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Kazuhiro Doki 한국예이츠학회 2015 한국예이츠 저널 Vol.48 No.-
예이츠와 조이스의 관계는 다층적이어서 그들의 작품과 전기를 비교하는 텍스트의 상호비교 해석이 요구된다. 조이스의 초상화 속의 스티분의 비라넬 시는 예이츠의 사랑의 시 「방랑하는 앵거스의 노래」에 대한 조이스의 숨겨진 반응 혹은 반어적 암시로 읽을 수 있다. 이 비교는 후자의 뮤즈 시로서의 감추어진 면모를 보이나, 보다 뜻있는 것은, 뮤즈-유혹자에 대한 각 내레이터의 태도에 있어 두드러진 차이를 보이는데, 즉, 그녀를 찾기 위한 열정적 방랑자와 그녀에게 애원하는 지친 연인이라는 차이점이다. 결과적으로, 본 필자가 제안하는 것은, 비라넬아의 후렴 “열열한 방법에 지치셨나요”를 예이츠가 정치적에 “열정적인” 모드 곤에게 애원하는 말로 볼 수 있다는 점이다. The relationship between Yeats and Joyce is multi-layered. It invites our intertextual explications by comparing their works as well as biographical ones. Stephen’s villanelle in Joyce’s A Portrait can be read as Joyce’s covert response or an ironical allusion to Yeats’s love poem “The Song of Wandering Aengus.” The comparison clarifies the latter’s latent aspect as a muse-poem but, more significantly, a striking difference between each narrator’s attitude to the muse-temptress: the passionate wanderer in pursuit of her vs. the weary lover with supplication to her. Consequently, I suggest that the refrain in the villanelle, “Are you not weary of ardent ways,” could be also read as if Yeats had uttered his repressed question to Maud Gonne who was politically “ardent.”
Kazuhiro Doki 한국예이츠학회 2012 한국예이츠 저널 Vol.37 No.-
『율리시즈』속에 예이츠가 직접 등장하지 않지만, 그의 존재가 작품과 문맥 속에서 느껴진다. 예이츠의 『여자백작 캐스린』과 『훌리한의 딸 캐스린』은 스티븐의 돌아가신 어머니와 관련해서 그의 정신에 큰 영향을 끼친다. 그리고 모드 곤의 죽은 아들에 대한 집착은 몰리에게서도 나타난다. 역사적으로, 불름이 연관된 것으로 알려진 친 보어 운동은 모드 곤이 결성한 것이었다. 그리고 불름의 우유부단함은 예이츠의 이 운동에 대한 객관적이고 냉정한 태도와도 비교된다. 비록 예이츠의 아버지 같은 태도가 부담스러웠지만, 『율리시즈』의 3명의 주인공을 만드는데 예이츠의 영향이 크다. Yeats does not physically appear in Ulysses, but his existence is felt in its both textual and contextual levels. Yeats’s The Countess Cathleen and Cathleen ni Houlihan play significant roles in Stephen’s psyche in connection with his dead mother, while Maud Gonne’s obsession with her dead son seems to be reflected in that of Molly’s. Historically, the Pro-Boer movements in which Bloom was allegedly involved had been organized by Gonne, and his ambiguity in terms of involvement can be compared to Yeats’s objective and dispassionate support to the movements. Though frustrated by the senior poet’s paternalistic attitude, Joyce was greatly indebted to Yeats in the process of creating three protagonists of Ulysses.
韓國에서 分離한 Salmonella 및 Shigella의 抗生物質耐性
全燾基,李在九,許東燮,朴秉琦 中央醫學社 1941 中央醫學 Vol.10 No.6
One hundred and fifty-six strains of salmonellae isolated in 1964 and 1965 and 109 strains of shigellae isolated in 1963, 1964 and 1965 in Taegu area were studied on the resistance to chloramphenicol (CM), tetracycline (TC), terramycin (TM) and streptomycin (SM). Antibiotic resistance was tested by the plate dilution method. Briefly, antibiotic was diluted serially_ by doubling dilution method in distilled water and one volume of respective dilution was added to a series of nine volumes of melted nutrient agar. Nutrient agar containing antibiotic was then throughly mixed and poured into Petri dish (20m1) . The final concentration, of antibiotic in nutrient agar ranged from 400-0:78 mcg/ml. One loopful of inoculum containing varyingg numbers of bacilli (500,000; 5,000; and 50 per loop) was streaked on the surface of nutrient agar plate and incubated for 20 hours at 37°C. The results were read by the inhibition of growth of inoculum and the minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotics to test strains was determined. A strain is considered as resistant if it is capable of growing in the presence of 25 mcg/ml of respective antibiotic. The results obtained were as follows 1. Most of the salmonella strains was inhibited their growth in the presence of 1.56-6.25 mcg/ml of CM, TC or TM in nutrient agar, and 25 rncg/ml of SM. 2. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics to shigellae was distributed widely ranging from less than 0.78 to more than 400 mcg/rnl. However, a majority of strains was inhibited their growth in the presence of 100-400 mcg/ml of CM, TC or TM. Sixty-five strains out of 109 were not inhibited their growth even in the presence of 400 mcg/ml of SM. 3. MIC of antibiotics to test strains varied slightly by the inoculum size used for testing antibiotic resistance. MIC became slightly lowered in most cases when small size of inoculum was used, as compared with the MIC tested with large size of inoculum. - 4. The rate of resistant strains to CM, TC, TM and/or SM among salmonellae was 1.9 to 4. 5 per cents and that of resistant strains among shigellae ranged from 67.9 to 77.1 per cents to four antibitoics. 5. There is a tendency of yearly increase in the rates of resistant strains among salmonellae and shigellae. 6. The multiple antibiotic-resistant strains were only four among 156 strains of salmonellae tested, but those were 82 among 109 strains of shigellae. Seventy-three out of 82 multiple resistant strains of shigellae were resistant to all of four antibiotics.