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Duplex-specific nuclease efficiently removes rRNA for prokaryotic RNA-seq
Yi, Hana,Cho, Yong-Joon,Won, Sungho,Lee, Jong-Eun,Jin Yu, Hyung,Kim, Sujin,Schroth, Gary P.,Luo, Shujun,Chun, Jongsik Oxford University Press 2011 Nucleic acids research Vol.39 No.20
<P>Next-generation sequencing has great potential for application in bacterial transcriptomics. However, unlike eukaryotes, bacteria have no clear mechanism to select mRNAs over rRNAs; therefore, rRNA removal is a critical step in sequencing-based transcriptomics. Duplex-specific nuclease (DSN) is an enzyme that, at high temperatures, degrades duplex DNA in preference to single-stranded DNA. DSN treatment has been successfully used to normalize the relative transcript abundance in mRNA-enriched cDNA libraries from eukaryotic organisms. In this study, we demonstrate the utility of this method to remove rRNA from prokaryotic total RNA. We evaluated the efficacy of DSN to remove rRNA by comparing it with the conventional subtractive hybridization (Hyb) method. Illumina deep sequencing was performed to obtain transcriptomes from <I>Escherichia coli</I> grown under four growth conditions. The results clearly showed that our DSN treatment was more efficient at removing rRNA than the Hyb method was, while preserving the original relative abundance of mRNA species in bacterial cells. Therefore, we propose that, for bacterial mRNA-seq experiments, DSN treatment should be preferred to Hyb-based methods.</P>
( Hyung Joon Kim ),( Young-Suk Lim ),( Ki Tae Yoon ),( Won Young Tak ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Jae-Seok Hwang ),( Henry LY Chan ),( Scott Fung ),( Wai Kay Seto ),( Wan-Long Chuang ),( Chi-Yi Chen ),( Aric 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1
Aims: Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), a novel prodrug of tenofovir (TFV),is more stable in plasma and enhances delivery of TFV into hepatocyteswhile lowering circulating levels of TFV by approximately 90% comparedto tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF).Methods: In this Phase 3 study, patients with HBeAg-positive chronichepatitis B (CHB) were randomized 2:1 to TAF 25 mg QD or TDF300 mg QD and treated for 96 weeks. After Week 96, patients receiveopen label TAF for 48 weeks. The primary efficacy analysis was thepercent of patients with HBV DNA <29 IU/mL at Week 48. Key secondarysafety endpoints were assessed sequentially: changes in hip andspine bone mineral density (BMD), changes in serum creatinine (sCr),and dipstick proteinuria. Markers of bone formation and resorption,and renal tubular function were also assessed.Results: 873 patients were randomized and treated at 164 sites in19 countries. Baseline characteristics included: mean age 38 years,83% males, 82% Asians; 47% had HBV DNA ≥ 8 log10 IU/mL, and26% were treated previously with nucleos(t)ides. At Week 48, TAFwas non-inferior in efficacy to TDF with virologic response rates of63.9% with TAF and 66.8% with TDF. A greater percentage of patientstreated with TAF achieved normalization of serum ALT values.Patients on TAF experienced significantly less declines in hip and spineBMD, and a smaller increase in sCr than TDF; eGFRCG, and renaltubular markers also changed less with TAF. No viral resistance wasobserved in 22/581 (3.8%) and 11/292 (3.8%) of TAF and TDF patients,respectively, who qualified for testing.Conclusions: Compared to TDF 300 mg, the efficacy of TAF 25 mgin patients with HBeAg-positive CHB was noninferior. Safety wasalso improved, with less change in bone and renal parameters.
Paper : Stitching Effect on Flexural and Interlaminar Properties of MWK Textile Composites
( Joon Hyung Byun ),( Yi Qi Wang ),( Moon Kwang Um ),( Sang Kwan Lee ),( Jung Il Song ),( Byung Sun Kim ) 한국복합재료학회 2015 Composites research Vol.28 No.3
The stitching process has been widely utilized for the improvement of through-thickness property of the conventional laminated composites. This paper reports the effects of stitching on the flexural and interlaminar shear properties of multi-axial warp knitted (MWK) composites in order to identify the mechanical property improvements. In order to minimize the geometric uncertainties associated with the stacking pattern of fabrics, the regular lay-up was considered in the examination of the stitching effect. The key parameters are as follows: the stitch spacings, the stitching types, the stitching location, and the location of compression fixture nose. These parameters have little effect on the flexural and interlaminar shear properties, except for the case of stitching location. However, the geometry variations caused by the stitching resulted in minor changes to the mechanical properties consistently. Stitching on the 0o fibers showed the lowest flexural strength and modulus (12% reduction for both properties). The stitch spacing of 5 mm resulted in 8% reduction for the case of interlaminar strength compared with that of 10 mm spacing.
경추부에 발생한 골막성 연골종의 증례 보고 : Case Report
이형중,김영수,이형석,이승로,함창곡,고용,오성훈,오석전,김남규,김광명 대한신경외과학회 1995 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.24 No.5
The authors experienced a case of cervical periosteal chondroma presenting with symptom of spinal cord compression in 26-year-old woman. The diagnosis was based on the characteristic features of computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging scan. Total surgical removal in two-staged operation was followed by full neurological recovery. column was observed and rarely reported in this literature.
원발성폐암 환자에서 말초혈액과 국소림프절 단핵구의 NK 및 LAK 활성도에 관한 연구
이이형(Yi Hyeong Lee),김세규(Se Kyu Kim),김형일(Hyung Il Kim),정경영(Kyoung Young Chung),장준(Joon Chang),김성규(Sung Kyu Kim),이원영(Won Young Lee),한명호(Myung Ho Hahn),윤정구(Jung Ku Youn) 대한내과학회 1998 대한내과학회지 Vol.54 No.3
N/A Background: Several lymphocytic populations, such as natural killer(NK) cells and lymphokine-activated killer(LAK) cells, are involved in immunosurveillance against tumors. Whereas the biological significance of the regional lymph node as a tumor barrier remains unclear, the clinical prognostic relevance of the neoplastic infiltration of these nodes is accepted. It appears that lymph node metastasis are more frequent in lung cancer than in other cancers because of impaired defensive mechanisms in the regional lymph nodes. However little is known about the immunologic function of regional lymph node lymphocytes in patients with lung cancer. Although there is general agreement that the NK and LAK activities of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) decreases in patients with various solid and leukemic tumors, this decrease remains unclear with regard to the NK and LAK activities of their regional lymph node mononuclear cells(LNMC). We performed this study to determine the NK and LAK activities of regional lymph node, and to compare with those of peripheral blood in patients with lung cancer. Methods: We measured the NK and LAK activities of PBMC and LNMC that were extirpated at lung cancer operations in 17 patients with lung cancer by 4 hour 51Cr-release assay using K562, Raji cell and allogenous lung cancer cell line(NCIH1092) as a target cell. BT ratio were 12.5:1, 25:1, and 50:l. Results: 1. Recombinant interleukin-2 induced strong cytotoxic activities against various target cells in PBMC and LNMC. 2. In patients with lung cancer, NK and LAK activities against K562 and allogenous lung cancer cell line(NCIH 1092) were lower than those of PBMC. 3. Against Raji cell, NK activities were not significantly different between PBMC and LNMC, but LAK activities were significantly lower than those of PRMC. 4. NK activities against K562, Raji, and NCIH1092 cell were not significantly different between in patients with early stage and advanced stage lung cancer. 5. LAK activities of PBMC and LNMC against K562, Raji, and NCIH1(62 cell were significantly lower in patients with advanced stage than those in patients with early stage lung cancer. Conclusion: NK and LAK activities of LNMC in patients with lung cancer were lower than those of PBMC, but the cytotoxicity was markedly increased after culture with rIL-2.
FDTD 방법을 이용한 거친 토양 표면에서의 레이더 산란계수 수치적 계산
차형준,오이석 弘益大學校 科學基術硏究所 1999 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.10 No.2
Recently, remote sensing of the Earth has become an important source of information in monitoring the Earth's environment. For a long time, researchers have been trying to develop mathematical models to predict the backscattered characteristics of randomly rough surfaces. There are conventional models dealing with rough surface scattering such as Small Perturbation Method(SPM), Geometrical Optics(GO), Physical Optics(PO). However the success of these models when applied to real rough surfaces is very limited because of the over simplifying approximate nature of these models (i.e. we must use appropriate mathematical model depending on randomly rough surface's condition). Although the Method of Moments(MOM), which is one of well-known numerical methods, doesn't have that troubles, it is difficult not only finding Green's function but also applying to complicate boundary like multi-layer structure. So we need another numerical method which is exact for any roughness conditions and can be applied to complicate boundary like multi-layer structure. In this thesis, numerical analysis of wave scattering from two-dimensionally rough surfaces was performed using the FDTD method that solves Maxwell's equation in time domain. At first, Yee cells and PML were used to get near zone field. Next, the values of near field were converted to those of frequency domain using DFT and were used to acquire the values of far-zone fields. The last step was calculating scattering coefficient using far-zone field and Monte Carlo method. Also, the test of validity was performed by comparing this FDTD method and the SPM model.
Lee,Hyung Chul,Hwang,Sang Gu,Choi,Young Keun,Kim,Yong Hoon,Kyung,Jong Soo,Kwak,Yi Seong,Wee,Jae Joon,Joo,Woo Hong,Cho,Yong Kweon,Moon,Ja Young 한국생명과학회 2000 한국생명과학회 학술발표회 Vol.29 No.-
We examined the differential contribution of antioxidant enzymes as well as lipid peroxidation in the brain regions of guinea pig after exposure to 2,3,7,8 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) (1 g TCDD/㎏ body weight) by biochemical analysis. For this study, male guinea pigs treated with TCDD (1 g/㎏body weight, single i.p administration) were sacrificed at 4 weeks after the treatment and brain regions including hypothalamus, thalamus, hippocampus, cortex, cerebellum, and striatum were dissected. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione reductase (GR), and lipid peroxidation in the homogenates of the brain regions were measured. It was found that the brain regions of the normal guinea pig showed differential distribution in copper/zinc- superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) activity; the highest level in cerebellum and hypothalamus and the lowest in hippocampus. Treatment of TCDD caused the overall increase of the enzyme activity in the all brain regions, especially showing the marked increase in hippocampus. On the other hand, Mn-SOD activity showed no characteristic differential distribution in the brain regions. Our results showed that glutathione reductase activity was broadly distributed in the brain regions of normal guinea pig. When compared with the normal, administration of TCDD led to the regional specific increase of glutathione reductase activity especially in cortex and striatum. Our results further showed that lipid peroxidation was not specific to the brain regions. These results provide strong evidence that, even though the vulnerability to oxidative stress by TCDD is non-specific to brain region, TCDD differentially contributes to the activities of Cu/Zn-SOD and glutathione reductase in brain region.