중부지역 옥수수 파종기에 따른 생육단계 및 수량성 변화

서종호, 문중경, 정건호, 서민정, 구자환, 박장환, 배환희, 신성휴, 권영업 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2014 農業科學硏究 Vol.30 No.2

Maize hybrids were planted on April 1, April 25, May 20 and June 15 in 2012, 2013 at the experimental paddy and upland fields in Suwon city , respectively to know changes of growth stage and yield according to different planting time. Maize planting on April 1 was not recommended because total growing days at planting on April 1 was not different with that at planting on April 25 due to many days from planting to emergence over 20 days at planting on April 1. Total growing days were not much different among three planting time after April 25 because days from silking to maturity was lengthened though days from planting to silking was shortened at later planting time. Stalk weight was decreased as planting time was delayed, particularly at planting times after May 20 at paddy field by excess water injury during early growth stage. But, grain yield was not low as in May and June. It is needed to introduce early maturity maize variety as Yanganok at late planting for higher grain yield and enough time for soil preparation for next winter crops

조기 천장골염의 자기공명영상 소견

김태환 ( Tae Hwan Kim ),전재범 ( Jae Bum Jun ),심승철 ( Seung Cheol Shim ),장대국 ( Dae Kook Chang ),고회관 ( Hee Kwan Koh ),정성수 ( Sung Soo Jung ),이인홍 ( In Hong Lee ),배상철 ( Sang Cheol Bae ),유대현 ( Dae Hyun Yoo ),전의용 대한류마티스학회 1998 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.5 No.2

목적: 천장골염의 유무가 척추 관절염의 진단에 중요한데 단순 골반 검사에서 변화가 없는 환자를 대상으로 MRI를 이용하여 천장골염의 조기변화 소견 및 MRI방법에 따른 장점을 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 단순 골반 검사에서 천장골염 유무가 확실하게 구분되지 않은 혈청 음성 척추 관절염 환자 26명을 대상으로 MRI를 시행하고 염증의 주침범위치를 천측과 장측, 관절의 상하로 구분하고, MRI방법에 따른 변화를 비교하였다. 결과: 모든 예에서 조영 증강되는 판누스를 관찰할 수 있었고, Grade I 이하에서는 장골측과 관절하부, 인대성 관절보다 활막성 관절을 더 많이 침범하였다. Grade II 이상에서도 장골측과 관절 하부에 더 많았으나 인대성 관절을 Grade I이하에서보다 더 많이 침범하였다. 관절 주변 지방 침착역시 장골측과 관절 하부에 더 주로 침범하였고 Grade II 이상에서 약간 더 많았다. 관절 주변 골염은 Grade 0에서는 없었고, Grade I에서는 주로 장골측과 관절 하부에서 92%가 양성이었고, Grade II에서는 93%에서, Grade III에서는 64%에서 양성으로, 장골측을 주로 침범하였으나 관절 상하부의 구분은 없었다. 인대성 천장골 관절은 Grade I 이하에서 38%, II 이상에서는 94%에서 침범하였다. 관절 주변 골염과 지방 침착, 그리고 판누스의 관찰에는 MPGR보다 스핀에코 영상이 좋았고, 관절면의 불규칙성 또는 관절강의 확대와 관절 강직여부의 관찰에는 스핀에코에 비해 MPGR 영상이 좋았고, 연골하 경화는 비슷하였다. 천장골염의 정도와 ESR, CRP와의 연관성은 없었다. 걸론: 천장골 관절에서 염증의 시작은 주로 장골 측과 관절의 하부에서 먼저 시작되고, 관절이 진행될수록 장골측에서 천골측까지로 범위가 확대 되었다. MRI방법에 의한 차이로 초기단계에는 스핀에코 영상이 관절염을 확인하는데 도움이 되고 관절면이 불규칙하게 되고 경화가 되어 병이 진행된 상태에서는 MPGR영상이 진단에 더 도움이 되었다. 염증성 배부 동통이 있는 경우 단순 골반 검사에서 이상이 없는 환자인 경우에도 MRI 검사를 시행하여 천장골염의 유무를 확인하는 것이 중요하다. Objective: The early detection of sacroiliitis on X-ray is important to diagnose spondyloarthropathy(SpA). The conventional radiography, bone scan, and computer tomogram have the problems of sensitivity, specificity, and side effects. We examined sacroiliitis using MR imaging in patients who had inflammatory back pain, but no definite changes in conventional radiogrphy. Other radiologic techniques were compared in detection of early sacroillitis. Methods: Twenty six patients with SpA were examined. The MRI findings of both sacroiliac joints were evaluated in every patients, such as pannus, periarticular osteitis and fat accumulation, subchondral sclerosis, and joint space changes(irregularity, ankylosis). Also we analyzed the changes of sacroiliac joints in sacroiliitis. Results: The predominant sites of involvement were upper aspect and iliac surface of sacroiliac joint in subchondral sclerosis, lower and iliac in pannus, periarticular fat accumulation, and iliac in periarticular osteitis. The MPGR images were superior to spin echo images in evaluation of joint space changes(irregularity, and ankylosis). Conclusions: Sacroiliitis is initiated in iliac side and lower portion of sacroiliac joints. MRI can detect early changes of sacroiliitis in patients with no conventional radiographic changes. MRI seems to be needed in patients with inflammatory back pain.

암세포 증식에 대한 YB-1 안티센스 올리고핵산염의 영향

김명성 ( Myung Sung Kim ),이완식 ( Wan Sik Lee ),박창환 ( Chang Hwan Park ),주영은 ( Young Eun Joo ),김현수 ( Hyun Soo Kim ),최성규 ( Sung Kyu Choi ),유종선 ( Jong Sun Rew ),정영도 ( Young Do Jung ),김세종 ( Sei Jong Kim ),안봉환 대한내과학회 2006 대한내과학회지 Vol.71 No.3

목적: YB-1은 PCNA, DNA 중합효소 및 MDR 유전자 등의 전사인자로 작용한다. YB-1 유전자는 정상 어른의 간에서는 발현되지 않지만 태아의 간이나 재생 중인 간에서는 발현이 현저히 증가되어서 세포의 증식과 밀접한 관련이 있음이 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 YB-1 유전자의 안티센스 올리고핵산염을 이용하여 YB-1의 발현을 억제함으로써 암세포 증식을 차단 할 수 있는지를 실험하고 암치료를 위한 유전자 요법으로서의 가능성을 알아보았다. 방법: 세포주로는 Chang liver, HepG2, CT-26 세포를 사용하였고, 사람의 정상세포로는 섬유아세포와 내피세포가 혼재된 조직을 사용하였다. YB-1 유전자의 안티센스 올리고핵산염으로는 YB-1 cDNA의 변역 시작 부위에 상보적인 21mer 올리고핵산염을 제작하여 사용하였다. 세포의 성장은 MTT assay를 이용하였고, 유전자 발현은 Northern blot으로 분석하였으며, 세포주기 변화는 propidium iodide로 염색하여 유식세포분석기로 분석하였다. 동물실험에서는 CT-26 세포를 1.0×10(5)개씩 Balb/c 생쥐의 피하에 접종하여 종양을 유도하였다. 종양이 유도된 Balb/c 생쥐에 YB-1 안티센스 올리고핵산염을 꼬리정맥이나 종양조직에 주사한 후 종양의 크기를 측정하여 종양억제 효과를 관찰하였다. 결과: YB-1 안티센스 올리고핵산염은 CT-26 세포에서는 50 nM 이상 농도에서 Chang liver와 HepG2 세포에서는 10 nM 이상 농도에서 세포주의 성장을 강하게 억제하였지만 정상 조직세포의 성장에는 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았다. 안티센스 올리고핵산염을 DOTAP에 담지한 경우 세포성장 억제에 미치는 효과가 안티센스 올리고핵산염 단독 처치 보다 강하였다. 이때 YB-1의 발현은 증식이 억제된 세포주(Chang liver 및 CT-26)에서는 감소하였으나 정상조직세포에서는 변화가 없었다. 증식이 억제된 세포주에서 세포주기를 살펴보면 초기에 S phase가 감소함을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 꼬리정맥이나 종양조직에 YB-1 안티센스 올리고핵산염을 주입 시 종양의 크기가 유의하게 감소하였다. 결론: 이상의 실험 결과 YB-1 안티센스 올리고핵산염은 암세포의 성장을 저해하며 종양 동물모델에서 종양의 성장을 억제할 수 있음을 시사하였다. Background: Human YB-1 is a transcription factor that binds to the inverted CCAAT box in the promoter region of a variety of genes such as PCNA, DNA polymerase and MDR. In this study we evaluated the effect of YB-1 antisense oligonucleotides on tumor cell growth. Methods: Chang liver, HepG2 and CT-26 cells were cultured as immortalized cell lines. The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, Northern blot and flow cytometric analyses were used to determine cell growth, gene expression and cell cycle changes. In an animal model, CT-26 cells were injected into Balb/c mice to induce tumor; YB-1 antisense oligonucleotides were injected into the tail vein or tumor tissue of the mice; change of tumor size was then measured. Results: Phosphorothioated YB-1 antisense oligonucleotides suppressed the proliferation of the immortalized liver cells (Chang liver cells) and a variety of cancer cells (HepG2 and CT-26 cells); however, it did not inhibit normal cell growth. The DOTAP/antisense oligonucleotide mixture showed stronger effects on cell proliferation than did the antisense oligonucleotide alone. The YB-1 antisense oligonucleotide decreased specific expression of the YB-1 mRNA in the immortalized cancer cell lines. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the inhibition of cell proliferation might have been due to a decrease in the S phase of the cell cycle. We found that in an animal tumor model, the administration of the YB-1 antisense oligonucleotide, in the vein or tumor tissues, decreased the tumor size significantly. Conclusions: These results suggest that the YB-1 antisense oligonucleotide may inhibit growth of a variety of cancer cells.(Korean J Med 71:293-301, 2006)

Interaction of Ribose - binding Protein with Trg Chemosensory Transducer in Escherichia coli

Park, Chang Kyu,Jung, Kwang Hwan 한국유전학회 1990 Genes & Genomics Vol.12 No.4

The Trg transducer of E. coli, located in cytoplasmic membrane mediates attractant response to ribose. The periplasmic ribose-binding protein (RBP) is encoded by rbsB gene and is thought to interact with Trg transducer. Ligand-occupied ribose-binding protein is supposed to exert chemotatic response by binding to the Trg transducer and to transport ribose into the cytoplasm. To study the interaction of RBP with Trg, we used trg-8 mutation (Arg85His) that has specific defects in chemotactic response to ribose. We have mutagenized pA112 plasmid containing rbsB gene with hydroxylamine. The mutagenized rbsB plasmids were introduced into the strain that has trg-8 mutation and then ribose taxis positive transformants were screened on ribose swarm plate. Four suppressors that restore ribose taxis have been isolated. Two of the mutations were sequenced by DNA sequencing to find their mutational changes. One has Glu191Lys change and the other Pro65Ser. These results suggest that the residues of 65 and 191 of RBP are important for the interaction with Trg transducer. The structural role and significance of these residues in receptor interaction are discussed based on their locations in three dimensional structure of RBP generated by computer modelling.

Ischemia-Related Changes in Galanin Expression in the Dentate Hilar Region after Transient Forebrain Ischemia in Gerbils

LEE, Hyeon Yong,HWANG, In Koo,KIM, Dae Ho,KIM, Jung Hwa,KIM, Chang Ho,LIM, Beong Ou,KANG, Tae-Cheon,BANG, Kyung Hwan,SEONG, Nak Sul,LEE, Hak Ju,KIM, Jong Dai,WON, Moo Ho Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science 2005 EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS Vol.54 No.1

<P>Although galanin (GAL) protects hippocampal neurons from ischemic damage, no study has examined ischemia-related changes in endogenous GAL in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. We investigated the chronological changes of GAL, well-known as the potassium channel opener, expression in the dentate gyrus at various times after 5 min of transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. A few GAL-immunoreactive (IR) neurons were found in the polymorphic layer of the sham-operated group. Three hours after ischemia-reperfusion, the pattern of GAL immunoreactivity was similar to that of the sham-operated group and the number of GAL-IR neurons and immunoreactivity were highest 12 h after ischemic insult. At this time, GAL-IR neurons in the polymorphic layer showed strong GAL immunoreactivity. Thereafter, GAL-IR neurons and immunoreactivity significantly decreased in the dentate hilar region. Four days after ischemic insult, GAL-IR neurons were not detectable. In addition, the results of a Western blot study showed a pattern of GAL expression similar to the immunohistochemical changes. GAL protein content also was highest 12 h after ischemia. In conclusion, the increased expression of endogenous GAL in the dentate gyrus after ischemia is related to response to the ischemic damage.</P>

레슬링 스타일에 따른 부상유형에 관한 연구

김정현,김창환,김병완 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.4

This study aims to investigate what types of injury frequently occur when wrestlers perform their exercise and what cause their injury and propose an efficient scheme to prevent injury. The subjects consist of 59 Greco-Roman and 53 Free-style wrestlers. The results are as follows: (1) Locations of Sports Injury In the case of Greco-Roman wrestlers, the most frequent locations of injury were in the following order: the knee joints, the wrist joints, followed by the neck, the ankle joints, the hands, the shoulder, the head, the elbow joints, the face, the breastbone, ribs, the waist, hip joints, the upper arms, the abdomen, the head, the hip, the forearms, the femoral region and trunk. In the case of Free-style wrestlers, they were in the following order: the head, the wrist joints, the face, the knee joints, the neck, the waist, the elbow joints, the ankle joints, the breastbone, ribs, the hands, hip joints, the forearms, the shoulder, the abdomen, the upper arms and trunk. (2) Types of Sports Injury In the case of Greco-Roman wrestlers, the most frequent injury types were in the following order: scratch, muscle contusion(96.6%), muscle stiffness(94.9%), muscle sprain(93.2%), sprain(91.5%), fracture(88.1%), aural hematoma(86.4%), fissure(84.7%), bone contusion(83%), incised wound or cut, collateral ligament tension and fracture(79.6%), joint sprain(76.2%), tendon fracture(64.4%), dislocation(59.3%), arthritis, disc(57.6%), cerebral concussion(50.8%), proliferous bone change(49.1%), chronic joint change(45.7%), periostitis(38.9%), nerve contusion(37.2%) and cerebral contusion(27.1%). In the case of Free-style wrestlers, they were in the following order: scratch(98.1%), muscle contusion(96.6%), muscle sprain(92.4%), sprain(91.5%), collateral ligament tension and fracture(88.6%), muscle stiffness(86.7%), joint sprain(84.9%), fissure(81.1%), fracture(79.2%), incised wound or cut, aural hematoma(71.6%), disc(69.8%), tendon fracture(56.6%), chronic joint change(49%), arthritis(47.1%), dislocation, proliferous bone change(45.2%), periostitis(41.5%), nerve contusion(37.7%), cerebral concussion(33.9%) and cerebral contusion(30.1%). (3) Times of Sports Injury According to 96.6% of Greco-Roman wrestlers and 98.1% of Free-style wrestlers, the most frequent time of injury occurrence was exercise time. While 38.9% of Greco-Roman wrestlers reported the experience of an injury on defense, 37.7% of Free-style wrestlers reported the experience of an injury both on offense and defense. While 100% of Greco-Roman wrestlers reported the experience of an injury on a cloudy day, 94.3% of Free-style wrestlers reported the experience of an injury on cloudy or raining days. The experience of an injury in the winter season was reported by 54.2% and 39.6% of Greco-Roman and Free-style wrestlers, respectively. The experience of an injury during afternoon exercise time was reported by 71.1% and 81.1% of Greco-Roman and Free-style wrestlers, respectively. (4) Causes of Sports Injury 'carelessness', 'an excessive desire to win' and 'the inability of coaches' were cited as the major causes of sports injury by 67.9%, 33.8% and 25.4 % of Greco-Roman wrestlers, respectively. Meanwhile, 'an excessive desire to win', 'lack of warm-up' and 'the inability of coaches' were cited as the major causes of sports injury by 64.1%, 37.7% and 30.1% of Free-style wrestlers, respectively. (5) Treatment of Sports Injury Both Greco-Roman and Free-style wrestlers reported that, when they had an injury, the emergency treatment was given by coaches and subsequent treatments were administered in hospital and that hot fomentation was applied as an emergency treatment. (6) Psychological state at time of sports injury Both Greco-Roman and Free-style wrestlers reported that, in case of an injury, they were thinking "I'm going to get better soon." Greco-Roman wrestlers' psychological reaction to injury was "What if I can't do as well as before? while that of Free-style wresters was "I'm afraid I will get hurt again." The most frequently recommended by both Greco-Roman and Free-style wrestlers as a solution to reduce injury was 'enough warm-up and finishing'. (7) To the question how many times they had an injury on the same location after treatment, 55.9% of Greco-Roman wrestlers and 47.1% of Free-style wrestlers answered "two to five times". Most of them reported they had experienced an injury in the same location after treatment. (8) Greco-Roman and Free-style wrestlers reported they participated in national tournaments 67 and 70 times respectively and they have ever given up an important match at least once due to injury.

취장 외분기능에 대한 체내 Amines의 역할

곽정재,김예식,명창선,김경환 연세대학교 의과대학 1987 연세의대논문집 Vol.20 No.2

농업부문 에너지 수급 구조와 전망

김연중(Yun-Jung Kim),박기환(Ki-Hwan Park),강창용(Chang-Yong Kang),김윤형(Yun-Hyung Kim),김한호(Han-Ho Kim),오세익 한국농촌경제연구원 2010 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

According to economic development and changes in internal and external economic conditions, the energy consumption structure and consumption by energy source of our country are largely changing. Nevertheless, South Korea depends on imports for most of its energy, because natural energy resources are insufficient, and is very sensitive to energy-related issues. Recently, because the International Convention on Climate Change raised concern about diminishing fossil fuels and global warming, the importance of energy efficiency is increasing. To understand the energy input structure of the agricultural sector in order to prepare for efficient energy management plans, it is necessary to predict energy consumption by main items. For this, input-outpur analysis was conducted. It was found that our agriculture and forestry and fisheries industry consumed 3.79 million tons oil equivalent(toe) in 2007, and the agriculture sector is expanding; on the other hand, the livestock and forestry and fisheries sectors are generally shrinking. The agriculture sector remarkably uses energy for vegetables and flowering plants, and in the case of vegetables, consumption has increased by more than 9%, and even consumption of flowering plants has increased by more than 11% above the annual average. In addition, the energy input coefficient in the agriculture sector decreased by more than 30% compared with 1995, confirming that, in general, dependence on energy is being avoided. The agriculture sector is an industry dependent on energy as a result of the relatively large input coefficient in horticulture. Meanwhile, domestic new renewable energy use in our country is just 2.43% of total consumption of the first energy but has shown a tendency to swiftly increase the supply rate of new renewable energy since 2000; however, consumption in the agriculture sector is mainly oil related compared with other industries, and the consumption of new renewable energy is almost nothing. Nevertheless, the government established a goal of expanding the supply rate level of new renewable energy to 4.3% in 2015, 6.1% in 2020, and 11% in 2030, so the use of new renewable energy is expected to increase even in the agriculture sector in the future. Energy is the most important resource for the entire range of the national economy, and because of the effect of oil price increases, it has become a major interest of agriculture. Therefore, the government is preparing various policies for the efficient use of energy as well as energy saving. Accordingly, it is important to plan energy-related efficient policy by supplying basic data on energy policy establishment in the agriculture sector by analyzing the supply and demand status of clean energy in the agriculture sector along with the potential energy demand of the main agricultural and livestock products.

온도변화에 따른 파이버 브래그 격자 필터의 특성에 관한 연구

손용환(Yong-Hwan Son),이종윤(Jong-Youn Lee),허주옥(Ju-ok Huh),배창환(Chang-Hwan Bae),정진호(Jin-Ho Jung) 대한전자공학회 2007 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.11

In this paper, we present thermal characteristics of a fiber Bragg grating(FBG) filter, including peak reflectivity and FWHM bandwidth by various refractive index change. The reflection spectrum of a FBG filter with refractive index change is affected by its thermal stability.

도로의 빗물받이 간격을 고려한 우수관거 최적설계

장동일,이정호,전환돈,김중훈,Chang, Dong-Eil,Lee, Jung-Ho,Jun, Hwan-Don,Kim, Joong-Hoon 한국방재학회 2008 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.8 No.5

본 연구에서는 도로 측구에 매설된 우수관거와 함께 빗물받이 간격을 최적화하는 우수관거 최적 설계 모형을 제시하였다. 빗물받이 간격이 변화하면 각 측구에 대한 유역면적이 변화하게 되며, 각 측구로 유입되는 유량을 또한 변화시키게 된다. 각 측구로 유입되는 유량이 달라질 경우 하부에 매설된 우수관거의 필요용량이 달라지므로 관경의 변화가 요구되는 결과를 낳는다. 즉 빗물받이 간격이 달라진다면 빗물받이 개수, 각 우수관거의 관경 및 연장, 그리고 관거별 경사 등의 설계조합이 달라진다. 그에 따라서 최소비용을 위한 빗물받이 간격 별 우수관의 설계조합은 최적화를 통하여 해결해야한다. 수리학적 조건을 만족하는 빗물받이 간격 및 우수관의 설계조합을 유전자 알고리즘을 통하여 결정하였다. 도로의 조건들은 실제도로에 맞게 가정하였으며 강우조건은 서울지방의 재현기간 10년 지속시간 1시간 강우를 사용하였다. 현재 하수도 시설기준 및 여러 기준에 의해 포괄적으로 소개된 빗물받이 적정 간격은 $10{\sim}30\;m$이므로 본 모형을 이용한 빗물받이 최적 간격에 대한 해의 탐색은 이 범위 내에서 이루어졌다. 본 연구는 도로의 경사조건에 따른 빗물받이 최적간격과 우수관의 최적조합을 최소 건설비용을 통하여 제시하였으며 본 연구에 의해 획득된 결과에 의하면 노면경사에 따라 최적 빗물받이 간격이 다르며 빗물받이 간격에 따라 공사비용을최대 20% 감소시킬 수 있었다. This study presented a design model optimizing a distance of inlet with drainage pipe laid under the gutter in road. When the distance of inlet changed, a basin for the gutter divided by the distance of inlet and the inflow coming into the gutter would be changed. In this case, the change of inlet distance causes the change of a diameter of drainage pipe and slope because of the change of capacity. Therefore, the optimization is needed to design the combination of them for the distance of inlet. Genetic Algorithm is used to determine the optimal combination of them. The conditions of road and the precipitation were assumed like a real and the range of inlet distance adopted $10{\sim}30\;m$ which has been introduced in domestic. This model presented the optimal distance of inlet and the combination of pipe and slope through the minimum cost. The result of the study is that the optimal distance of inlet is different from each slope of road and it can reduce about 20% of total cost for the distance of inlet.