하였다. 전두엽은 Brodman 의 영역에 의거하여 좌표계에 따른 분할을 하여 배외측전두엽, 안와전두엽, 내측전두엽으로 분할 구획하여 용적을 측정하였다. 결 과 : 강박증군에서 전두엽 회질의 용적이 증가되는 경향을 나타내었다. 다른 부위의 회질과 백질 그리고 미상핵의 용적은 차이가 없었다. 편측성에 의한 차이도 없었으며, 임상적 심각도와 상관관계는 관찰되지 않았다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서는 강박증군에서 전두엽의 용적 증가를 관찰할 수 있었으며, 이것은 기존 연구 중 일부에서 전두엽과 미상핵의 용적 감소를 보고했던 것과 차이가 있다. 강박증이 만성화되고 일정기간 이상이지나 구조적 변화가 오기 전까지 오히려 대사와 혈류 증가에 따른 회질 용적 증가가 관찰되는 것이라 생각된다. Objectives: Neurobiological models for obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) have consistently Implicated prefrontal-striatal circuits in the pathophysiology of this disorder. But, prior studies have inconsistently found alteration in caudate and frontal lobe volumes in patients with OCD. This study was undertaken in the hope that semi-automated linear transformation methods would elucidate the morphometric differences of various parts of brain between OCD and normal control group. Methods : Thirteen parients meeting the DSM-IV criteria fro OCD, and 9 psychiatrically normal comparison subjects participated in the study. 3-D brain MRIs using Spoiled gradient-recalled(SPGR) sequence were acquired for each subjects. After spatially normalized according to Talairach and Tournoux's coordinates, the gray and white matters were segmented by semi-automated methods using fuzzy algorithm. Each lobal volumes was measured according to Talairach and Tournoux's coordinates, and the region of interests of caudate nuclei was manually traced. The frontal lobe was divided into 3 subregions ; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbital frontal cortex, mesial frontal cortex accoring to the coordinates and Broadman's cytoarchitectonics. Results : Only the volume of left and right frontal gray matter showed a significant difference between OCD and normal subjects. In OCD, the frontal gray matter volume was increased in tendency. There's no difference in laterality and no coorelation with clinical severities. Conclusion : Findings of increased frontal gray matter volumes in patients implicate a structural abnormality of these brain regions in the pathophysiology of OCD. The increased frontl gray matter volumes reflect a epiphenomena due to increased cerebral blood flows and metabolic rates before the structural changes may occur.

화학적 개량에 의한 하수 슬러지의 탈수성과 결합수 함량에 대한 연구

이인주,공성호,김승,김용수 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 2001 環境科學論文集 Vol.22 No.-

무기응집제, 유기고분자 응집제에 의한 슬러지 개량은 압축효과에 의한 자유수 제거에 한정된 관계로 슬러지내 결합수의 저감에는 영향을 미치지는 못한다. 그러므로 슬러지내 탈수특성을 결정짓는 물의 분포를 변화시켜 결합수를 저감시킴으로써 슬러지의 탈수효율을 상승시켜야 할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 탈수특성 변화를 유도하기 위한 방법으로 전기, 물리화학적 여러 방법이 개발되고 있으나, 기존 처리시스템에 주입제만을 변경하여 활용할 수 있는 펜톤시약에 의한 화학적 처리방법이 실용성이 높다고 하겠다. 본 연구에서는 SRF측정에 의한 슬러지 탈수제의 최적투입량, 펜톤시약 사용시 산화 및 응집작용에 의한 슬러지 탈수성과 결합수 함량 영향을 분석하였다. 또한 펜톤시약 주입에 따른 슬러지내 결합수의 변화를 파악해 보았다. 상기의 과정을 통하여 과산화수소와 황산제일철의 최적 주입량을 파악해봄으로써, 결합수 함량의 감소를 통한 슬러지 함수율 저감 방안을 도출할 수 있었다. 결과적으로 무기·유기 응집제, 고분자 응집제 개량시 탈수의 한계로 지적되는 결합수의 자유수로의 전환방안으로 펜톤시약에 의한 화학적 개량공정이 그 대안이 될 수 있음을 알았다. 또한 개량제 선정시 탈수 및 함수율 측정등에 의한 개량제 선정방법 이외에 좀 더 면밀한 방법으로 개량제 적용시 수분분포를 파악함으로써 최적 개량제 선정의 효율성을 제고할 수 있을 것이며 슬러지의 처리 처분시 펜톤처리에 의한 난분해성 물질의 분해 및 안전화 효과 등에 의한 잇점을 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. A reformation of sludge by inorganic cohesive agent and organic high molecule cohesive agent was ineffective in decrease of bound water in sludge because it was restricted to remove free water content by the compression effect. Thus the needs became conspicuous that the hydration efficiency of sludge would be increased by the decreasing the number of combination through the change of water distribution which defines dehydration characteristics in sludge. For induction of the change of dehydration characteristics, electrical and physics-chemical treatments are in development but chemical treatment with a Fenton reagent is more useful which can be practical from changing injection agent of present management system. It was investigated in this study the optimum quantity injected of a dehydration agent in sludge by SRF measurement and the relationship of dehydration and Bound Water Content in sludge by oxidation and cohesion at use of Fenton reagent. Through the process of understanding the optimum quantity injected of hydration peroxide and the first sulfate of iron, reduction method of sludge functional rate could be injected by reduction of Bound Water Content. As summary of the result, chemical reformation treatment with Fenton reagent can alter the treatment using reformation inorganic, organic cohesive agent which is limited in conversion of Bound Water Content. Moreover effective selection of optimum reforming agent was possible by understanding the water distribution in applying dedicated reforming agent beside by measurement of dehydration and functional rate. And it was expected that the advantage of dissolving hard resolution materials induced by Fenton treatment and safety effect was put to practical use in disposal sludge.

The Relationship between Performance of Attention Task and Suicidal Ideation in Korean Patients with Mood Disorders

Soo In Kim,Kyoung Ae Kong 대한신경정신의학회 2020 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.17 No.4

Objective We examined the performance of attention tests related to suicidal ideation in mood disorder patients and to explain the difference of attention test performance in relation to suicidal ideation after controlling clinical and psychological variables of mood disorder patients. Methods Seventy-three in- and outpatients with major depressive disorder (n=41) or bipolar disorder (n=32) completed a self-rating questionnaire assessing socio-demographic characteristics, and clinical and psychological variables. Comprehensive Attention Test (CAT) also was conducted. Results Thirty-three patients were the high-suicidal ideation (SI) group, and forty patients were the low-SI group. The errors of commission (CEs) of visual sustained attention in the high-SI group was 6.3 times higher on average than that of the low-SI group. After controlling for sex, age, and diagnosis, a higher number of CEs on visual sustained attention tasks predicted higher SI score. However, after controlling for sex, age, diagnosis, and depressive mood, this predictive ability was no longer observed. Conclusion This study showed that CE on the visual sustained attention task seems to influence suicidal ideation as a result of interaction with depressive symptoms.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

서울특별시 강남구민의 관급수불소농도조정의식에 관한 조사연구

공인수,문혁수,백대일,김종배 대한구강보건학회 2003 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.27 No.4

The purpose of this study was to obtain the information, for improvement of the support on water fluoridation in Korea. The author surveyed knowledge and awareness about water fluoridation of 3,378 people living in KangNam-Gu, Seoul. The people were selected by the technique of random sampling. Items of the questionnaire are as follows; the use of drinkable water, cookable water and the recognition of necessity to execute water fluoridation for the purpose of caries prevention, to prevent dental decay for dental health, to prevent dental decay for the reduction of health insurance expense and the recognition of the safety of water fluoridation and the possibility for the execution of water fluoridation. The obtained results are ; 1. There was some doubt about the safety of water fluoridation. As a result, only half of the people consider tap water as edible water and about 25% of the people consider tap water not suitable for drinking and cooking. 2. After reading an explanation about the concept, effect and the safety of water fluoridation the majority of the people approved the execution of it. 3. The people should be actively educated and promoted about the effectiveness and the significance of water fluoridation. Because they were not aware of water fluoridation for effective caries prevention as public oral health service even though they still tried to reduce the expenses of health insurance. 4. Despite of the necessity to support executing public health service such as water fluoridation, only 40% of the people recognized the fact that water fluoridation is safe. Therefore active education and promotion should be required for the safety of water fluoridation.

오이의 RAPD분석을 위한 PCR 최적화

공현정,최인수 밀양대학교 농업기술개발연구소 2000 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.4 No.1

This study was conducted to identify the best combinations of factors(template DNA concentration, MgCl2 concentration, and amount of taq polymerase) for the optimization of PCR in cucumber. 3×3×3 factorial experiment for template DNA concentration, MgCl2 concentration, and amount of taq polymerase was conducted. Another factorial experiment for denature, annealing, extension temperature on the optimal PCR condition was also conducted. The most clear and reproducible bands were appeared in 60ng(0.5unit taq polymerase and 2.5mM MgCl2, 0.5unit taq polymerase and 4.5mM MgCl2, and 1unit taq polymerase and 7.0mM MgCl2). The best MgCl2 concentration was 2.5mM(60ng template DNA and 0.5unit taq polymerase), 4.5mM(40ng template DNA and 0.5unit taq polymerase, 40ng template DNA and 1unit taq polymerase, and 60ng template DNA and 0.5unit taq polymerase), and 7.0mM(60ng template DNA and 1unit taq polymerase). The combinations which showed the best bands from the amount of taq polymerase were 0.5unit(60ng template DNA and 2.5mM MgCl2, 60ng template DNA and 4.5mM MgCl2) and 1unit(40ng template DNA and 4.5mM MgCl2, 60ng template DNA and 2.5mM MgCl2, and 60ng template DNA and 7.0mM MgCl2). When we consider results from template DNA concentration, MgCl2 concentration, and amount of taq polymerase, 3 conditions(60ng of template DNA, 2.5mM MgCl2 and 0.5unit taq polymerase; 60ng of template DNA, 4.5mM MgCl2 and 0.5unit taq polymerase; 60ng of template DNA, 7.0mM MgCl2 and 1unit taq polymerase) were best combinations for the optimal PCR condition. Reaction temperatures for the optimal PCR condition were 86℃, 35℃, 64℃; 90℃, 40℃, 72℃; and 92℃, 36℃, 72℃.

미국의 소수자 차별시정에 관한 판례법리의 변화와 시사점

공인섭(Kong, In-Sop),김성수(Kim, Sung-Soo) 한양법학회 2016 漢陽法學 Vol.27 No.1

I analyzed how the case law theory on three steps has been formed and changed along with historical background and dependance path main causes. The first case law theory is the discrimination and separate step on unfair relation between white majority and black minority(1890-1940), and the second case law theory is further advanced but weak remedy against discrimination(1940-1964) step, and the third case law theory is positive remedy against discrimination (1964-1989) step with the result equality, Affirmative Action. I analyzed the dependance path main causes on Lock in-Effect in which the case law theory controls the actors and minority and majority, so it effects on the delayed and retard speed for equality. In Conclusion, Judicial judgment is the same as for minority promotion for human rights, and then main majority is available to access the political socialization and make political culture to the completed democracy value. Also, I drew the proper implication on the Korean muticultural policy from the American history and evidence.

스텐트 내 재협착 병변에서 약물용출 풍선확장술 후 주요 심장사건 발생의 예측인자

이두환(Doo Hwan Lee),김인수(In Soo Kim),공창기(Chang gi Kong),한재복(Jae Bok Han) 한국방사선학회 2020 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.14 No.2

이 연구는 스텐트 내 재협착 병변에서 약물용출 풍선 확장술을 시행한 환자를 대상으로 주요 심장사건에 영향을 미치는 예측 인자가 무엇인지 알아보고자 하였다. 2012년 10월부터 2017년 1월까지 전남대학교병원 심혈관센터에서 경피적 관상동맥 삽입술 후 스텐트 내 재협착이 발생한 환자 중에서 약물용출 풍선 확장술을 시행 받은 환자 257명 (평균연령 66.1±10.1세, 남자 172명)을 대상으로 그룹 I (주요 심장사건 발생군, n=35명), 그룹 II (주요 심장사건 발생하지 않은 군, n=222명)로 나누어 분류 하였다. 약물용출 풍선 성형술 후 주요 심장사건의 독립적인 예측 인자를 보기 위한 다변량 분석에서 완전 폐쇄병변 형태의 재협착 형태 (HR=4.179, 95% C.I.=1.851-9.437 p= 0.001), 25 mm이상의 긴 병변 (HR=8.773, 95% C.I.=1.898-40.546 p= 0.005), 반복되는 스텐트 내 재협착 (HR=4.693, 95% C.I.=1.259-17.490 p= 0.021)이 독립적인 예측 인자로 판명되었다. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with drug-eluting balloon (DEB) for in-stent restenosis (ISR) lesion. Total of 257 patients who developed ISR on follow-up coronary angiography (66.1 ± 10.1years, 172 males) in Chonnam National University Hospital between October 2012 and January 2017 were enrolled. We divided the patients into two groups; group I (MACE group; n= 35) and group II (No MACE group; n= 222). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that type IV ISR (HR=4.179, 95% C.I.=1.851-9.437 p= 0.001), lesion length > 25 mm (HR=8.773, 95% C.I.=1.898-40.546 p= 0.005), number of ISR recurrence > 2 (HR=4.693, 95% C.I.=1.259-17.490 p= 0.021) were independent factors for MACE after DEB in ISR lesions.

Co/Mn/Br계 촉매상에서 p-자일렌 액상산화반응의 공정변수에 관한 연구

손용배,박경린,류태공,김정희,오인석,김영호,양현수 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 2001 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.16 No.2

Liquid phase oxidation of p-xylene using molecular oxygen has been carried out on the Co/Mn/Br-based catalyst system in acetic acid as a solvent. Process parameters(total pressure, partial pressure of oxygen and temperature) and kinetics of the reaction were studied as a basic study in the viewpoint for the development of new catalyst system and process. The total pressure above 20atm and the partial pressure of oxygen above 5atm were required to keep the reactant in the liquid phase and to overcome the mass transfer limitation of oxygen. The oxidation rate conversion were increased with increasing reaction temperature to the 100∼190℃ range. For a given initial concentration of p-xylene, the oxidation rate and the apparent activation energy were found to be of first-order and 4.24 ㎉/㏖, respectively. The effect of the third components added to the Co/Mn/Br catalyst was also studied. It was found that Ni is only a good additive that can promote the catalyst performance.

김치의 혈전용해작용

강정옥,정영기,김정옥,양웅석,공인수 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 1996 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.1

Fibrinolytic activity of fermented kimchi and ingredients used for the preparation were assayed by measuring the lysis area on plasminogen-rich fibrin plate. Fermented kimchi and pickled fish sauces from changlan, prwan, and anchovy showed the activity, and the activity of pickled fish sauces were high in the order of pickled changlan, pickled anchovy(pickled mulchi), and pickled prawn. However, the activity of kimchi may not be attributed to pickled fish sauce because kimchi containing fish sauce did not possess activities before fermentation. To investigate fibrinolytic agents in the kimchi if protein, the activities were determined from the samples heated for 30min at 100℃. There was no changes in the activities before and after heat treatment indicating the agents may be components other than protein. Since major changes occur during kimchi fermentation were increased sour taste due to production of organic acids such as lactic, citric, oxalic, and succinic acids, the authentic organic acids present were examined for fibrinolytic activities. The results indicates that the major component posses the activity is lactic acid.