Korean Red Ginseng prevents posttraumatic stress disorder – triggered depression-like behaviors in rats via activation of the serotonergic system

Bombi Lee,서봉준,HYE-JUNGLEE,오세관 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.4

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a mental disorder induced by traumatic stress andoften accompanied by depression and/or anxiety, may involve an imbalance in the neurotransmittersassociated with the fear response. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) has long been used as a traditionalmedicine and is known to be involved in a variety of pharmacological activities. We used the open fieldtest and forced swimming test to examine the effects of KRG on the depression-like response of rats afterexposure to single prolonged stress (SPS), leading to activation of the serotonergic system. Methods: Male rats received KRG (30, 50, and 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) once daily for 14 daysafter exposure to SPS. Results: Daily KRG administration significantly improved depression-like behaviors in the forcedswimming test, increased the number of lines crossed and time spent in the central zone in the openfield test, and decreased freezing behavior in contextual and cued fear conditioning. KRG treatmentattenuated SPS-induced decreases in serotonin (5-HT) tissue concentrations in the hippocampus andmedial prefrontal cortex. The increased 5-HT concentration during KRG treatment may be partiallyattributable to the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid/5-HT ratio in the hippocampus of rats with PTSD. Theseeffects may be caused by the activation of hippocampal genes encoding tryptophan hydroxylase-1 and 2mRNA levels.

Effects of Traditional Acupuncture on Colonic Motility in the Rat with Colitis

Hee-YoungKim,In-SopShim,Hye-JungLee,SeongMokJeong,SunYoungKim,Tchi-ChouNam 한국임상수의학회 2003 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The aims of this study were to investigate the efficacy of acupuncture on myoelectrical activity of inflamed or normal colon in the rat, and whether the effect of acupuncture on colonic motility was related to endogenous opioids. Twenty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Experimental groups were normal group (n=8), colitis group (n=6) and naloxone group (n=8). Stainless steel bipolar electrodes were implanted on the serosal layer of the proximal colon of rats. Colitis was induced 7 days after electrode implantation using trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) and ethanol. Electromyograms (EMG) were recorded by using polygraph 11 days after implantation of electrodes. In normal group, normal colonic motility was recorded for 60min, and then traditional acupuncture at GV-1 was applied for 20min and EMG was recorded for further 60min in untreated rats. In colitis group, after recording of basal colonic motility for 60min, 20min of acupuncture treatment and further EMG recording was performed for 60min in TNBS/ethanol treated rats. In naloxone group, following subcutaneous administration of naloxone (3mg/kg), recording of EMG and acupuncture treatment were performed in TNBS/ethanol treated rats. In the normal group, acupuncture at GV-1 did not induce significant changes in colonic motility. TNBS/ethanol treatment had no significant effect on the frequency of colonic motility. And in colitis group, GV-1 acupuncture significantly decreased colonic motility (p<0.01). In naloxone group, after injection of naloxone, acupuncture at GV-1 did not change colonic motility in TNBS/ethanol treated rats. On the inflamed colon, naloxone blocked the effect of acupuncture. The present results suggested that endogenous opioids released by acupuncture at GV-1 decrease the motility of inflamed colon in rats, but not normal colon.

의복소비에 있어서의 양면적 태도와 강박구매

박정권 ( Jung Kwon Park ),이현정 ( Hyun Junglee ),이규혜 ( Kyu Hye Lee ) 복식문화학회 2013 服飾文化硏究 Vol.21 No.4

Retailers deploy new shopping value-additions to induce customers 10 shop more, thus driving compulsive buying tendencies, which lead to increased profits for them. Customers display their ambivalence in purchasing a product either through instantaneous consumption, such as when following the latest fashion trends, or methodical decision making. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of consumers` ambivalent attitudes toward various aspects (brand, store, price, trends, and product types) of clothing shopping on compulsive behavior tendencies. Compulsive buying tendencies were analyzed in terms of the shopping value group and demographic characteristics. For the empirical research, a questionnaire was used. Data from male and female clothing shoppers were analyzed. Consumers were segmented into ambivalent consumption group, emotional value consumption group, rationality consumption group, and indifference consumption group. Results indicate that ambivalent consumption groups showed significantly higher levels of compulsive behavior tendencies in terms of brand, store, price, trends, and product types than other groups. Females showed more compulsive buying tendencies than males. Single people showed more compulsive buying tendencies than married.

The Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Ethylacetate Extracts from Bang-Poong(Radix ledebouriellae) on the Freund`s Adjuvant-Induced Arthitis in Rats

김현우,Young-BaeKwon,Tae-WonHam,Dae-HyunRoh,Seo-YeonYoon,Ho-JaeHan,Sung-KeelKang,Hye-JungLee,Woung-ChonMar,Il-SukYang,AlvinJ.Beitz,이장헌 대한수의학회 2002 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.3 No.4

In this study, we aimed to determine theantinociceptive and/or anti-inflammatory effect ofBang-Poong (BP, Radix Ledebouriellae) on Freund'sadjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Traditionally, BPhas been used to treat several inflammatory diseasessuch as arthritis. Whole BP is extracted into twofractions that were ethylacetate and hexane-solublefractions.Adult Sprague-Dawley rats (n=30,130-150 g)were subcutaneously administered by the Freund'scomplete adjuvant (FCA) into the plantar surface ofright hindpaw. Twelve days after the injection ofFCA, the rats initially showed typical inflammatoryedema and arthritis-related symptoms on the con-tralateral side (i.e. left hindpaw).Both antinociceptive(evaluation of mechanical, thermal pain thresholdand analysis of spinal Fos expression) and anti- in-flammatory (evaluation of paw edema, seruminterleukin-6 level and x-ray analysis) effect of BPextracts were examined. The ethylacetate fraction ofBP (BPE) significantly suppressed the FCA-inducedpaw edema as well as the serum level of interleukin-6and it alleviated the radiological changes. Moreover,both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia wereattenuated by the treatment of BPE. In addition,spinal Fos expression that was increased by FCA-injection was suppressed in BPE group. Therefore,this study showed that BPE produced significant bothantinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects on FCA-*Corresponding author: Jang-Hern Lee

Krill-Derived Phosphatidylserine Improves TMT-Induced Memory Impairment in the Rat

( Hyun Soo Shim ),( Hyun Jung Park ),( Yong Ho Ahn ),( Song Her ),( Jeong Jun Han ),( Dae Hyun Hahm ),( Hye Junglee ),( In Sop Shim ) 한국응용약물학회 2012 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.20 No.2

The present study examined the effects of krill-derived phosphatidylserine (Krill-PS) on the learning and memory function and the neural activity in rats with trimethyltin (TMT)-induced memory defl cits. The rats were administered vehicle (medium-chain triglyceride: MCT) or Krill-PS (50, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for 21 days. The cognitive improving effl cacy of Krill-PS in TMT-induced amnesic rats was investigated by assessing the Morris water maze test and by performing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) immunohistochemistry. The rats with TMT injection showed impaired learning and memory of the tasks and treatment with Krill-PS produced a signifl cant improvement of the escape latency to fl nd the platform in the Morris water maze at the 2nd and 4th day compared to that of the MCT group (p<0.05). In the retention test, the Krill-PS+MCT groups showed increased time spent around the platform compared to that of the MCT group. Consistent with the behavioral data, Krill-PS 50+MCT group signifl cantly alleviated the loss of acetylcholinergic neurons in the hippocampus and medial septum compared to that of the MCT group. Treatment with Krill-PS signifl cantly increased the CREB positive neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area as compared to that of the MCT group. These results suggest that Krill-PS may be useful for improving the cognitive function via regulation of cholinergic marker enzyme activity and neural activity.