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FGR시스템 보일러의 배시 배출물에 미치는 재순환 배기위 영향
배명환(Myung-Whan Bae),김정민(Jung-min Kim),김이석(Yi-Suk Kim),조용수(Yong-soo Cho),최승철(Seung-Chul Ch0i) 대한기계학회 2003 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2003 No.11
The affect of recirculated exhaust gas on exhaust emissions under four kinds of nozzle tip with the different fuel consumption rate are experimentally investigated by using an once-through boiler with FGR system. The purpose of this study is to develop the is to develop FGR control system for reducing NO. in a boiler. Intake and exhaust oxygen concentration, and equivalence ratio are applied to discuss the effect of FGR rate on exhaust emissions at various fuel consumption rates. It is found that NO. emissions are decreased, while soot emissions are increased owing to the drop of intake and exhaust oxygen concentrations, and the rise of equivalence ratio as FGR rates are elevated.<br/>
균혈증 및 패혈증의 임상 양상 및 예후 인자에 대한 고찰
이수봉(Soo Bong Lee),이우철(Woo Chul Lee),정현철(Hyun Chul Jung),송상헌(Sang Heun Song),이동원(Dong Won Lee),김용범(Yong Bum Kim),정주섭(Joo Seop Chung),곽임수(Ihm Soo Kwak),조군제(Goon Jae Cho),나하연(Ha Youn Rha),장철훈(Chul Hun Ch 대한내과학회 1999 대한내과학회지 Vol.56 No.3
N/A Objectives : In spite of the improvement in therapeutic strategy, the mortality rate from sepsis is still high. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of sepsis to get help in treatment and estimation of prognosis of sepsis. Methods : We analyzed the clinical and bacteriologic data of 313 admitted patients with bacteremia at Pusan National University Hospital from Jan., 1996 to Dec., 1997 retrospectively and all patients were categorized into 4 groups (bacteremia, sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock) by the definition from American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference, 1992. Results : 1) Male to female ratio was 1.22 : 1 and mean age was 52 years. 2) The overall mortality rate was 32.3% and the mortality rates of bacteremia, sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock were 14.9%, 22.8%, 52.0%, and 95.2%, respectively. 3) Underlying diseases predisposing to bacteremia were diabetes mellitus(14.4%), solid cancer (13.1%), hematologic malignancy(10.2%) and liver cirrhosis(9.9%), but the most common was no underlying disease. 4) Among the total 80 species of isolated microorganisms, gram-positive organisms were responsible in 169 cases, gram-negative organisms in 218 cases. E. coli was isolated most frequently, followed by S. aureus, S. epidermidis, K. pneumoniae, Enterococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Str. viridans group, CNS, P. aeruginosa and S. typhi. 5) Although the source of bacteremia could not be identified in 28.8% of the patients, the others had the primary site of infections ; skin(17.9%), gastrointestinal tract(16.9%), respiratory tract(12.5%), urinary tract(9.9%) and biliary tract(7.3%). 6) The mortality rate in patients with gram-positive bacteremia was 39.4%, with gram-negative bacteremia was 20.9% and with polymicrobial bacteremia was 33.3%. MRSA sepsis showed the highest mortality rate(58.8%), followed by Enterococcus spp.(50.0%), K. pneumoniae (35.0%), P. aeruginosa(27.3%) and E. coli(18.8%). 7) There was significant relation between etiologic organisms of bacteremia and the primary site of infections. 8) Using logistic regression analysis, mortality was predicted by disseminated intravascular coagulation, severity of sepsis and severity of underlying diseases. Conclusion : Sepsis occurred in 16 patients among 1,000 adult admitted patients and overall mortality rate was 32.3%, still high. The mortality rate had positive correlation with the severity of sepsis. Among 16 evaluated risk factors of mortality, mortality was predicted by disseminated intravascular coagulation, severity of sepsis and severity of underlying disease.
Patterns of care for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (KROG 11-06) in South Korea
Soo Yoon Sung,Min Kyu Kang,Chul Seung Kay,Ki Chang Keum,Sung Hwan Kim,Yeon-Sil Kim,Won Taek Kim,Ji-Yoon Kim,Jin-Hee Kim,Sung Ho Moon,Yong Chan Ahn,Young Taek Oh,Hong-Gyun Wu,Chang-Geol Lee,Woong-Ki Ch 대한방사선종양학회 2015 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.33 No.3
Purpose: To investigate the patterns of care for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in South Korea. Materials and Methods: A multi-institutional retrospective study was performed (Korean Radiation Oncology Group [KROG] 11-06) on a total of 1,445 patients from 15 institutions. Results: Of the 1,445 patients, more than half were stages III (39.9%) and IV (35.8%). In addition to patterns of care, we also investigated trends over time with the periods 1988–1993, 1994–2002, and 2003–2011. The frequencies of magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography-computed tomography were markedly increased in the third period compared to previous 2 periods. Concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) was performed on 894 patients (61.9%), neoadjuvant chemotherapy on 468 patients (32.4%), and adjuvant chemotherapy on 366 patients (25.3%). Of stage II–IV patients, CCRT performed on 78.8% in 2003–2011 compared to 15.0% in 1988–1993. For patients treated with CCRT, cisplatin was the most commonly used agent in 81.3% of patients. Over the periods of time, commonly used radiotherapy (RT) techniques were changed from 2-dimensional RT (1988–1993, 92.5%) to 3-dimensional RT (2003–2011, 35.5%) or intensity-modulated RT (IMRT; 2003–2011, 56.5%). Median RT doses given to primary tumors, high-risk lymphatics, and low-risk lymphatics were 70.0 Gy, 58.1 Gy, and 48.0 Gy, respectively. Adoption of IMRT increased the dose per fraction and escalated total radiation dose. Conclusion: Assessment of the patterns of care for NPC patients in South Korea demonstrated that management for NPC including diagnostic imaging, treatment regimen, RT techniques and dose schedule, advanced in accordance with the international guidelines.
Sang-Hyun Kang,Shin Hwang,Chul-Soo Ahn,Ki-Hun Kim,Deok-Bog Moon,Tae-Yong Ha,Gi-Won Song,Dong-Hwan Jung,Gil-Chun Park,Jung-Man Namgoong,Young-In Yoon,Hui-Dong Cho,Jae-Hyun Kwon,Yong-Kyu Chung,Jin Uk Ch 대한이식학회 2020 Korean Journal of Transplantation Vol.34 No.1
Background: To understand the changing demands and recent trends in the indications for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), the present study aimed to analyze the indications for LDLT performed in a high-volume transplantation center over 10 years. Methods: The liver transplantation database at our institution was searched to identify patients who underwent LDLT during a 10-year period from January 2008 to December 2017. The study subjects (n=3,145) were divided into two groups: adult patients (n=3,019, 92.7%) and pediatric patients (n=126, 3.9%). Results: In the adult recipients, the primary diagnoses were hepatitis B virus (HBV)- associated liver cirrhosis (n=1,898, 62.9%), alcoholic liver disease (n=482, 16.0%), hepatitis C virus-associated cirrhosis (n=203, 6.7%), acute liver failure (n=127, n=4.2%), and other diseases (n=157, 5.2%). The mean Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score was 15.6±8.8 (range, 6–40). The proportion of patients with HBV-associated liver disease gradually decreased, but the proportion of those with alcoholic liver disease increased. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was diagnosed in 1,467 patients (48.6%). The mean proportion of patients with HCC was 63.1% among those with HBVassociated liver disease. In pediatric recipients, the primary diagnoses were biliary atresia (n=51, 40.5%), liver failure of various causes (n=37, 29.4%), metabolic disease (n=22, 17.5%), hepatoblastoma (n=12, 9.5%), and infectious diseases (n=4, 3.2%). Conclusions: Our results showed that there were some significant changes in the indications of LDLT. We believe that our results may reflect the real changes in the indications of LDLT and they will be useful for predicting further changes in the future.
비소세포폐암 환자의 혈장 DNA를 이용한 Microsatellite 분석
김규식 ( Kyu Sik Kim ),김은정 ( Eun Jung Kim ),김수옥 ( Soo Ock Kim ),오인재 ( In Jae Oh ),박창민 ( Chang Min Park ),정주연 ( Ju Yeon Jeong ),김유일 ( Yu Il Kim ),임성철 ( Sung Chul Lim ),박종태 ( Jong Tae Park ),김영철 ( Young Ch 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2005 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.58 No.4
Hua, Zuo,Kam, Kyeong-Hee,Kwon, Hee-Jin,Meng, Lijuan,Ahn, Chul-Jin,Won, Tae-Jin,Kim, Tae-Hyun,Reddy, Ch. Raji,Chandrasekhar, S.,Shin, Dong-Soo Korean Chemical Society 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.7
Highly efficient synthesis of substituted benzo[1,4]oxazin-3-ones and pyrido[1,4]oxazin-2-ones under microwave irradiation via Smiles rearrangement is reported. Substituted benzo[1,4]oxazin-3-ones and pyrido[1,4]oxazin-2-ones were obtained by treatment of substituted 2-chlorophenols or 2-chloropyridols with N-substituted 2-chloroacetamide in the presence of potassium carbonate in MeCN and subsequent exposure to cesium carbonate in DMF. All the reactions which take 2-10 hours under conventional condition were completed successfully within a few minutes under microwave irradiation giving moderate to excellent yields.
Practicable Synthesis of 1-(1-Phenylethyl)-1H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]oxazine
Gim, Gyeong-Hyeon,Lijuan, Meng,Hua, Zuo,Ghate, Manjunath,Ahn, Chul-Jin,Won, Tae-Jin,Kim, Tae-Hyun,Reddy, Ch. Raji,Chandrasekhar, S.,Shin, Dong-Soo Korean Chemical Society 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.12