http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
정진도,이재원,유병구 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1995 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.10 No.2
Basic combustion mechanism of CWM(Coal Water Mixture) together with the chemical properties of the coal used in the experiment were studied. Temperature distribution, combustion efficiency and exhaust gas characteristics were investigated, by using the boiler as capacity of 3.5ton/hr with variation of excess air and boiler loading. Further, it was found that conbustion regions of volatile matter and fixed carbon were divided clearly. And furnace temperature varied with boiler loading and excess air. When the boiler load was 40-60%, the maximum combustion efficiency up to 95-98% was obtained for all the coals fired in this study. The pollutant emission characteristics of exhaust gas was also favorable.
사용자 수술명과 수술분류 code(ICD-9-CM) 일치율 향상에 관한 연구 : 수술실 OCS program 사용 활성화를 통하여
최향하,김미영,김도진,유지원,장정화,박수정,박재성 한국의료QA학회 2005 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.12 No.1
Background : The necessity of unify and standardize codes used at hospital has been emphasized since OCS (Order Communicating System) was adopted. Therefore, the purpose of this study were to standardize operation code by continuous training of the ICD-9-CM code that is used as standard code in OCS program at operating room. Method : In 400 operation data, operation code entered in OCS program at operating room was compared to operation name recorded in medical record. In addition, a matching rate between input data of operation code by medical record department and computing input data of operation code in 3,710 cases was compared for each department. User operation name and operation code were matched and major diagnosis by operation department and operation name were also matched. Results : User operation name was reflected in operation classification code in detail, and operation code entered on user was registered. Input rate and matching rate of operation code were gradually improved after improvement activity. In particular, a matching rate was high at ophthalmology where operation name is segmented. Plastic surgery and orthopedics with a lot of emergency operation and comprehensive operation name show low input rates. Conclusions : As the medical field makes progress in computerlization, awareness of information exchange and sharing becomes higher. Among codes to classified medical institution, codes related to surgical operation are all different by user of hospital and department. Computerlization and standardization is essential. And when efforts of standardization continue in alliance with individual hospital and institution, initiative of preparing medical policy data at a national level will be accelerated.
Sleep EEG Characteristics in Young and Elderly Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Yu-Jin Lee,Jong Won Kim,Yu-Jin G. Lee,Do-Un Jeong 대한신경정신의학회 2016 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.13 No.2
ObjectiveaaIn the present study, it was hypothesized that the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics of young (<30 yrs) and elderly (>55 yrs) OSAS patients would differ. MethodsaaWe analyzed 76 sleep EEG recordings from OSAS patients (young group: n=40, mean age: 24.3±4.9 yrs; elderly group: n=36, mean age: 59.1±4.9 yrs), which were obtained during nocturnal polysomnography. The recordings were assessed via spectral analysis in the delta (0.5–4.5 Hz), theta (4.5–8 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), beta (12–32 Hz), slow sigma (11–13 Hz), and fast sigma (13–17 Hz) frequency bands. ResultsaaApnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) and sleep efficiency (%) did not differ significantly between the two groups (19.8±14.4 vs. 25.9±16.0, p=0.085; 84.4±12.6 vs. 80.9±11.0, p=0.198, respectively). After adjusting for gender, the slow/fast sigma ratio was not significantly correlated with AHI in the elderly group (r=-0.047, p=0.790) but AHI was inversely correlated with the slow/fast sigma ratio in the young group (r=-0.423, p=0.007). A multiple linear regression analysis revealed that a higher AHI was related with a lower slow/fast sigma ratio in the young group (β=-0.392, p=0.028) but not the elderly. ConclusionaaIn the present study, sleep EEG activity differed between young and elderly OSAS patients. The slow/fast sigma ratio was associated with OSAS severity only in young patients, suggesting that young OSAS patients may have a distinctive brain plasticity compared with elderly patients.
( Yu Jin Do ),( Do Hyeon Kim ),( Myung Sung Jo ),( Dong Gi Kang ),( Sang Woo Lee ),( Jin-won Kim ),( Jeum Kyu Hong ) 한국균학회 2019 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.47 No.3
Chemicals related to hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and nitric oxide (NO) generations were exogenously applied to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae (Fof ) causing Fusarium wilt disease in strawberry plants, and regulations of in vitro conidial germination and mycelial growth of the fungus by the chemical treatments were evaluated. H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> drastically reduced the conidial germination of Fof in a dose-dependent manner, and treatment with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT) catalase inhibitor also led to dose-dependent inhibition of conidial germination but relatively moderately. Gradual decreases in mycelial growth of Fof were found by high concentrations of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, whilst exogenous 3-AT slightly increased the mycelial growth. Increasing sodium nitroprusside (SNP) NO donor, N<sup>G</sup>-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) NO synthase (NOS)-inhibitor and tungstate nitrate reductase (NR) inhibitor led to dose-dependent reductions in conidial germination of Fof in quite different levels. SNP conversely increased the mycelial growth but increasing L-NAME moderately decreased the mycelial growth. Tungstate strongly enhanced mycelial growth. Differentially regulated in vitro mycelial growths of Fof were demonstrated by SNP, L-NAME and tungstate with or without H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> supplement. Superoxide anion production was also regulated during the mycelial growth of Fof by nitric oxide. These results show that H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and NO-associated enzymes can be suggested as fungal growth regulators of Fof as well as eco-friendly disease-managing agents in strawberry production fields.
Urinary arsenic species concentration in residents living near abandoned metal mines in South Korea
Jin-Yong Chung,Byoung-Gwon Kim,Byung-Kook Lee,Jai-Dong Moon,Joon Sakong,Man Joong Jeon,Jung-Duck Park,Byung-Sun Choi,Nam-Soo Kim,Seung-Do Yu,Jung-Wook Seo,Byeong-Jin Ye,Hyoun-Ju Lim,Young-Seoub Hong 대한직업환경의학회 2016 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.28 No.-
Background: Arsenic is a carcinogenic heavy metal that has a species-dependent health effects and abandoned metal mines are a source of significant arsenic exposure. Therefore, the aims of this study were to analyze urinary arsenic species and their concentration in residents living near abandoned metal mines and to monitor the environmental health effects of abandoned metal mines in Korea. Methods: This study was performed in 2014 to assess urinary arsenic excretion patterns of residents living near abandoned metal mines in South Korea. Demographic data such as gender, age, mine working history, period of residency, dietary patterns, smoking and alcohol use, and type of potable water consumed were obtaining using a questionnaire. Informed consent was also obtained from all study subjects (n = 119). Urinary arsenic species were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). Results: The geometric mean of urinary arsenic (sum of dimethylarsinic acid, monomethylarsonic acid, As<SUP>3+</SUP>, and As<SUP>5+</SUP>) concentration was determined to be 131.98 μg/L (geometric mean; 95% CI, 116.72–149.23) while urinary inorganic arsenic (As<SUP>3+</SUP> and As<SUP>5+</SUP>) concentration was 0.81 μg/L (95% CI, 0.53–1.23). 66.3% (n = 79) and 21.8% (n = 26) of these samples exceeded ATSDR reference values for urinary arsenic (>100 μg/L) and inorganic arsenic (>10 μg/L), respectively. Mean urinary arsenic concentrations (geometric mean, GM) were higher in women then in men, and increased with age. Of the five regions evaluated, while four regions had inorganic arsenic concentrations less than 0. 40 μg/L, one region showed a significantly higher concentration (GM 15.48 μg/L; 95% CI, 7.51–31.91) which investigates further studies to identify etiological factors. Conclusion: We propose that the observed elevation in urinary arsenic concentration in residents living near abandoned metal mines may be due to environmental contamination from the abandoned metal mine. Trial registration: Not Applicable (We do not have health care intervention on human participants).
Yu Jin Yang,Gi Yong Lee,Sun Do Kim,Ji Heon Park,Soo In Lee,Geun-Bae Kim,Soo-Jin Yang 한국축산식품학회 2022 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.42 No.1
As commensal colonizers in livestock;there has been little attention on staphylococci;especially non-aureus staphylococci (NAS);contaminating meat production chain. To assess prevalence of staphylococci in retail pork and slaughterhouse carcass samples in Korea;we collected 578 samples from Korean slaughterhouses (n=311) and retail markets (n=267) for isolation of staphylococci and determined antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in all the isolates. The presence of and prevalence of fusB-family genes (fusB;fusC;fusD;and fusF) and mutations in fusA genes were examined in fusidic acid resistant isolates. A total of 47 staphylococcal isolates of 4 different species (Staphylococcus aureus;n=4; S. hyicus;n=1; S. epidermidis;n=10; Mammaliicoccus sciuri;n=32) were isolated. Fusidic acid resistance were confirmed in 9/10 S. epidermidis and all of the 32 M. sciuri (previously S. sciuri) isolates. Acquired fusidic acid resistance genes were detected in all the resistant strains; fusB and fusC in S. epidermidis and fusB/C in M. sciuri. Multi-locus sequence type analysis revealed that ST63 (n=10;31%) and ST30 (n=8;25%) genotypes were most prevalent among fusidic acid resistant M. sciuri isolates. In conclusion;the high prevalence of fusB-family genes in S. epidermidis and M. sciuri strains isolated from pork indicated that NAS might act as a reservoir for fusidic acid resistance gene transmissions in pork production chains.