실험적 진폐증에서 투여약제에 따른 면역학적 병리학적 조직변화

윤임중,임현우,노영만,오상용,정장영,임영,김경아 가톨릭 대학 산업의학 쎈타 산업의학연구소 1993 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.32 No.2

To access the effects of some drugs such as piperazine phosphare, azathioprine and allopurinol in the experimental pneumoconiosis, 263 rats weighted 240-320 gm was divided into the control and eight experimental groups. To each group, the turbid solution mixed free silica, talc and natural coal dust of 50 mg in 0.8 ml saline were instilled intratracheally. At the begining and 5th week of experiment, piperazine phosphate(8mg/week orally), aspirin(1.5mg/day intramuscularly), azathioprine(25mg/day orally) and allopurinol(1.5mg/day orally) were administered simultaneously, while the dust turbid solution was only given to the control group. For each group the change of body weight. dry right lung weight, cellularity including total cell, macrophage, lymphocyte and neurtrophil in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, superoxide ion, hydroxyproline, leukotriene B₄, tumor necrotsis factor, prostaglandin E₂were examined, and observed the pathological chages in lung tissue. The results were as follow : 1. The larger amount of their instilled dust and the longer observation period, the severer pathological findings were found in the lung tissue of each experimental group. 2. The body and dry right lung wight was not significantly changed in the experimental groups compared with the control group. 3. The number of total cell in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was markedly less in the experimental group than the control one, while no significant difference was found in the percent alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes in both groups. However, the percent of neutrophiles was usually lower than in the control group. 4. The amount of superoxide ion was frequently less in the experimental group compared with the control one. 5. The amount of hydroxyproline was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control one. 6. The amount of leukotriene B₄was usually less in the drug administered group than in the control one. 7. The amount of tumor necrotic factor was also frequently lower in each experimental group than in the control one. 8. The amount of prostaglandin E₂was usually higher in each experimental group than in the control one.

광중합형 레진에서 초기 저광도 광중합 및 연마 시기가 변연부 미세 누출에 미치는 영향

노병덕,정일영,이상훈 大韓齒科保存學會 2000 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.25 No.1

공간구문론을 이용한 루이스 칸 건축의 공간구조 분석에 관한 연구

노재원,김영욱,이상호 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.5

This study is the quantitative analysis which doesn't only focus on Kahn's statement but also the architectural space itself. The purpose of this study is to understand Kahn's architecture with an actual proof with the use of Space Syntax. The results of this study were as follows; Firstly, in the spatial configuration like concentric circle centering around a huge space, the characteristics are, - forming the rank of syntactic value and determining building user's flow - clarifing building user's spatial cognition - representing Kahn's architectural concept from the beginning Secondly, in the spatial configuration with centrality by putting specific spatial unit to the universal spaces without especially integrated or segregated spaces, - spatial configuration would rather be settled by Kahn's architectural concept which has priority to building's function than satisfy the functional demand following building type. Thirdly, Kahn's void space doesn't mean empty space but his point of architectural concept ; 'Room'

Plasma arc light를 이용한 금속 브라켓의 부착시 광조사 방향과 중합시간이 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향

노상정,이현정,전영미,김정기 대한치과교정학회 2004 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.34 No.5

본 연구는 Plasma arc light를 이용하여 금속 브라켓의 부착시 광조사 방향, 중합시간 그리고 경화시간이 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해서 시행되었다. 240개의 발거된 소구치를 15군으로 나눈 후, 광중합기(Plasma arc light와 Halogen light), 중합시간(Plasma arc light 2, 4, 6초와 Halogen light 20초), 그리고 광조사 방향(Vertical 방향과 Oblique 방향)을 다르게 하여 브라켓을 부착하였다. 광중합 접착제는 Transbond XT를 이용하였으며 브라켓 부착 후 5분과 24시간 후에 만능물성시험기를 이용하여 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다 광중합기의 종류와 중합시간에 관계없이 Vertical군과 Oblique군 간의 전단결합강도는 유의한 차이가 없었다 (p>0.05). Plasma arc light를 이용하여 2초 동안 광중합한 군들의 전단결합강도는 다른 중합시간의 군들보다 현저히 낮았다 (p<0.05). 부착 5분 후의 전단결합강도는 24시간 후보다 현저히 낮았다 (p<0.05). ARI 점수는 군들 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과는 plasma arc light를 사용한 금속 브라켓의 부착시 광조사 방향은 전단결합강도에 영향을 끼치지 않으며, Halogen light와 유사한 결합강도를 얻기 위해서는 4초 이상의 중합시간이 필요함을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different light direction. exposure times and setting times when using plasma arc light on shear bond strength of metal brackets. 240 extracted human premolars were randomly assigned to one of 16 groups. Standardized brackets were bonded to enamel using different light curing units (Plasma arc light and Halogen light), exposure times (Plasma arc light 2, 4, 6 seconds and Halogen light 20 seconds), and light directions (Vertical direction [V] and Oblique direction [O]). 8 groups were tested after 5 minutes and the remaining 8 groups after 24 hours. The metal brackets were bonded with Transbond XT. Shear bond strength was measured by a universal testing machine. The results were as follows: There were no differences between the shear bond strengths of the Vertical groups (V) and Oblique groups (O), regardless of exposure times and types of light curing units (p>0.05), The shear bond strength of the group with 2 seconds of plasma light were significantly lower than other exposure time groups (p<0.05). The shear bond strength tested after 5 minutes was lower than after 24 hours (p<0.05). The Adhesive Remment Index (ARI) score showed no statistically significant difference among the different groups. The results of this study suggested that the light direction of plasma arc light had no influence on the shear bond strength of metal brackets to enamel, and exposure times more than 4 seconds produced shear bond strengths similar to those produced with a conventional halogen curing light.

호알칼리성 Bacillus sp.F204와 Bacillus sp.K17의 원형질체 융합

성낙계,노종수,박석규,정영철 순천대학교 기초과학연구소 1990 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

To develop cellulase and xylanase-producing strain by protoplast fusion, alkalophilic Bacillus sp. F204 and K17 were treated with NTG(N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) and isolated antibiotics resistant strains of S20 (Km', Cm') and G70(Str'). The frequency of protoplast formation was about 95% when cells of mid-log phase were treated with 200㎍/㎖ lysozyme at 37℃ for 30-45 minutes. Under addition of 0.4-0.5M sodium succinate, 0.5% casamino acid, 1.5% polyvinylpyrrolidone, 25mM MgCl_2 and 50mM CaCl_2 to the regeneration medium, the regeneration frequency of Bacillus sp. F204 and K17 was 24.9% and 26.2%, respectively. the fusion frequency was 6.6×10^-6 in the presence of 30% polyethylene glycol 6000 containing 50mM Ca^++ at 45℃ for 5 minutes. Cellulase complex and xylanase activities of fusant were compared with parental strains.

스포츠 소비자 행동에 대한 이론적 고찰

이상봉,노영태 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1994 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

This research investigated sports consumer behavior by examining literatures. Conclusiona from the results as follows. Product sales and consumer service of modern society utilize various methods and marketing techniques. All administrative decisions are made based on consumer demand. This is becoming the center of today's concept of marketing. Consumer means an individual or an organization who purchases and acquires goods and services for individual consumption and, sports consumer means an individual or an organization who purchases goods. Sports consumer can be classified into audience for spectator sports, sports participants who are consumers of participation sports(health/leisure sports), general sports consumer who are consumers of sports supporting services or sorts related goods, organizations of sports participation/spectatorship and regular corporations. Purchasing behaviors of consumers are strongly influenced by cultural, social, personal, and psychological elements. In cultural elements, there are culture, sub-culture and social stratification(7 classes). In social elements, there are association, family, role and status. On personal elements, there are age, stages in family life, occupation, economic situation, life style, personality and self-conception. On psychological elements, there are motivation, perception, educational curriculum and conviction and attitude. Since consumers are motivated into purchasing because of these elements, target should be set so that a marketing strategy which meets consumers' demand can be applied.

재광화 완충용액의 pH 변화가 상아질의 재광화에 미치는 영향

김성철,노병덕,정일영,이찬영 대한치과보존학회 2007 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.32 No.2

치아 우식증은 구강 영역에서 가장 흔한 질환이나 여러 가지 복잡한 요소가 작용하기 때문에 이에 대한 발생기전과 치료법에 대해서는 완전히 이해되지 않은 상태이다. 특히 초기우식의 재광화에 있어서 pH의 영향에 대하여 논란의 여지가 있다. 본 연구에서는 유산 완충용액을 이용하여 상아질에 인공 우식을 형성하고 이때의 무기질 소실을 측정하고, 탈회된 시편을 pH가 다른 세가지 재광화 용액 (pH 4.3, 5.0, 5.5 군)으로 재광화시켰을 때 나타나는 무기질의 침착되는 양과 침착이 일어나는 부위를 Microradiograph를 이용하여 정량적으로 비교 분석하였다. 또한 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 수산화인회석 결정의 정상 상태, 탈회된 상태, 그리고 재광화가 일어났을 때의 상태를 정성적으로 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Microradiograph 분석시 pH가 증가할수록 탈회된 상아질에서 재광화양이 유의차 있게 증가되는 경향을 보였고, pH가 낮아질수록 재광화가 일어나면서 더 깊게 탈회되는 양상을 보였으나, pH 5.5 군은 전반적으로 재광화가 일어나는 경향을 보였다 (p < 0.05). 2. 주사전자현미경 소견에서 상아질 우식의 재광화는, 유기기질 망을 둘러싸고 있는 수산화인회석 결정의 표면으로부터 진행되며 결국에는 탈회 시 파괴된 공간을 채워가는 양상으로 관찰되었다. 3. 재광화 5일 후 pH 4.3, 5.0 군에서 무기질이 침착되어 수산화인회석결정이 정상보다 커졌으며, pH 5.5 군에서 재광화된 부위의 결정은 정상으로 회복되는 양상을 보였다. 재광화 10일 후 pH 4.3, 5.0 군에서 재광화 5일 후에 정상보다 커졌던 결정들이 정상상아질의 결정 크기로 줄어들었으며 pH 5.5 군에서는 결정의 크기가 2 배정도 커진 경우도 관찰되었다. 본 실험의 결과에 의하면 상아질의 우식과 재광화 과정은 단순한 탈회와 재광화의 독립적인 과정이 아니고 동력학적으로 탈회와 재광화가 동시에 일어나는 과정이며, 이때 재광화는 기존의 수산화인회석 결정의 표면으로부터 진행되었다. Dental caries is the most common disease in the oral cavity. However, the mechanism and treatment of dental caries is not completely understood since many complex factors are involved. Especially the effect of pH on remineralization of early stage of dental caries is still controversial. In this study, dental caries in dentin was induced by using lactic acidulated buffering solutions and the loss of inorganic substance was measured. Also decalcified specimens were remineralized by three groups of solution with different pH (group of pH 4.3, 5.0, and 5.5). Then, the amount and the area of inorganic substance precipitation was quantitatively analyzed with microradiograph. Also a qualitative comparison of the normal phase, the demineralized phase, and the remineralized phase of hydroxyapatite crystal was made under SEM. The results were as follows; 1. In microradiograghic analysis, as the pH increased, the amount of remineralization in decalcified dentin tended to increase significantly. As the pH decreaced, deeper decalcification, however, occurred along with remineralization. The group of pH 5.5 had a tendency to be remineralized without demineralization (p < 0.05). 2. In SEM view, the remineralization in dentine caries occurred from the hydroxyapatite crystal surface surrounding the mesh of organic matrix, and eventually filled up the demineralized area. 3. 5 days after remineralization, hydroxyapatite crystal grew bigger with deposition of inorganic substance in pH 4.3 and 5.0 group, and the crystal in the remineralized area appeared to return to normal. After 10 days, the crystals in group of pH 4.3 and 5.0, which grew bigger after 5 days of remineralization, turned back to their normal size, but in group of pH 5.5, some crystals were found to double their size. In according to the results of this experiment, the decalcifying and remineralizing process of dentine is neither simple nor independent, but a dynamic process in which decalcification and remineralization occur simultaneously. The remineralization process occurred from the hydroxyapatite crystal surface.

경남지역 생산직 남자 근로자들의 근로형태 및 운동참여 수준별 요통 유병률 조사

정영미,김병로,정성림 창원대학교 체육과학연구소 2003 경남 체육연구 Vol.8 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 근로자들의 근로형태 및 운동 참여 수준별 요통 유병률을 조사하는 것이다. 본 연구의 대상자는 창원, 마산, 김해, 통영 등 9개 지역과 19개소의 제조업체 생산직 남자 근로자 533명 중 요통이 있는 254명을 대상으로 하였고, 검사지는 일반사항 및 근로형태 5문항과 운동에 관한 사항 5문항, 요통에 관한 사항 12문항으로 총 22문항으로 구성하여 조사하였으며 수집된 자료는 SAS PC/Program을 이용하여 빈도와 비율을 산출하고 카이스퀘어(Chi-Square)검증을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 근무형태별 요통 유병률은 3교대에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 근무기간별로는 11-20년에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 유의한 차이가 있었다. 작업자세별로는 앉은 자세에서 가장 높게 나타났으나 유의한 차이가 없었다. 작업형태별로는 중량물 취급유에서 높게 나타났으며 유의한 차이가 있었다. 운동빈도별 요통 유병률은 주5회 이상에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 운동종목별로는 사이클링에서 가장 높게 나타났으나 유의한 차이가 없었다. 운동실시기간별로는 6개월 이상에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 운동시간별로는 30분-1시간에서 가장 높게 나타났으나 유의한 차이가 없었다. 운동강도별로는 강한 강도에서 요통이 가장 높게 나타났으나 유의한 차이는 없었다.

객체 관계형 DBMS 기반의 XML 문서 저장 스키마 설계

신성현,노희영,김진호 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2005 정보통신논문지 Vol.9 No.-

Each XML document can be represented by using elements which form a hierarchical structure. In order to store and manage XML documents in database systems, many researches have been done on XML storage systems. When we use relational DBMSs to store XML documents, it is complicate to transform XML documents of hierarchical structures into relational schema of flat tabular forms. In this paper, we developed a method storing XML documents by using an object-relational DBMS. First, we devised a method for transforming XML DTDs into object-relational schema including set type, reference type, and inheritance which don't exist in relational DBMSs. Second, we incorporate a method to minimize hierarchical structures of XML documents by using finite automata theory. With this minimization process, we will be able to get more compact and more normalized database schema for the given XML documents. Finally, we also compared the proposed method with the existing ones for the performance of data retrieval.

줄넘기 운동강도에 따른 혈액화학성분 및 체력요인의 변화 : focused High School Boys

노영옥,노성규 강원대학교 체육과학연구소 2000 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.23

This study analyzes the influence of the rope skipping intensities on the blood chemical components and physical fitness of high school male students. The subjects of this study are the 45 male high school students. In the experiment the two groups did the rope skipping with 60% and 80% intensity of their maximal capacity respectively for 60 minutes. Three times a week for 12 weeks. The change of the blood chemical components and physical fitness are analyzed. The results of study are as following 1.The blood chemical component 1) The exercise groups of 60% and 80% intensity of their maximal capacity have shown the increase in the following areas; HDL-C. 2) The exercise groups of 60% and 80% intensity of their maximal capacity have shown the decrease in the following areas; LDL-C. 2.The physical fitness 1) The exercise group of 60% and 80% intensity of their maximal capacity have shown the increase in the following areas; back-strength, leg strength, cardirespiratory endurance. Since as this study result shows the blood chemical components and physical fitness has changed positively through rope skipping, it is expected that the rope skipping will be an effective exercise for obese students.