Efficient Interleukin-21 Production by Optimization of Codon and Signal Peptide in Chinese Hamster Ovarian Cells

( Hee Jun Cho ),( Byung Moo Oh ),( Jong-tae Kim ),( Jeewon Lim ),( Sang Yoon Park ),( Yo Sep Hwang ),( Kyoung Eun Baek ),( Bo-yeon Kim ),( Inpyo Choi ),( Hee Gu Lee ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.2

Interleukin-21 is a common γ-chain cytokine that controls the immune responses of B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. Targeting IL-21 to strengthen the immune system is promising for the development of vaccines as well as anti-infection and anti-tumor therapies. However, the practical application of IL-21 is limited by the high production cost. In this study, we improved IL-21 production by codon optimization and selection of appropriate signal peptide in CHO-K1 cells. Codon-optimized or non-optimized human IL-21 was stably transfected into CHO-K1 cells. IL-21 expression was 10-fold higher for codon-optimized than non-optimized IL-21. We fused five different signal peptides to codon-optimized mature IL-21 and evaluated their effect on IL-21 production. The best result (a 3-fold increase) was obtained using a signal peptide derived from human azurocidin. Furthermore, codon-optimized IL-21 containing the azurocidin signal peptide promoted IFN-γ secretion and STAT3 phosphorylation in NK-92 cells similar to codon-optimized IL-21 containing original signal peptide. Collectively, these results indicate that codon optimization and azurocidin signal peptides provide an efficient approach for the high-level production of IL-21 as a biopharmaceutical.

분광색채계측기를 이용한 Vita Shade 광중합형 복합레진의 색상 비교

조경이,황인남,최홍란,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 1998 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.23 No.1

To get a satisfactory result in the composite resin restorations, it is necessary to choose correct shade. At present, most of the commercial composite resins are based on the Vita Lumin shade guide or Bioform shade guide. but color differences might be expected even using the same shade in various materials. In this study, five kinds of light cured composite resins with A2 and B3 shade were used to measure and compare the color each other while one porcelain served as a control. All composite resins (Spectrum TPH (SP), VeridonFil-Photo (VE), Z100 (Z100), Charisma (CH), Prodigy (PRO)) were filled in to the metal mold (12 mm diameter, 2 mm depth), followed by compression, polymerization and polishing with wet sandpaper. The specimens of porcelain were fabricated by using the refractory mold for porcelain. After 24 hours, the specimens were placed on the spectrocolorimeter and spectral reflectance were measured under CIE illuminant D65. After measuring the values of L*, a*, b* and ΔE*, following results were obtained; 1, The L*, a* and b* values of both shade of porcelain specimens showed significantly higher than those of resin specimens(p<0.05). 2. In comparing the resin specimens of the A2 shade, differences were significant except L* values of SP-CH and PRO-VE, a* values of the VE-SP and b* values of the VE-Z100 and SP-PRO(p<0.05). 3. In comparing the resin specimens of the B3 shade, differences were significant except L* values of PRO-SP(p<0.05). 4. In comparing the resin specimens of the A2 shade, color differences between materials(ΔE*) showed the lowest value of 1.66. and the highest was 5.16. ΔE* values of the materials of VE-PRO, CH-PRO, SP-PRO, SP-Z100 and SP-CH were lower than 3.3. 5. In com0paring the resin specimens of the B3 shade, the lowest value of the ΔE* was 0.57 and the highest was 5.92. ΔE* values of Z100-CH and SP-PRO were lower than 3.3. The present study revealed there was perceptible color difference between materials even if they have the same designated shade based on Vita shade guide. The results of the present study suggested that it would be necessary to establish the reproducible and constant color specification system for an esthetic restoration.

이중에너지 방사선 흡수계측법을 이용한 성인 남녀의 장골 및 경골의 골밀도에 관한 연구

조용석,김경원,이경호,박현진,서상수,오상엽 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.3

Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone mineral density of iliac and tibial bone which are frequently selected as autogenic bone graft donor sites, and to evaluate the efficiency of this method as a guideline for the selection of bone graft donor site. Materials and Methods : In this study 61 male and 70 female volunteers at Chungbuk National University Hospital were involved between Jan. 1998 to Sept. 1999. We measured bone mineral density of the iliac and the tibial bone using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. We evaluated the data using the SAS system for Windows and bone mineral density of the lumbar was used for control. Results : Age showed the highest correlation in correlation matrix between physical and bone variables. Height and weight showed lower correlation of linear increment. In man, the change of bone density according to age demonstrated linear decrease irrespective of the lumbar, ilium, and tibia. In woman, the change of bone density according to age showed cubic form, which increased in the third and forth decade. So it had a peak bone mass on about 35 year-old, thereafter, the change of bone density slowly decreased until 50 year-old, but it rapidly decreased after 50 year-old and it slowly decreased again after 65 year-old. Both in all subjects and subject with osteoporosis, the change of bone mineral density according to age showed statistically significant decrease in lumbar and tibia, but ilium was irrespective. Conclusion : In patients of aged or with osteoporosis, ilium demonstrated less tendency of decrease in bone mineral density than tibla. So this preliminary study suggested that ilium seemed better donor site for autogenic bone graft than tibia.

생체내 심근허혈-재관류 모델에서 멜라토닌의 재관류 부정맥에 대한 심근보호작용에 관한 연구

조규종,김원,홍정석,이미우,장성은,오세현,임경수 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Background: Recently, a few studies demonstrated that melatonin reduced the severity of myocardial reperfusion injuries, such as reperfusion arrhythmias. However, it is uncertain whether the melatonin reduces reperfusion arrhythmias in thus anesthetized animals because results were obtained using isolated hearts. Thus, to see whether melatonin reduces reperfusion arrhythmias in anesthetized animals, we examined the effect of melatonin on the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias in an anesthetized-cat model of regional ischemia. Method: Adult mongrel male cats(n=30, 2.9∼4.2 kg) were anesthetized under positive-pressure artificial ventilation with room air. The animals of the control group(n=15) were subjected to 20-minute left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD) occlusion followed by abrupt reperfusion. The animals in experimental group(n=15) were divided into two. Group I(n=6) was pretreated with melatonin, 1 mg/kg, before occluding the LAD. Group II(n=9) was pretreated with melatonin, 10 mg/kg. The animals in experimental group were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion insult following drug treatment: melatonin was applied intra-peritoneally for 3 minutes just before LAD coronary artery ligation. The Fisher's exact test was used to compare the data from different animal groups. p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The incidence of ventricular fibrillation(VF) during the reperfusion phase in group II(pretreated with melatonin, 10 mg) was significantly smaller than that in the control group(p-value = 0.0029). However, no statistically significant difference of VF incidence was found between group I(pretreated with melatonin, 1 mg) and the control group. Conclusion: Employing an anesthetized-cat model of regional cardiac ischemia, we investigated the dose-dependant effects of melatonin on reperfusion-induced arrhythmia. The cats pretreated with 10 mg/kg of melatonin before ischemia had a significantly reduced incidence of lethal reperfusion-induced arrhythmia, but there was no difference between the cats pretreated with 1 mg/kg of melatonin before ischemia and the control group.

중·고등학교 아랍어 교재 집필 및 교재 내용에 관한 연구 보고서

오명근,송경숙,전완경,사희만,이규철,조희선,정규영,최진영 한국아랍어아랍문학회 1999 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.3 No.1

자일리톨과 탄수화물의 Streptococcus mutans에 대한 효과

김경희,정병초,양규호,오종석 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2002 구강과학 Vol.14 No.1

Xylitol is a 5-carbons carbohydrate, which can be replacedwith sucrose for preventing caries. The replication of Streptococcus mutans and its formation of artificial plaque were studied in the media containing xylitol. The combined effect of xylitol and other carbohydrates on Streptococcus mutans wasalso studied. The replication of Streptococcus mutans was inhibited according to the increased concentration of xylitol.Streptococcus mutans replicated at the initial stage ofincubation in the media containing glucose. fructose of loctose, while replicating from the beginning of incubation in the media containing fructose as combining with xylitol. The formation of artificial plaque by Streptococcus mutans was significantly reduced in the media containing with xylitol and fructose. These results indicated that the replication of Streptococcus mutans was inhibited according to the increased concentration of xylitol, and the formation fo artificial plaque by Streptococcus mutans was significantly inhibited in the media containing xylitol and fructose.

성인형 당뇨병 환자에서 피부생검을 이용한 표피하 모세혈관 기저막 두께의 변화에 관한 연구

김원학,오금탁,김만우,장경식,채종구,조건국 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1987 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.12 No.1

Thickening and proliferation of capillary basement membrane is a generalized phenomenon in diabetes mellitus and has been described in many organs including heart, kidney, pancreas, retina etc. While such changes are specific, it is difficult to obtain specimens from those organs. We took the specimens from the medial surface of the thing of 33 diabetics and 4 healthy persons as controls by means of punch biopsy. The measurement carried out by normogram and electron microscopic technique. HbA_(1c) values were also measured simultaneously. 1. The HbA_(1c) values are higher in diabetics than in control group (p<0.01). 2. The subepidermal capillary basement membrane thickness of the diabetics : 30% of the 5 th decade population, 53.9% of the 6 rh decade population and 83.3% of the 7th decade population showed more rhan 3,000 A. Whereas all the controls showed below 3,000 A. 3. The subepidermal capillary basement membrane thickness did nor increase significantly with the duration of the disease. 4. In cases of high subepidermal capillary basement membrane thickness, HbA_(1c) showed significant increase. (p<0.01).

국내 의료기관의 항생제 사용 실태와 규제 시스템 조사

방지환,송경호,박완범,김성한,조재현,김홍빈,김남중,오명돈,최강원 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

목적 : 이전 연구들에 따르면 아직까지 국내에서 불필요한 항생제 사용은 무시할 수 없는 수준이며, 특히, 수술환자들에 대한 예방적 항생제 투여가 문제로 지적되고 있다. 많은 병원에서 불필요한 항생제 처방을 제한하려는 노력을 하고 있지만 구체적인 현황에 대한 자료는 적은 실정이다. 이에 본 연구자 등은 국내 의료기관의 항생제 규제 시스템의 현황과 수술시 예방적 항생제 사용의 적정성을 알아보고자 한다. 재료 및 방법 : 전임 감염내과 전문의가 근무하는 의료기관 55곳에 대해 설문조사를 시행하였다. 설문의 내용은 적정한 항생제 사용을 유도하기 위한 정책 및 규제 프로그램, 실제 각 의료기관의 예방적 항생제 사용 현황 등으로 이루어져 있다. 결과 : 55개의 의료기관에 보낸 설문 중 44개가 회수되었다. 회신한 의료기관에서 항생제 처방 관리는 제한항생제 시스템을 가장 많이 이용하고 있었고(95.5%), 항생제에 대한 교육(79.5%), 전산시스템에서 관리(59.1%), 감염내과에 의뢰(54.5%), 항생제 사용 실적 검토(52.3%) 등의 순이었다. 대개의 병원에서 glycopeptides (100.0%), carbapenems (93.0%), quinupristin/dalfopristin 또는 linezolid(93.0%), 4세대 cephalosporin (74.4%), caspofungin 또는 voriconazole (62.8%), liposomal amphotericin B (60.5%) 등을 제한항생제로 분류하여 관리하고 있었다. 모든 의료기관에서 위절제술 및 유방절제술시에 불필요하게 예방적 항생제를 사용하고 있었다. 슬관절치환술의 경우 2세대 cephalosporin을 예방적으로 사용하는 경우가 가장 많았으며(30.2%), 관상동맥우회술의 경우 3세대 cephalosporin을 예방적으로 사용하는 경우가 가장 많았다(47.2%). 예방적 항생제의 투여 기간을 살펴보면 위절제술시 70.5%에서 4일을 초과하여 사용하고 있었고, 유방절제술시에는 63.6%에서, 슬관절치환술시에는 81.8%에서, 관동맥우회술시에는 81.1%에서 4일을 초과하여 장기간 예방적 항생제를 투여하고 있었다. 한편, 예방적 항생제 투여시 aminoglycoside계 항생제를 병용하는 경우도 많았다. 결론 : 아직까지 국내 의료기관에서 항생제 오남용을 막기 위한 노력이 더 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 특히 수술시 예방적 항생제의 올바른 투여에 많은 관심이 필요하다. Background : Previous studies in Korea showed that unnecessary antibiotic use could not be neglected, especially in prophylactic use. Currently many hospitals employ diverse antibiotic stewardship programs, but there are few studies on surveillance of such programs. So, we planned this study to evaluate current status of antimicrobial stewardship and adequacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Materials and Methods : We sent questionnaires about policy on antibiotic usage, control program for adequate antibiotic prescription, and actual status of prophylactic antibiotic usage to 55 infectious disease physicians in each hospital. Results : Of 55 contacted infectious diseases clinicians, 44 answered the questionnaire. Majority of hospitals employed restricted antimicrobial system (95.5%), education (79.5%), control by order communicating system (59.1%), consult to infectious disease physicians (59.1%), and review of cumulative antimicrobial usage (52.3%) to prevent inadequate antibiotic use. Glycopeptides were designated as a restricted antimicrobial agent in 100.0% of hospitals; carbapenems, 93.0%; quinupristin/ dalfopristin or linezolid, 93.0%; the 4th generation cephalosporins, 74.4%; caspofungin or voriconazole, 62.8%; liposomal amphotericin B, 60.5%, and so on. Unnecessary perioperative prophylactic antimicrobial agents were prescribed in gastrectomy and mastectomy in all the hospitals. The second generation cephalosporins and the third generation cephalosporins were the most commonly prescribed prophylactic antimicrobial agents in total knee replacement arthroplasty (TKRA) and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) respectively. In 70.5% of institutes they use prophylactic antimicrobial agents more than four days in gastrectomy; 63.6% in mastectomy; 81.8% in TKRA; 81.1% in CABG. Unnecessary combination of aminoglycosides with other antimicrobial agents for prophylactic use was another common problem. Conclusion : This study shows that more effort is required to diminish antimicrobial misuse or overuse, especially in prophylactic use for surgical patients.

양 하지의 근력저하를 주소로 응급실로 내원한 원발성 알도스테로증 1예

안력,김원,조규종,홍정석,이미우,장성은,오세현,임경수 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

A primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL) is defined as a lymphoma limited to the cranial-spinal axis without systemic involvement. PCNSLs were formerly very rare, only 0.5∼ 1.2% of all intracranial neoplasms, and were usually associated with acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome(AIDS) and other immune-compromised states. Recently, there has been a clear rise in the incidence of this disease among normal individuals. We describe a 77-year-old female with hyponatremia who presented with a confused mental state. Computed tomography(CT) of the brain demonstrated a suprasellar mass with enhancement. We evaluated the basic hormonal studies and the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). A ventricular biopsy was done, and the result was a diffuse, large, B-cell-type malignant lymphoma. She presented panhypopituitarism and partial central diabetes insipidus. She received chemotheraphy and was discharged in an improved condition. We report a case of panhypopituitarism due to PCNSL and give a review of the literature.

특발성 자발성 신장 파열 1예

윤재철,김원,조규종,홍정석,이미우,장성은,오세현,임경수 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Primary aldosteronism is a syndrome characterized by hypertension, hypokalemia, suppressed plasma renin activity, and elevated serum aldosterone levels. Conn first described it 1955 in association with adrenal cortical adenoma(Conn's syndrome). Today, it can be divided into at least six distinctive sub-groups. The diagnosis of primary aldosteronism is usually suspected when the patient presents with poorly controlled hypertension with hypokalemia. The main issues in the evaluation of primary aldosteronism are to differentiate an adenoma from hyperplasia and to localize the adenoma. Basic hormonal studies and computed tomographic(CT) scanning can be used effectively for that differentiation. An adenoma is one of a few potentially curable forms of hypertension, and it is best treated by removing the adrenal tumor. We experienced a case of a typical adrenal adenoma. The patient was a 37-year-old male who had experienced in both his legs over a period of several days a weakness due to hypokalemia. He was diagnosed using basic hormonal studies and adrenal CT scanning. After, he received laparoscopic adrenalectomy and was discharged with improved condition.