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Recovery of water Quality in Shallow Urban Rivers
Motoyuki Suzuki,Hiroyuki Kawashima 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1982 環境硏究 Vol.2 No.2
Small shallow rivers found in suburban or recently urbanized area are highly polluted mainly because of growing of attached microbes at the river bottom. Mathematical model is presented to descrbe the water qualities, such as SS, DOC, TDN, TDP and DO in such rivers, where roles of the attached algae, the attached heterotrophs and the bottom sediment are carefully taken into account. After a rainfall, the bottom sediment and the attached microbes are washed out and they start accumulating or growing in the following days, which have a significant influence over the change of DO in the flowing water. The model was compared with the observatins at the Nogawa River flowing in the southwest of Tokyo and was found reasonable in simulating the performance of the River. Four alternative plans to recover water qualities are assessed through simulation by means of this model and two of them are found effective to restore the DO level above 5 mg/l.
The Role of Heat Shock Response in Insulin Resistance and Diabetes
Tatsuya Kondo,Hiroyuki Motoshima1,Motoyuki Igata,Junji Kawashima,Takeshi Matsumura,Hirofumi Kai,Eiichi Araki 대한당뇨병학회 2014 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.38 No.2
The expansion of life-style related diseases, such as metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), appears to be unstoppable. It is also difficult to cease their complications in spite of many antidiabetic medications or intervention of public administration. We and our collaborators found that physical medicine using simultaneous stimulation of heat with mild electric current activates heat shock response, thereby reducing visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation and improving glucose homeostasis in mice models of T2DM, as well as in humans with MS or T2DM. This combination therapy exerts novel action on insulin signaling, β-cell protection and body compositions, and may provide a new therapeutic alternative in diabetic treatment strategy.
Fujie,Koichi,Okada,Mitumasa,Kawashima,Hiroyuki,Okazaki,Minoru 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1995 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.1
A hollow fiber microfiltration (HMF) membrane featured an unique air-backwashing and a high filtrate flux under a low pressure and a low cross flow rate was successfully incorporated with the aerobic submerged biofilters for the advanced treatment of domestic wastewater. HMF system A in which the wastewater filtrated directly by the HMF membrane was treated by the aerobic submerged biofilter and HMF system B in which the moving bed aerobic biofilter (MBF) was followed by the HMF were proposed and were investigated in terms of the filtrate fluxe, the organic removal, the power consumption and the running cost based on the experimental results. The running cost was comparable with the conventional activated sludge process, whereas the effluent quality was superior than that.
Current status of the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis by ultrasonographic elastography
( Kazunori Nakaoka ),( Senju Hashimoto ),( Ryoji Miyahara ),( Hiroki Kawashima ),( Eizaburo Ohno ),( Takuya Ishikawa ),( Takamichi Kuwahara ),( Hiroyuki Tanaka ),( Yoshiki Hirooka ) 대한내과학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.37 No.1
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is pathologically characterized by the loss of exocrine pancreatic parenchyma, irregular fibrosis, cellular infiltration, and ductal abnormalities. Diagnosing CP objectively is difficult because standard diagnostic criteria are insufficient. The change of parenchymal hardness is the key factor for the diagnosis and understanding of the severity of CP. The ultrasonography (US) or endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) elastography have been used to diagnose pancreatic diseases. Both strain elastography (SE) and shear wave elastography are specific diagnostic techniques for measuring tissue hardness. Most previous studies were conducted with SE. There are three methods of interpreting SE; the method of recognizing the patterns in SE distribution images in the region of interest, the method of using strain ratio to compare the hardness of adipose tissue or connective tissue with that of the lesion, and the method of evaluating the hardness distribution of a target by histogram analysis. These former two methods have been used primarily for neoplastic diseases, and histograms analysis has been used to assess hardness distribution in the evaluation of CP. Since the hardness of the pancreas increases with aging, it is necessary to consider the age in the diagnosis of pancreatic disorders using US or EUS elastography.
( Yoshiki Hirooka ),( Akihiro Itoh ),( Hiroki Kawashima ),( Eizaburo Ohno ),( Yuya Itoh ),( Yosuke Nakamura ),( Takeshi Hiramatsu ),( Hiroyuki Sugimoto ),( Hajime Sumi ),( Daijiro Hayashi ),( Naoki Oh 대한소화기학회 2013 Gut and Liver Vol.7 No.4
Background/Aims: To confirm the feasibility of using newly developed endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with Zone sonographyTM technology (ZST; Fujifilm Corp.). Methods: Seventy-five patients with pancreatic disorders were enrolled: 45 with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm; 15 with ductal carcinoma; five with neuroendocrine tumors; three with serous cystic neoplasms; and seven with simple cysts. The endoscopes used were EG-530UR2 and EG-530UT2 (Fujifilm Corp.). Two items were evaluated: visualization depth among four frequencies and image quality after automatic adjustment of sound speed (AASS), assessed using a 5-scale Likert scale by two endosonographers blinded to disease status. Because sound speed could be manually controlled, besides AASS, image quality at sound speeds of 1,440 and 1,600 m/sec were also assessed. Results: In all cases, sufficient images were obtained in the range of 3 cm from the EUS probe. Judgments of image quality before AASS were 3.49 0.50, 3.65±0.48, respectively. After AASS, A and B scored 4.36±0.48 and 4.40±0.49 (p<0.0001). There were significant differences in the data before and after AASS and plus 60 m/sec, but no significant difference between the datasets were seen after AASS and at sound speeds manually set for minus 100 m/sec. Conclusions: EUS with ZST was shown to be feasible in this preliminary experiment. Further evaluation of this novel technology is necessary and awaited. (Gut Liver 2013; 7:486-491)
( Osamu Tanifuji ),( Tomoharu Mochizuki ),( Hiroshi Yamagiwa ),( Takashi Sato ),( Satoshi Watanabe ),( Hiroki Hijikata ),( Hiroyuki Kawashima ) 대한슬관절학회 2021 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.33 No.-
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the post-operative three-dimensional (3D) femoral and tibial component positions in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by the same co-ordinates’ system as for pre-operative planning and to compare it with a two-dimensional (2D) evaluation. Materials and methods: Sixty-five primary TKAs due to osteoarthritis were included. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the femur and tibia was obtained and pre-operative 3D planning was performed. Then, 3D and 2D postoperative evaluations of the component positions were performed. KneeCAS (LEXI, Inc., Tokyo, Japan), a lowerextremity alignment assessment system, was used for the 3D post-operative evaluation. Standard short-knee radiographs were used for the 2D post-operative evaluation. Differences between the pre-operative planning and post-operative coronal and sagittal alignment of components were investigated and compared with the results of the 3D and 2D evaluations. Results: According to the 3D evaluation, the difference between the pre-operative planning and actual postoperative sagittal alignment of the femoral component and the coronal and sagittal alignments of the tibial component were 2.6° ± 1.8°, 2.2° ± 1.8° and 3.2° ± 2.4°, respectively. Using the 2D evaluation, they were 1.9° ± 1.5°, 1.3° ± 1.2° and 1.8° ± 1.4°, making the difference in 3D evaluation significantly higher (p = 0.013, = 0.003 and < 0.001). For the sagittal alignment of the femoral component and the coronal and sagittal alignment of the tibial component, the outlier ( > ± 3°) ratio for the 3D evaluation was also significantly higher than that of the 2D evaluation (p < 0.001, = 0.009 and < 0.001). Conclusions: The difference between the pre-operative planning and post-operative component alignment in the 3D evaluation is significantly higher than that of the 2D, even if the same cases have been evaluated. Twodimensional evaluation may mask or underestimate the post-operative implant malposition. Three-dimensional evaluation using the same co-ordinates’ system as for pre-operative planning is necessary to accurately evaluate the post-operative component position.
Hirotaka Hasegawa,Masahiro Shin,Jun Kawagishi,Hidefumi Jokura,Toshinori Hasegawa,Takenori Kato,Mariko Kawashima,Yuki Shinya,Hiroyuki Kenai,Takuya Kawabe,Manabu Sato,Toru Serizawa,Osamu Nagano,Kyoko Ao 대한뇌졸중학회 2022 Journal of stroke Vol.24 No.2
Background and Purpose To assess the long-term outcomes of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone or embolization and SRS (Emb- SRS) and to develop a grading system for predicting DAVF obliteration. Methods This multi-institutional retrospective study included 200 patients with DAVF treated with SRS or Emb-SRS. We investigated the long-term obliteration rate and obliteration-associated factors. We developed a new grading system to estimate the obliteration rate. Additionally, we compared the outcomes of SRS and Emb-SRS by using propensity score matching. Results The 3- and 4-year obliteration rates were 66.3% and 78.8%, respectively. The post-SRS hemorrhage rate was 2%. In the matched cohort, the SRS and Emb-SRS groups did not differ in the rates of obliteration (P=0.54) or post-SRS hemorrhage (P=0.50). In multivariable analysis, DAVF location and cortical venous reflux (CVR) were independently associated with obliteration. The new grading system assigned 2, 1, and 0 points to DAVFs in the anterior skull base or middle fossa, DAVFs with CVR or DAVFs in the superior sagittal sinus or tentorium, and DAVFs without these factors, respectively. Using the total points, patients were stratified into the highest (0 points), intermediate (1 point), or lowest (≥2 points) obliteration rate groups that exhibited 4-year obliteration rates of 94.4%, 71.3%, and 60.4%, respectively (P<0.01). Conclusions SRS-based therapy achieved DAVF obliteration in more than three-quarters of the patients at 4 years of age. Our grading system can stratify the obliteration rate and may guide physicians in treatment selection.