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과실이 크고 품질이 우수한 조생종 배 ‘금촌조생’ 육성
조광식(Kwang-Sik Cho1),손동수(Dong-Soo Son),강삼석(Sam-Seok Kang),김명수(Myung-Su Kim),홍경희(Kyung-Hui Hong),윤석규(Seok-Kyu Yun),조강희(Gang-Hui Cho),조현모(Hyeon-Mo Cho) 한국원예학회 2004 원예과학기술지 Vol.22 No.1
‘금촌조생’ 품종은 농촌진흥청 원예연구소 나주배연구소에서 1971년 ‘금촌추’의 품질을 개선하기 위해 당도가 높고 육질이 유연한 ‘단배’를 교배하여 1982년 1차 선발되었고, 1997년부터 5년 간 지역적응시험을 거쳐 2001년 최종 선발 및 품종보호출원 되었다. 수세는 비교적 강하고, 수자는 반개장성이다. 꽃가루가 풍부하며, 주요 재배품종과 교배친화성을 보인다. 또한 흑반병에 대하여 강한 포장저항성을 나타내었다. 숙기는 재배중인 ‘원황’ 품종보다 약 5일 정도 늦은 9월 3일로 추석에 출하하기 알맞은 품종이다. 과형은 ‘금촌추’와 같은 도원추형이고, 과피색은 황갈색이다. 과중은 593g이고, 당도는 13.2Bx이다. 육질은 유연하며 과즙이 풍부하고, 석세포가 없어 식미가 매우 우수하다. 그러나 과육선숙형 품종으로 원예적 수확기에도 과피에 녹색이 남지만, 완숙과가 되면 황갈색으로 착색된다. 상온저장 기간은 20일 정도로 다른 조생종에 비해 저장력은 좋은 편이다. ‘Geumchonjosaeng’ pear cultivar (Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta Nakai) originated from the cross between ‘Imamuraaki’ and ‘Danbae’ to improve the fruit quality of ‘Imamuraaki’ cultivar in 1971 at Naju Pear Research Institute of National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI), Rural Development Administration (RDA). It was preliminarily selected in 1982 and named in 2001. The tree habit shows vigorous growth and upright spreading. It carries abundant pollen grains and shows cross compatibility with leading cultivars. Also it shows high resistance to black leaf spot (Alternaria kikuchiana) in the field condition. Optimum harvest time is around Sep. 3, which is 5 days later than that of ‘Wonwhang’, and it could satisfy consumer’s demand for high quality pear fruit in “Chuseok”. The obovate fruit shape resembles maternal parent, ‘Imamuraaki’ and skin color is green yellowish brown at normal harvesting time and gradually turned to yellowish brown at full ripennig state. Fruit weighs about 593 g, and the soluble solid content is 13.5 ˚Bx. The flesh is very soft and juicy and, rendering good eating quality. Shelf life is about 20 days under the ambient temperature, and it is a relatively long period as compare with other early season cultivars.
UV/Cl₂(g)에 의한 Si-wafer 표면금속 오염물의 건식세정에 관한 연구
손동수,정광진,최성호,천희곤,조동율 울산대학교 1998 공학연구논문집 Vol.29 No.2
본 연구에서는 실리콘 웨이퍼 표면에 존재하는 미량의 Zn, Fe, Ti 금속 오염물들이 UV-excited chlorine radical을 이용한 건식세정 방법으로 제거되는 반응과정을 연구 하였다. 실리콘 웨이퍼 상에 진공증착법으로 원형패턴이 있는 Zn, Fe, Ti 박막을 증착시켜 상온 및 200℃에서 UV/CI₂세정하였을 때, 염소 래디컬(CI*)이 Fe, Zn, Ti와 반응하여 제거되는 것을 반응 전후 광학현미경과 SEM을 통해 표면 형상 변화를 관찰하였고, in-line으로 연결된 XPS를 통해서 반응 후 웨이퍼 표면에 남아있는 화합물의 화학적 결합상태를 관찰하였으며, UV/CI₂세정 후 실리콘 기판이 손상받는 정도를 알기 위해 AFM으로 표면 거칠기를 측정하였다. 광학현미경과 SEM의 분석에 의하면 Zn와 Fe는 쉽게 제거되는 반면 염화물을 형성하기 보다는 휘발성이 적은 산화물을 형성하는 경향이 강한 Ti은 약간만 제거되는 것을 확인하였다. XPS 분석을 통해서 이들 금속 오염물들이 chlorine radical과 반응하여 웨이퍼 표면에 금속 염화물을 형성하고 있는 것을 확인하였고, UV/CI₂세정처리를 하였을 때 실리콘 웨이퍼의 표면 거칠기가 약간 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 지금까지의 결과를 통해 볼 때, 습식세정과 UV/CI₂건식세정을 병행하면 플라즈마 및 레이저를 사용하는 다른 건식세정 방법에 비하여 보다 저온에서 실리콘 기판의 큰 손상 없이 비교적 용이하게 금속 오염물을 제거할 수 있음을 알수 있었다. The reaction mechanisms of dry cleaning of Zn, Fe and Ti trace contaminants on the Si wafer using UV/CI₂ have been studied by SEM, AFM and XPS analyses. The patterned Zn, Fe and Ti films were deposited on the Si wafer surface by thermal evaporation and changes in the surface morphology after dry cleaning using CI₂and UV/CI₂at 200℃ were studied by optical microscopy and SEM. In addition changes in surface roughness of Si wafer by the cleaning was observed by AFM. The chemical bonding states of the Zn, Fe and Ti deposited silicon surface were observed with in-line XPS analysis. Zn and Fe were easily cleaned in the form of volatile zinc-chloride and iron-chloride as verified by the surface morphology changes. Ti which forms involatile oxides was not easily removed at room temperature but was slightly removed by UV/CI₂at elevated temperature of 200℃. It was also found that the surface roughness of the Si wafer increased after CI₂and UV/CI₂cleaning. Therefore, the metallic contaminants on the Si wafer can be easily removed at lower temperature by continuous processes of wet cleaning followed by UV/CI₂dry cleaning.
Dong Hui Cho,Se Kyung Lee,Sangmin Kim,Min-Young Choi,Seung Pil Jung,Jeonghui Lee,Jiyoung Kim,Min Young Koo,Soo Youn Bae,Jung-Han Kim,Jee Soo Kim,Kil Won Ho,Jeong Eon Lee,Seok Jin Nam,Jung-Hyun Yang 대한외과학회 2013 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.84 No.5
Purpose: We analyzed the responses of patients with locally advanced breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and NAC combined with neoadjuvant human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) targeted therapy (NCHTT). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 59 patients with HER2 amplified locally advanced breast cancer among patients who were treated surgically after neoadjuvant therapy at Samsung Medical Center between 2005 and 2009. Thirty-one patients received conventional NAC and 28 patients received NCHTT. Pathologic responses were assessed according to response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) guidelines. Results: Pathologic complete response (pCR) was achieved in 13 out of 28 patients treated with NCHTT and in 6 out of 31 patients treated with NAC alone (46.4% vs. 19.4%, respectively, P = 0.049). Breast conserving surgery (BCS) was more frequently performed in the NCHTT group than in the NAC only group (71.4% vs. 19.4%, P < 0.001). The 3-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate was 100% in the NCHTT group and 76.4% in the NAC group (P = 0.014). Together, NCHTT, type of operation (BCS vs. mastectomy) and pathologic nodal status were significant prognostic factors for RFS in univariate analysis. Conclusion: We found that NCHTT produced higher pCR rates than NAC alone in locally advanced breast cancer.
Dong Wook Oh,Tae Jun Song,Sung-Hoon Moon,Jin Hee Kim,Joo Nam Lee,Seung Mo Hong,Joune Seup Lee,Seok Jung Jo,Dong Hui Cho,Do Hyun Park,Sang Soo Lee,Dong-Wan Seo,Sung Koo Lee,Myung-Hwan Kim 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2019 Gut and Liver Vol.13 No.4
Background/Aims: Type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) has been considered extremely rare in East Asia. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence, clinical characteristics and radiological findings of type 2 AIP highlighting patients presenting as acute pancreatitis in a single center. Methods: Type 2 AIP patients were classified according to International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria. Radiological findings were compared between type 2 AIP presenting as acute pancreatitis and gallstone pancreatitis. Results: Among 244 patients with AIP, 27 (11.1%) had type 2 AIP (definite, 15 [55.5%] and probable 12 [44.5%]). The median age of patients with type 2 AIP was 29 years (interquartile range, 20 to 39 years). Acute pancreatitis was the most common initial presentation (n=17, 63%) while obstructive jaundice was present in only one patient. Ulcerative colitis (UC) was associated with type 2 AIP in 44.4% (12/27) of patients. Radiological pancreatic imaging such as delayed enhancement of diffusely enlarged pancreas, homogeneous enhancement of focal enlargement/ mass, absent/minimal peripancreatic fat infiltration or fluid collection, and multifocal main pancreatic duct narrowings were helpful for differentiating type 2 AIP from gallstone pancreatitis. During follow-up (median, 32.3 months), two patients (2/25, 8%) experienced relapse. Conclusions: In South Korea, type 2 AIP is not as rare as previously thought. Overall, the clinical profile of type 2 AIP was similar to that of Western countries. Type 2 AIP should be considered in young UC patients with acute pancreatitis of uncertain etiology.
Gwon, Hui-Dong,Bang, Jun-Suk,Yoon, Kye-Seok,Park, Se-Hong,Park, Sang-Hui,Jung, Min-Yong,Lee, Sang-Han,Kim, Min-Woo,Hong, Sung-Wan,Cho, Gyu-Hyeong Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2018 IEEE transactions on power electronics Vol.33 No.4
<P>This letter presents a 2-phase 3-level (2P3L) envelope tracking supply modulator (ETSM) for a long-term evolution 20 MHz (LTE20) radio frequency power amplifier as a solution for the ET system. This 2P3L ETSM that is composed of only switching converters achieves high efficiency, fast transient response, and a small output current ripple. To properly operate the proposed 2P3L ETSM, 4 pulse width modulatiop (PWM) signals with a 90° phase shift from each PWM signal are required without any mismatch between duty cycles. To remove the mismatch, a time-division multiplexing comparator and a duty-cycle calibrator are proposed. Thanks to the proposed techniques, the proposed ETSM fabricated in 0.18-μm CMOS achieved the highest peak dynamic efficiency of 88.6% with an LTE20 signal, which is superior to the state-of-the-art systems.</P>
조동희 ( Dong Hui Cho ),송태준 ( Tae Jun Song ) 대한췌장담도학회 2016 대한췌담도학회지 Vol.21 No.1
Acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) refers to a clinical condition characterized by repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis, diagnosed retrospectively after at least the second episode of acute pancreatitis. It is still controversial that acute pancreatitis can progress to chronic pancreatitis, and acute, acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis is a continuum of disease. The causes of ARP can be divided into mechanical, hereditary and metabolic factor. Despite recent advances in diagnostic technologies, the etiology of ARP still remains unknown in up to 30% of cases. Especially in recurrent episode of idiopathic pancreatitis, a clinician should be considered not only the common causes of ARP, such as gallstone disease and alcohol, but also rare causes of ARP. The common causes of ‘idiopathic’ recurrent pancreatitis are microlithiasis, sludge, sphincter of oddi dysfunction, pancreas divisum and hereditary pancreatitis. Various treatment options, such as cholecystectomy, endoscopic sphincterotomy, medical and surgery can be applied according to the identified etiology of ARP and treatment should be individualized. Currently, endoscopic treatment is increasingly performed and served as a curative treatment strategy. The medical treatment can be an option in microlithiasis and sludge, but it has limitation in terms of systemic side effect, efficacy and lack of long term outcome. Endoscopic treatment should be considered in selected patients with identifiable cause, and post procedural complication should be considered before endoscopic treatment.
증례 : 호흡기 ; 비특이적 간질성 폐렴의 양상으로 발생한 IgG4 연관 폐 질환의 1예
조동희 ( Dong Hui Cho ),안지환 ( Ji Hwan An ),강유미 ( Yu Mi Kang ),채은진 ( Eun Jin Chae ),송준선 ( Joon Seon Song ),송진우 ( Jin Woo Song ) 대한내과학회 2015 대한내과학회지 Vol.88 No.3
특발성 비특이적 간질성 폐 질환과 IgG4 related lung disease는 증상, 폐기능 검사, 영상의학 소견만으로는 감별이 어려운 질환이다. 하지만 IgG4 related lung disease는 steroid 치료에 좋은 치료 반응을 보이는 것으로 알려져 있어 이들의 감별은 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 본 증례는 특발성 간질성 폐 질환, 특히 비특이적 간질성 폐렴에서 혈청 IgG4의 증가 혹은 조직 소견상 lymphoplasmacytic infiltration이 다수 관찰되고 obliterative phlebitis, storiform fibrosis 등이 관찰된다면 IgG4 연관 질환의 폐 침범 가능성을 고려해야 함을 시사해 준다. Immunoglobulin (Ig) G4-related disease is a recently described systemic inflammatory disease characterized by high serum IgG4 concentrations and sclerosing inflammation of numerous IgG4-positive plasma cells that responds favorably to steroid treatment. Although initial description of this disorder focused on its pancreatic presentation, it has become apparent that it is a systemic disease. In this report, we describe a case of IgG4-related lung disease presenting as non-specific interstitial pneumonia in a 78-year-old male with interstitial lung disease. Pathological examination through video-assisted thoracic surgery showed a non-specific interstitial pneumonia pattern and numerous (> 50/high-power field) infiltrating IgG4-positive plasma cells. Laboratory tests also revealed a high serum IgG4 concentration. Prednisolone therapy was initiated and his symptoms and reticular opacity improved after two months of treatment.(Korean J Med 2015;88:308-312)