경기변동과 고소득층 소비지출에 대한 연구

배미경,박광희 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 2006 科學論集 Vol.32 No.-

This study investigated the consumption patterns of high-income households and analyzed the ratio of major 6 expenditures including food at home, food away from home, education, clothing, entertainment, and housing expenditure to total expenditure. The Daewoo Panel data was used and descriptive statistics, t-test and regression analysis were utilized for data analysis. Regression analyses were used to investigate the determinants of consumption pattern. To investigate effects of the economy depression, this study compared the consumption ratio for two different years. The results of study showed that among 6 categories, food away from home seemed to have larger effect of the economy depression but high-income household seemed not to lessen the education expense. The results showed that the age of reference person affected the amount of food expense, clothing and entertainment. This study would be useful to marketing strategies for fashion industries focusing on high-income households.

중합 광원과 중합 시간이 복합레진의 표면 경도에 미치는 영향

배상만,김대업,이광희,안호영 대한소아치과학회 2001 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.28 No.2

플라즈마 아크 광원을 사용하는 광중합기를 저출력 할로겐 광원을 사용하는 전통적인 광중합기와 비교 평가하기 위하여 세 종류의 복합레진을 두께가 2, 3, 4, 5mm인 몰드에 충전하고 레진 상면을 할로겐 광으로 40초간 플라즈마광으로 3, 6, 9초간 조사한 후 레진 상면과 하면의 표면미세경도를 각각 측정하였다. 레진시편 상면의 표면경도와 하면의 표면경도 간의 차이는, 두께 2mm 시편에 할로겐 광을 40초간 조사하였거나 플라즈마광을 9초간 조사한 경우들을 제외하고, 모두 유의하였다(P<0.05). 레진시편 상면의 표면경도는 전체 실험군들에서 서로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 레진시편 하면의 표면경도는 전체적으로 보아 할로겐 광을 40초간 조사한 군들에서 가장 높았고 플라즈마광의 조사시간이 감소함에 따라 감소하였으며 레진시편의 두께가 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 이상의 결과는 복합레진의 중합깊이 측면에서 볼 때 3, 6, 9초간 조사하는 고출력 플라즈마광의 중합능력이 40초간 조사하는 저출력 할로겐광의 중합능력에 미치지 못함을 시사한다. The purpose of study was to compare the plasma are light with the halogen light in compostie resin curing. Three composite resin materials(Z-100. 3M, USA; Tetric Ceram. Vivadent, Liechtenstein; SureFil, Dentsply, USA) were filled in the teflon molds (4mm in diameter and 2,3,4,5mm in thickness) and cured with esther the conventional low-intensity light curing unit with a halogen lamp (Optilux 360, Demetron, U.S.A) for duration of 40 seconds or with the high-intensity light curing unit with a plasma are lamp (Flipo, Lokki, France) for duration of 3, 6, and 9 seconds. The intensity of halogen light was about 370mW/cm2 and that of plasma light was about 1,900mW/cm2. After one week, the surface hardnesses of both the top and the bottom of the resin samples were measured with a microhardness tester(MXT70, Matsuzawa, Japan). There ware significant differences in the hardness between the top and the bottom of the resin samples except the 2mm thickness samples cured by halogen light for 40s or by plasma light for 9s. There was no significant difference between the hardness values of the top surfaces of the thickness groups. The hardness values of the bottom surfaces decreased as the curing time decreased and as the thickness of resin samples increased, and the three kinds of resin composites showed similar patters. The results suggest that the halogen light for 40 seconds might be able to cure greater depth of resin composites than the plasma light far 3, 6, or 9 seconds.

수유방법 및 기간이 아동의 타액내 환원효소활성검사성적과 유치우식경험도에 끼친 영향

배상만,노동주,김대업,이광희 大韓小兒齒科學會 1996 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the lactation of human or bovine milk and the method of using nursing bottles on the salivary invertase test scores and deciduous caries experience of children. 328 preschool children (boys 178, girls 150) in Iksan city were selected for this study. The parents of the children were asked to answer the questionnaire about the lactation of human or bovine milk and the time of using nursing bottles. The data were obtained from the salvary invertase activity score,(Resazurin Disc Test) deciduous caries experience and the questionnaire. The result were as follows. The invertase activity and caries experience of the human milk higher than that of the bovine milk group(p<0.05). There were significant positive relationships between the lactation period and the invertase activity and between the lactation period and the caries experience(p<0.05). Caries experience had a tendency to increase as the time of using nursing bottles increase(p>0.05).

경연 대회를 통한 초ㆍ중고생의 창의력 신장 효과에 관한 연구

이희복,육근철,류해일,김현섭,김희수,박달원,유병환,김선효,김여상,서광수,변두원,서명석,배성효,박종석,심규철,이성희 공주대학교 과학교육연구소 2001 과학교육연구 Vol.32 No.1

미래 사회를 대비하기 위한 개인의 개성을 존중과 창의적인 능력을 지닌 인간을 양성을 목적으로 충청남도 지역의 초 ㆍ 중고등학생들을 대상으로 한 창의력 경연대회가 공주대학교 과학교육연구소에서 개최되었다. 충청남도 초 ㆍ중 ㆍ 고등학생들을 대상으로 실시한 창의력 경연대회는 창조적 아이디어를 내어 스스로 문제를 해결해 나갈 수 있는 교육 프로그램을 제공하는 좋은 기회였음이 확인되었으나, 일부의 팀에서만 참신하고 재미있는 아이디어들이 제안되었다. 여학생의 참가자 수가 상당히 증가하였으며, 대체적으로 입상권의 학생들의 상당 부분이 여학생이라는 것이 특이할만하다. 학년이 올라감에 따라서 창의적인 아이디어를 내는 양이나 질에 있어서 뒤떨어지는 것으로 분석되었으며, 토론 학습의 적응력이 미흡하고 발표력 및 청취력에 있어서도 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 중 ㆍ고등학교의 학교교육에서도 학생들에게 프로젝트형 탐구학습 프로그램의 적용은 물론 토론식 수습을 통한 학생들의 사고의 전환의 기회를 제공해야 할 것으로 사료된다. The creativity competition was held to foster the creativity of elementary and secondary school students in the Institute of Science Education, Kongju national University. It was found that the creativity competition effected on the improvement of inventing creative ideas and problem solving activities. But, only some competitors participated in semifinal and final contests, presented original and interesting ideas. More female students participated in competition than last year. More female participants were awarded a prize than males. Totally, participants were defective in discussion and communication, and presentation and listening ideas. Increasing grades correlated inversely with creativity and originality. There is need of inquiry project teaming programs and presenting opportunities of conversion of thinking by discussing instructions in school

습윤이 투습방습 코팅된 나일론직물의 역학적 특성에 미치는 영향

이광배,김경희 崇實大學校 生産技術硏究所 1995 論文集 Vol.25 No.1

The effect of moisture and the thickness on the wear-ability of nylon taffeta fabric, which is coated with the polyurethane and the polyamino acid resins separately, were studied. The coated specimens were wetted at the pick-up ratio 25% in both cases. The change of the mechanical properties, such as the tensile, the bending, the shear, the compressional properties, and the surface characteristics were compared on these two fabrics. The analysis of the experimental data indicates the following conclusions. (1) The wetting of the fabric increased the tensile, the bending, the shear, and the surface characteristics, however, reduced the compressional properties. (2) The increase of the thickness of these coating materials shows the opposite phenomena.

폐쇄성 수면무호흡증 진단을 위한 두부규격 방사선사진 계측 분석에 의한 한국 성인 정상교합자의 정상치에 관한 연구

박광호,김경호,최희수,허종기,배진성 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.23 No.1

Purpose : The lateral cephalometric Korean norms of the skeletal and pharyngeal dimension were analyzed for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS). Materials and Methods : The lateral cephalometric radiographies were taken in male(n=53) and female(n=50), who had a normal profile, class I occlusion, normal ANB (0∼4˚) and normal Wits Appraisal(-4∼0mm). The X-rays were traced by two oral and maxillofacial surgeons twice. The significant differences between male-female and examiners were tested. Results : The angle of mandibular line to Nasion-Sella line was 31.12˚/33.79˚(in male/in female, p=0.0018). The lower Gonion angle was 73.74˚/73.74˚(p=0.9978). The length of the soft palate was 36.93mm/34.35mm(p=0.0002). The pharyngeal airway space was 13.42mm/11.55mm at mandibular plane level(PAS(ML))(p=0.0025). The hyoid was placed inferiorly to mandibular plane 10.18mm/7.72mm(p=0.0051). The results from this study are to be used for the diagnosis of OSAS.

GT rotary file을 이용한 만곡 근관형성시 작업 효율 및 file 변형 발생에 관한 연구

신주희,백승호,배광식,임성삼,윤수한,김병현 대한치과보존학회 2001 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.26 No.5

Root canal preparation process is of utmost importance in successful treatment of root canal. Also, one of the most important purpose of the root canal preparation is to enlarge the root canal three dimensionally without changing the curvature of the root canal. However, as the curvature of the root canal increases, there are many difficulties involved in formation of optimum root canal. Therefore, in order to solve the above mentioned problems, new developments in methods of root canal preparation and equipments for such purposes were made. Recently, vigorous studies about newly introduced engine-driven nitckel-ti-tanium rotary file are conducted. As shown in research results to dates, it is well established that the use of nickel-titanium file is better suited for curved root canal than stainless steel file in maintaining the curvature of root canal and reducing the deformation of root canal. However, it is also acknowledged that there are a few discrepancies in research results according to protocol, due to failure to remove variables in experiments. In addition, although it is recommended by the manufacturer that the GT rotary file should maintain a low rotational speed of 150∼350rpm and 'light pressure' as light as not to break the lead of a pencil, academic studies about the vertical force which is not yet standardized are not sufficiently explored. Therefore, this research devised and utilized a special research equipment to standardize the appropriate range of vertical force for GT rotary file through experiments by breaking of the lead of a pencil as expressed by the manufacturer and to accurately measure factors involved through repeating and recreating the environment of root canal preparation. Forming nine experimental groups by varying the vertical forces (150g, 220g, 300g) and rpm (150rpm, 250rpm, 350rpm), the effects of changing vertical forces and rpm on working efficiency were measured in terms of time expended in root canal preparation by crown-down method using a transparent resin block with 35 degree curvature and GT rotary file (z-test). The following research using this special research equipment that involved nine experimental groups and varying the vertical force for root canal preparation from 300g which is within the normal vertical force range to 700g and 1000g which fall outside the normal rpm range. The results were as follows : 1.Analysis of the experiment results revealed that the tome spent in root canal preparation decreased as the vertical forces and rpm increased (p<0.05). Also, the effects of rpm were greater than those of the vertical forces within the normal vertical force range (β-weight test) . 2.Observation of the deformation of GT rotary file revealed that deformation increases in a direct correlation with the vertical force increase and in a reverse correlation with the rpm decrease, In the case of the vertical forces close to the normal range, the probability of GT rotary file deformation were quite different depending on the rpm changes. In the case of◎eater tier◎cal forces, the occurrences of deformation of the file were more frequent regardless of the rpm changes. 3.Deformation and breakage of file were also commonly observed in the expended time measurement experiments and GT rotary file deformation experiments in which low speed rpm (150rpm) was used and at the curved portion of the resin block. Key words : GT rotary file, Crown-down method, Working efficiency, Vertical force, Rpm, Deformation and breakage of file

사무직 공무원의 스트레스 수준 및 관련요인

조광희,이동배,조영채 대한산업의학회 2007 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.19 No.1

목적: 사무직 공무원들의 사회심리적 스트레스 수준을 파악하며, 이에 관여하는 제 특성을 알아보고자 시도하였다. 방법: 대전광역시에 소재하고 있는 정부 공공기관의 사무직 공무원 1,005명을 대상으로 구조화된 무기명 자기 기입식 설문지(self-administered questionnaire)를 이용한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 조사는 2005년 12월 5일 부터 2006년 1월 31일까지의 기간 동안에 실시하였으며, 연구에 사용한 설문지의 구성은 조사대상자의 인구사회학적 및 직업관련 특성, 건강관련행위, 업무요구도, 업무자율성, 직장의 사회적지지, A형 행동유형, 통제신념, 자기존중감, 사회 심리적 스트레스수준 등으로 구성하였다. 분석은 사회심리적 스트레스 수준을 종속변수로, 기타 제 변수를 독립변수로 하여 단변량분석 및 다중선형회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 전체 연구대상자의 사회심리적 스트레스 수준은 건강군이 10.3%, 위험수준은 아니지만 스트레스로부터 위협을 받을 수 있는 잠재적 스트레스군이 64.9%, 심각한 수준의 스트레스를 받고 있는 고위험스트레스군이 24.8%로 나타났다. 또한 스트레스는 인구사회학적 특성이나 직급, 근무경력 등의 직업관련 특성뿐만 아니라 건강관련행위의 실천 여부, 직무요구도, 직무자율성, 직장 내에서의 사회적 지지와 같은 직무내용 및 인성(A형 행동유형, 통제신념)이나 자기 존중감 등에 의해서도 많은 영향을 받고 있었다. 결론: 따라서 공무원들의 스트레스를 감소시키기기 위해서는 직무내용의 개선 및 인성관리를 위한 프로그램의 개발 및 시행이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Objectives: This study was performed to determine the levels of psychosocial distress among clerical public officers to reveal the various related factors. Methods: A self-administered questionnaires was administered between Dec. 5th, 2005 and Jan. 31st, 2006, to 1,005 individuals in the service of general administration located in Daejeon City. The survey items included the subjects' socio-demographic and job-related characteristics, health-related behavior, degree of job demand, job autonomy, social support in work, type A behavior pattern, locus of control, sense of self-esteem, and psychosocial distress. Results: The results showed that 24.8% of subjects were categorized as high risk stress, 64.9% as latent stress, and 10.3% as normal. The level of psychosocial distress was influenced by various sociodemographic characteristics, such as personality traits (type A behavior pattern, locus of control, self-esteem) and whether performing health-related behavior or not, as well as according to job-related characteristics such as rank in work, job career, job specifications, job demand, job autonomy, social support in work. Conclusions: The effective strategy for stress reduction among governmental employees requires additional programs focusing on innovated job specifications and managed personality traits.

전자근관장측정기 Root ZX의 정확도에 관한 실험적 연구

강대훈,정관희,윤수한,배광식 大韓齒科保存學會 1998 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro accuracy of Root ZX(Torita Co., Japan) which is the ratio type electronic apex locator. The 86 extracted human palatal roots of maxillary molar with fully formed apices were used. File lengths with the file tip just visible at the foramen were compared to those measured with Root ZX. For length measuring with Root ZX, saline test model with which the apical 1/3 of each root was submerged into normal saline were designed. The root canal lengths were determined with Root ZX and the radiographs were taken with a file in the canal. The distances from file tips of Root ZX lengths to apecies in radiographs also were measured with Profile projector PJ311(Mitutoyo Co., Japan). The results were as follows : 1. The root canal length determined with electronic apex locator was 0.78±0.53 mm shorter than the length with visual measurement. 2. The file tip of Root ZX lengths was located at 0.85±0.49 mm away from the apex in radiograph. 3. The accuracy of the Root ZX was 79.1% within 0.5mm of visual working length and 96.5% within 1.0mm.

대구직할시 교육공무원들의 구강보건실태 및 보철수요도 조사

장희송,송근배,조광헌 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1993 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.10 No.2

The author selected and surveyed 547 of volunteer school teachers in Taegu city to collect the basic data of their dental health and the needs for prosthetic demands. Among them 169 peoples were elementary school teachers, 237 peoples were middle school teachers and 141 peoples were educational service personnels. They had a detail oral examination and a 17-items of questionnaire. All collected data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and chi-square test in SPSS/PC^+ program. The results of these were summarized as follows; The DMFT rate was 85.1% and DMFT index was 4.82 in all subjects, but there was no significant difference among 3types of occupation in DMFT index(P>0.05). The simplified oral hygiene index was 0.76 in male and 0.33 in female subjects(P<0.05). Average toothbrushing frequency of all subjects in a daywas 2.24. There was statistical difference among 3types of occupation in a daily toothbrushing frequencies(X^2=13.21, p<0.05). Those who brushed for longer than 3 minutes were only 4.21%, and 7.5% of subjects used the rolling technic correctly. Subjects who had experienced toothache during last one year were 42.96% and 77.1% had treated their oral symptoms at dental clinics. The mean frequency of visiting the dental clinics of all subjects was 0.64 per year. The reasons for avoiding dental treatment were as follows; lack of time for treatment(33.10%), no need for treatment(27.55%), Troublesome to go to the dentist's(13.66%), fear(12.04%), and economic limitation(6.71%). The rate of experiencing dental prosthetics was 49.18%. Among them male(53.37%) was highter than female(41.36%). The mean score of having simple crown and crown & bridge was 1.31 per person and full denture was 0.07 per person. The need for prosthetic treatment, the crown & bridge was 0.33 per person and 0.03 per person of partial and full denture.