Angiotensin Concerting Enzyme 유전자의 유전적 다형성(Genetic Polymorphism)이 관상동맥 질환 위험인자에 따른 혈중 Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1의 농도에 미치는 영향

김덕경,김종원,권현절,류재춘,박승우,김준수,이상훈,홍경표,박정의,이원로 대한고혈압학회 1996 대한고혈압학회지 Vol.2 No.2

항혈청으로 처치된 질트리코모나스(Trichomonas vaginalis) 미세구조의 변화

민득영,류재숙,안명희,박승정,조휘율 한양대학교 의과대학 1994 한양의대 학술지 Vol.14 No.2

Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic flagellate found in the urogenital tract of humans. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of antiserum from rat and rabbit on fine structure of T. vaginalis. Trophozoites were subcultured in TPS-1 medium(Diamond, 1968) at 37℃, CO₂incubator. T. vaginalis were inoculated in mixed medium containing of antiserum for 10 and 30 minutes, then observed with transmission and scanning electron microscope. The results are as follows: 1. T. vaginalis was ellipsoidal or ovoidal in shape with 4 flagella, an undulating membrane and an axostyle. The plasma membrane of body surface was smooth and furrowed. Pseudopodia(filopods) were often observed by SEM. Ultrastructure of trophozoites consisted of an elliptical shaped nucleus, RERs and Golgi complex around the nucleus, hydrogenosomes, glycogen granules, polysomes and vacuoles in cytoplasm. As the organelles for supporting and movement, an axostyle, kinetosomes, flagella, undulating membrane, costa and parabasal filaments were observed. 2. T. vaginalis treated with antiserum, its surface appeared destruction of plasma membrane, alteration and/or disappearance of axostyle, flagella and undulating membrane under the SEM and showed fine structural changes such as the nucleus surrounded by many vacuoles, decreased ribosomes, which attached to nuclear membrane and RER, vesiculated RER and Golgi complex. The area of filamentous cell coat and a number of coated vesicles were increased on plasma membrane with partial damage. According to going by the incubation time, the progressive destructions of cytoplasmic organelles, nuclear membrane, hydrogenosomal membrane, kinetosome and rootlet fiber were noted. With above results, it is presumed that specific antiserum induced the disturbance of protein systhesis and the damage of cytoplasm resulting lysis of T. vaginalis.

인공방광대치술을 받은 환자에서의 대사 산증 발생

김새인,이동현,김광현,류동열,김승정,강덕희,최규복,이신아 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2015 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.38 No.3

Objectives: Metabolic acidosis frequently develops in patients after neobladder reconstruction. However, the incidence of metabolic acidosis in patients with neobladder and the factors associated with the development of metabolic acidosis have not been well elucidated. We aimed to investigate the incidence and the potential predictors for the development of metabolic acidosis after neobladder reconstruction with intestinal segment. Methods: We included patients who underwent neobladder reconstruction using intestinal segment at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2014. A subgroup of patients according to the time of metabolic acidosis occurrence was further analyzed in order to characterize predictors for metabolic acidosis. Results: Metabolic acidosis was encountered in 79.4% of patients with neobladder during follow up period. When patients were divided into 2 groups according to anion gap (AG), total CO2 (18.9±2.1 mEq/L vs. 20.0±1.3 mEq/L, P=0.001) and chloride (106.6±4.9 mE/L vs. 109.4±3.6 mEq/L, P<0.001) were significant different between groups with AG>12 and AG≤12. Furthermore, when patients were divided into 3 groups; patients with metabolic acidosis at postoperative day (POD) 1; from POD 2 to 14 days; after 14 days, there was significant difference among those subgroups. Conclusion: Our study showed the rate of metabolic acidosis in patients underwent neobladder reconstruction and the difference between patients with metabolic acidosis and those without metabolic acidosis for the first time in Korea. In the future, well designed prospective study will be needed to prevent metabolic acidosis after neobladder reconstruction.

Association between vascular access failure and microparticles in hemodialysis patients

( Duk Hee Kang ),( Seung Jung Kim ),( Kyu Bok Choi ),( Dong Ryeol Ryu ),( Jung Hwa Ryu ),( Su Young Lim ) 대한신장학회 2012 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.31 No.1

Background: Vascular access failure, a major cause of morbidity in hemodialysis (HD) patients, occurs mainly at stenotic endothelium following an acute thrombotic event. Microparticles (MPs) are fragments derived from injured cell membrane and are closely associated with coagulation and vascular inflammatory responses. Methods: We investigated the relationship between levels of circulating MPs and vascular access patency in HD patients. A total of 82 HD patients and 28 healthy patients were enrolled. We used flow cytometry to measure endothelial MPs (EMPs) identified by CD31þCD42 or CD51þ and platelet-derived MPs (PMPs) identified by CD31þCD42þ in plasma samples of participants. Vascular access patency was defined as an interval from the time of access formation to the time of first access stenosis in each patient. MP counts were compared according to access patent duration. Results: The levels of EMP (both CD31þCD42 and CD51þ) and CD31þCD42þPMP were significantly higher in patients than in healthy participants. Levels of CD31þCD42 EMP and CD31þCD42þPMP showed a positive correlation. In nondiabetic HD patients, CD31þCD42 EMPs and CD31þCD42þPMPs were more elevated in the shorter access survival group (access survival o1 year) than in the longer survival group (access survival Z 4 years). Conclusion: Elevated circulating EMP or PMP counts are influenced by end-stage renal disease and increased levels of EMP and PMP may be associated with vascular access failure in HD patients.

Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-${\alpha}$ and PPAR-${\gamma}$ in the lung tissue of obese mice and the effect of rosiglitazone on proinflammatory cytokine expressions in the lung tissue

Ryu, Seung Lok,Shim, Jae Won,Kim, Duk Soo,Jung, Hye Lim,Park, Moon Soo,Park, Soo-Hee,Lee, Jinmi,Lee, Won-Young,Shim, Jung Yeon The Korean Pediatric Society 2013 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.56 No.4

Purpose: We investigated the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-${\alpha}$, PPAR-${\gamma}$, adipokines, and cytokines in the lung tissue of lean and obese mice with and without ovalbumin (OVA) challenge, and the effect of rosiglitazone, a PPAR-${\gamma}$ agonist. Methods: We developed 6 mice models: OVA-challenged lean mice with and without rosiglitazone; obese mice with and without rosiglitazone; and OVA-challenged obese mice with and without rosiglitazone. We performed real-time polymerase chain reaction for leptin, leptin receptor, adiponectin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}$, PPAR-${\alpha}$ and PPAR-${\gamma}$ from the lung tissue and determined the cell counts and cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Results: Mice with OVA challenge showed airway hyperresponsiveness. The lung mRNA levels of PPAR${\alpha}$ and PPAR-${\gamma}$ increased significantly in obese mice with OVA challenge compared to that in other types of mice and decreased after rosiglitazone administeration. Leptin and leptin receptor expression increased in obese mice with and without OVA challenge and decreased following rosiglitazone treatment. Adiponectin mRNA level increased in lean mice with OVA challenge. Lung VEGF, TNF-${\alpha}$, and TGF-${\beta}$ mRNA levels increased in obese mice with and without OVA challenge compared to that in the control mice. However, rosiglitazone reduced only TGF-${\beta}$ expression in obese mice, and even augmented VEGF expression in all types of mice. Rosiglitazone treatment did not reduce airway responsiveness, but increased neutrophils and macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Conclusion: PPAR-${\alpha}$ and PPAR-${\gamma}$ expressions were upregulated in the lung tissue of OVA-challenged obese mice however, rosiglitazone treatment did not downregulate airway inflammation in these mice.

Two Cases of Emphysematous Cystitis in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients (초)

( Seung Jung Jun ),( Mi Na Yu ),( Hei Rim Ahn ),( Dong Ryeol Ryu ),( Seung Jung Kim ),( Kyu Bok Choi ),( Duk Hee Kang ) 대한내과학회 2010 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2010 No.-

풍력발전이 SMP에 미치는 영향

류승현(Ryu, Seung-Hyun),엄신영(Um, Shin-Young),김수덕(Kim, Su-Duk) 한국신재생에너지학회 2009 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.06

제4차 전력수급기본계획(2008-2022)과 제3차 신 재생에너지 기술개발 및 이용.보급계획에 의거하여 전력산업기반기금을 통해 우선 구매되는 풍력발전이 계통한계가격(SMP, System Marginal Price)에 미치는 영향을 점검하였다. 제4차 전력수급기본계획(2008-2022)에서 향후의 전원설비건설계획과 전력수요를 참고하고, 제3차 신 재생에너지 기술개발 및 이용 보급계획에 의거, 풍력발전보급계획을 반영하였다. 발전변동비의 변화는 미래의 화석연료변동에 따를 것으로 보아 명목상승률 3%, 6%, 그리고 8%의 경우를 검토하였다. 현재는 풍력발전용량이 전체발전용량에 비해 미미해서 SMP에 큰 변화를 가져다주지 못하고 있지만 2014년에는 SMP가 결정되는 구간이 LNG발전기에서 유연탄발전기로 옮겨감에 따라 SMP차이가 최대 20.02[/KWh](발전 비용 명목 상승률8%)에 달하다가 2020년에는 다시 0[/KWh](발전비용 명목상승률8%)으로 줄어드는 것으로 분석되었다.

혈액투석 환자에서 항인지질 항체와 동정맥루 폐쇄의 상관관계에 대한 연구

강덕희(Duk Hee Kang),유승기(Seung Ki Ryu),김성남(Sung Nam Kim),최규복,윤견일(Kyun Il Yoon),이윤하(Yoon Ha Lee) 대한내과학회 1997 대한내과학회지 Vol.53 No.5

N/A Objectives: Anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) and lupus anticoagulant (LA) are acquired antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs), which are regarded as important risk factors far vascular thrombosis and recurrent fetal loss. Although the clinical relevance of APAs in dialysis patients is uncertain, recent studies have suggested that APAs are involved in bioincompatibility and thrombogenic complications in hemadialysis (HD) patients. Method : We performed a cross sectional study of ACA and LA in 50 stable HD patients and their 68 vascular accesses (52 native arteriovenous fistulae and 16 synthetic arterovenous grafts), with the analysis of factors associated with the presence of APAs and the retrospective evaluation of vascular access occlusion (VAO). LA was assessed by platelet neutralization method whereas IgG-ACA was measured by a solid phase ELISA. Values higher than 23GPLU/ml (IgG phospholipid units) were considered to be positive for IgG-ACA and positive values for LA was more than 8 seconds in prolongation of the clotting time with human platelet lysate. Vascular access survival was assessed by Kaplan- Meier method, Results: The mean age of the subject (M:F 21:29) was 46 years and the mean duration of hemodialysis was 49 months. The frequency of VAO in entire subjects was 0.45±0.98 episodes/patient year. The median value of IgG-ACA was 16.0 GPLU/ml with a distribution from 2.7 to 46.1GPLU/ ml. The median titer of I.A was 4.5 (3.1-45.6) seconds. Fourteen patients (28%) were found to have at least one episode of VAO. In spite of comparable clinical and biochemical data according to the presence of VAO, the titers of IgG-ACA (13.6±7.7 vs, 20.3±8.7GPLIJ/ml, P<0.05) and LA (4.5±2.9 vs. 11.7 ±12.6sec, P<0.05) were significantly higher in VAO group. Six out of 50 patients(12%) had an increased titer of IgG-ACA and LA was found in 11 patients(22%). No patients were positive for ACA and LA simultaneously. There was no significant difference in sex, etiology of ESRD, diabetic status, the dosage of heparin during HD or the amount of erythropoietin administered according to the presence of APAs. We could not find any significant correlation between the titer of APAs and age, duration of dialysis, blood pressure, platelet count and biochemical parameters. In the patients with positive ACA, the frequency of VAO was 1.05±0.12 episodes/patient · year, which was significantly higher than patients without ACA (0.33±0.17 episodes/ patient year, P<0.05). In the patients with the presence of LA(1.06±0.43 vs. 0.12±0.06 episodes/ patients · year, P<0.01). The median vascular access survival time in IgG-ACA positive patients (32.7 months) was significantly decreased compared to 66.8 months in IgG-ACA negative group. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the presence of APAs (ACA and/or LA) affects the event-free vascular access survival in HD patients. Therefore the evaluation of APAs status have to be included in the diagnostic strategies for the patients with recurrent VAO. Further studies are necessary to explore the pharmacologic intervention method to decrease APAs and prevent VAO in HD patients.

혈관 평활근세포 내 CRP 생성에 영향을 미치는 물질에 대한 연구

김승정 ( Seung Jung Kim ),류동열 ( Dong Ryeol Ryu ),강덕희 ( Duk Hee Kang ),최규복 ( Kyu Bok Choi ) 대한신장학회 2009 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.28 No.3

목적: 혈액투석환자의 혈관통로협착은 주로 혈관 평활근세포 (SMC)의 증식으로 이루어진 신생혈관내막 과다형성이 원인이다. C-반응단백 (CRP)은 신부전환자에서 심혈관질환의 위험도를 예측하는 인자이며 혈액투석 환자의 혈관통로의 협착을 예측하는 지표라고 알려져 있는데, 최근에는 CRP가 혈관의 SMC의 증식을 촉진시켜 동맥경화를 일으키는 원인물질로서의 역할이 부각되고 있다. 그러나 CRP의 생성에 영향을 주는 요인들은 아직 잘 알려지지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대동맥 SMC 내 CRP 생성을 촉진시키거나 억제시키는 물질에 대해 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법: 사람의 대동맥 SMC를 10% 우태아혈청을 포함한 ATCC 배지에 배양후 PDGF (10, 100 ng/mL), INF-γ (1, 10, 100 ng/mL), lovastatin (10 μM/L) 등을 첨가하여 배양하였다. 72시간 후 SMC에서의 CRP 생성은 Western blot 분석으로 측정하였고 세포증식의 정도는 MTT dye reduction assay로 측정하였다. RT-PCR을 이용하여 SMC 내 PDGF 수용체 발현을 관찰하였다. 결과: SMC에 PDGF와 INF-γ를 투여한 후 용량에 비례하여 SMC의 증식이 촉진되었으며 lovastatin을 첨가하였을 때는 대조군에 비해 SMC의 증식이 촉진되지 않았다. SMC에 INF-γ나 PDGF를 투여 후 CRP 생성이 증가하였으며 lovastatin을 동시에 투여한 경우에는 대조군에 비해 CRP의 생성이 증가되지 않았다. SMC 내 PDGF 수용체 α의 발현이 IFN-γ 투여 후 증가하였고 PDGF 수용체 β 발현은 IFN-γ의 투여에 영향을 받지 않았다. 결론: 혈관통로협착과 관계하는 SMC의 증식과 SMC내 CRP의 생성은 IFN-γ와 PDGF에 의해 촉진되고 statin에 의해 억제된다. Purpose: The stenosis of vascular access for hemodialysis is caused by neointimal hyperplasia with the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) as a prominent feature. C-reactive protein (CRP) is known to be produced in vascular SMC and can promote SMC proliferation. However, it is unclear of which factors regulate CRP production in neointimal hyperplasia. In the present study, we evaluated the factors affecting production of CRF in aortic SMC. Methods: Human aortic SMC were cultured in a American type culture collection (ATCC) medium containing 10% FBS. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (10, 100 ng/mL), interferon-γ (INF-γ) (1, 10, 100 ng/mL), hydroxymethylglutaryl-coA reductase inhibitor (lovastatin) (10 μM/L) were added. After 72 hours, the level of CRP in SMC was measured by Western blot analysis and cell proliferation was assessed by MTT dye reduction assay. We used RT-PCR to observe PDGF receptor expression in SMC. Results: Both INF-γ and PDGF were found to stimulate CRP production and SMC proliferation. In contrast, lovastatin inhibited PDGF or INF-γ induced CRP production and SMC proliferation. The expression of PDGF receptor-α in aortic SMC was increased after treatment of 100 ng/mL of IFN-γ. Conclusion: SMC proliferation and CRP production in SMC are stimulated by PDGF or INF-γ and inhibited by statin.

LDL-Cholesterol 직접측정법에 의한 한국인 LDL-C 참조치 설정에 관한 연구

이승관,서장훈,정운원,이창규,김상섭,류정록,김덕수,김석수 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 1996 保健科學論集 Vol.22 No.1

The concentration of low-density lipoproteins cholesterol(LDL-C) in serum is the basis for the classfication and treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Due to the inherent complexity of measuring LDL by the reference method, ultracentrifugation, it usually is estimated by Friedewald calculation that uses measured values for total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides. Calculated LDL(CLDL) results may be in accurate, especially if a patient's triglyceride level is elevated, and an important limitation of Friedewald equation is the need for a fasting sample to estimate LDL-C in serum. Recently a new "direct" immunological procedure for determining LDL-C has been developed and the estimation of LDL-C using this method is now increasing in our country. In this study we have analyzed reference values of direct LDL-C obtained from some healthy Korean by means of AIC method Following results were obtained 1. In total group, it had shown that the optimal model for normal distribution was the power function(f(x)=X^(0.56) ) with reference range of 56∼179㎎/dl. 2. In total men group, the power function(f(x)=X^(0.81)) with reference range of 55∼176㎎/dl was found as the optimal model showing normal distribution 3. In total women group, the power function(f(x)=X^(0.06)) with reference range of 60∼187㎎/dl was found as the optimal model for normal distribution 4. Power function were the predominant one in all age groups, of both sexes, with reference ranges of 57∼162, 54∼180, 55∼181 and 45∼178㎎/dl in 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s of male and those of female were 55∼177, 60∼192, 69∼175 and 58∼176㎎/dl respectively.