<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> evaluation of a novel polymer-free everolimus-eluting stent by nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide film deposition

Park, Dae Sung,Bae, In-Ho,Jeong, Myung Ho,Lim, Kyung Seob,Sim, Doo Sun,Hong, Young Joon,Lee, So-Youn,Jang, Eun Jae,Shim, Jae-Won,Park, Jun-Kyu,Lim, Han Chul,Kim, Han Byul Elsevier 2018 Materials Science and Engineering C Vol.91 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Inflammation and thrombosis are linked to the use of polymer-based drug-eluting stents (DES). The aim of this study was to develop a polymer-free everolimus (EVL)-eluting stent using nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) and verify its efficacy by <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> assessment in a porcine coronary model. Various analytical approaches such as scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, electron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and contact angle measurement were employed for the characterization. As a part of biocompatibility assessment, platelet adhesion and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation were examined. Bare metal stent (BMS), N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> stent, everolimus-eluting N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> (N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL) stent, and commercialized EVL-eluting stent (EES) were randomly placed in forty coronary arteries in twenty pigs. After four weeks of implantation, the stents were subjected to histological and quantitative analysis. The N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> film used in this study was well coated without any cracks or peeling. Surface hydrophilicity (88.8% of angle decrement) could be associated with the decrease in surface roughness post N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> deposition (37.0%). The platelet adhesion on the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surfaces was less than that on the BMS surface. The proliferation of SMC was suppressed in the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL group (30.2%) but not in the BMS group. In the animal study, the percent area restenosis was significantly decreased in the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL group compared to that in the BMS group. The results (BMS; 47.0 ± 11.00%, N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL; 31.7 ± 10.50%, and EES; 29.1 ± 11.21%, <I>n</I> = 10, <I>p</I> < 0.05) were almost at par with those of the commercialized EVL-eluting stent. The introduction of N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> deposition during fabrication of polymer-free DES may be an efficient accessorial process for preventing in-stent restenosis and thrombosis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surfaces can help to reduce the platelet adhesion. </LI> <LI> In porcine model, N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> everolimus decreased in-stent restenosis and fibrin deposition. </LI> </UL> </P>

漢文科 評價를 위한 成就基準 개發 方向에 대하여 : 高等學校를 中心으로 On the Direction of the Development of Completion Criteria for the Valuation in the Education of Sino-Korean Letters and Lit with the education in high school

秦仁燮 한국한문교육학회 2002 한문교육논집 Vol.19 No.-

敎育評價의 본질적 기능은 학생이 도달하여야 할 목표를 어느 정도 성취하였는지 점검하고, 그 결과를 학생이나 교사, 부모에게 제공해 주어 학생이 나아갈 좌표를 일러주고 도와주는 역할을 담당하는 것이다. 즉 교육의 장에서 評價는 학생이 지속적으로 성장하고 발달할 수 있도록 돕는 역할을 수행한다고 할 수 있다. 학교 연장 評價의 관행상 문제점으로 인하여 보다 적극적인 기준 개발의 필요성이 절실하다. 즉 評價 결과를 바탕으로 학생들의 학습 결손 상태를 파악하여 이를 개선하기 위해 敎授·學習 과정에 송환시키기보다는 학습자의 우·열을 가리기 위한 수단으로만 사용하는 등 교육과정의 기본 방향에 위배되는 상황들을 학교 교육이 주도했기 때문이다. 成就基準이란 해당 학년에서 배워야 할 敎授·學習 활동의 실질적인 기준으로, 교육과정의 목표 및 학습·내용을 실제 수업과 연관 시켜 이해할 수 있도록 명료하게 구체적으로 해석, 나열한 것이며, 또한 현장에서의 敎授·學習활동을 계획하고 구안할 수 있도록 기초 자료로 제시되는 것이며, 교육의 총체인 評價를 위한 준거로서 교육과정의 질 관리와 기초학력 보장을 위하여 개발되어야 하는 것이다. 따라서 敎育目標와 敎授·學習 활동, 評價 활동의 일치를 評價의 방향으로 두고 이를 위한 일관성 있고 체계적인 면모를 보이기 위해서는 교사와 학생이 무엇을 어떻게 가르치고 배워야 하며, 그것을 어떻게 評價해야 할 것인가에 대한 합리적인 준거인 成就基準을 마련하는 것이 시급한 실정이다. 한문과 성취기준 개발 방향에 대해 몇 가지 살펴보면 다음과 같다. ① 現場 適用性 및 自律性이 떨어지고 모호하다. ② 成就基準 영역 설정에 있어서 漢文과 교육과정의 논리와 특성에 따라 구별하고, 학급의 효율성을 극대화시켜야 한다. ③ 評價를 위한 成就基準에 대한 道具選擇과 活動課題가 斷片的이다. ④ 實業界 高等學校 學生들의 基礎學力 정도를 감안하지 않았다. ⑤ 동아시아권에서의 漢字의 활용을 위한 속자·약자·간자의 학습에 대한 기준이 없다. ⑥ 高等學校 敎育用 基礎漢字 900字에 대한 成就基準이 級別로 정해져 있지 않다. ⑦ 成就 水準을 정함에 있어 難易度나 重要度 등을 따져 학년별로 구분지어져 있어야 한다. ⑧ 敎授·學習 활동 시간 및 학생 수준의 조정이 필요하다. ⑨ 成就基準 영역을 설정함에 있어 실용적인 사안을 고려해야 한다. ⑩ 暗記 위주에서 探究 위주로 탈바꿈해야 한다. ⑪ 현재 시행되고 있는 대학 수학 능력 시험도 고려되어야 한다. 이상과 같이 成就基準의 개발의 방향성을 제시하였는바 이는 적정한 評價 기준을 세우는데 그 목적이 있다. 물론 이와 같이 成就基準을 만들어 놓고 評價基準을 마련하는 것이 너무 세부적으로 나누어지게 되어 혼란을 가중시킬 수도 있겠으나, 오히려 학생들이 반드시 성취해야 하고 이에 따라 정당한 評價를 받기를 원한다면 쌍방의 만족을 이끌어 낼 수 있으리라 본다. 그리고 절대 불변의 확고한 지침을 제공할 수 있는 성격은 아니므로 앞으로 교육 과정의 확대 적용에 따른 현장 교사들의 경험, 학습자, 교육 전문가, 행정 기관 그리고 학부모의 반응과 의견을 조사하고 우리의 교육 현실을 반영하여 成就基準의 기본적인 의미를 확대 또는 수정하여 보완하는 가능성은 열어두고자 한다. The essential function of educational valuation is the inspection of educational completion of students and advising them to acquire future angular by informing the result to teachers and parents. But the valuation in educational field had been performed usually, so if we couldn't this problem we wouldn't achieve the improvement of educational quality. To be frank, the conception of completion criteria can be explained by three as belows. 1) Elementary criteria of education to be taught in every grades, in other words, that comments on the goal and contents in curriculum distinctly and concretely relating to real educational processes. 2) That was issued as the basic datum to plan the education-learning schedules. 3) That have to be developed for the management of educational quality in curriculum and the guarantee of elementary scholarship as the standard of valuation. As mentioned above, I will present several directions to correct problems of current completion criteria and to establish new criteria suited to present educational systems. ① Field applicability and autonomy are depreciated and vague. ② In the fixing the area of completion criteria, we must distinguish according to the logic and the characteristics of educational curriculum, and must deal all students differently. ③ The choice of instrument and performing subjects in the completion criteria for test are fragmentary. ④ That didn't take into account the degree of elementary scholarship in industrial high school. ⑤ There is no clear criterium for using the simplified Chinese characters of Japan and China. ⑥ There is no graded completion criterium for 900 elementary letters in high school education. ⑦ We must take into account the degree of difficulty and importance in deciding the level of completion. ⑧ We must settle the time of teaching-learning and the level of student. ⑨ In the fixing the area of compleyion criteria, we must take into account pragmatic aspects. ⑩ We must transform memory centered curriculums into investigating centered one. ⑪ We must take into account the test for entrance of university(college) current operated.

한국현대시에 나타난 기독교의 구원의식 : 윤동주, 김현승 시를 중심으로 Focus on Poems by Yun Dong-ju and Kim Hyun-seung

김인섭 한국문학과종교학회 2004 문학과종교 Vol.9 No.1

Both Yun and Kim began their poetic activity from the ground where Christianity was unfamiliar, experienced the fierce struggle between absolute truth of God and secular values, and integrated the functions of a poet and a Christian. turning the combination into a tool with which one can discover self-esteem as well as salvation. However, they differ considerably in ways they understand the source of human existence and the awareness of paths one goes through to reach salvation. Readers find poetic value in Yun's works when they discover the integration of the individual struggle rising from instability and loneliness, and the suffering of group caused by deprivation of historical and social positions due to the loss of homeland. To Yun, salvation is something more than individual thing. He is more interested in the land of God as a symbol of 'A thousand years Kingdom'. Yun seeks eternity in this new social order, and it is not something that escapes history but that works as a part of history. In Kim's works, readers find his agony and understanding as a human who stands before God, and the works also show the solitude and sorrow of a human who has lost God. A man meets the Absolute Being, agonizes over his doubt and despair, finds human beings are bound to fate and its sorrow and solitude, and finally accepts himself as he is and his inner struggle and suffering is healed. Kim chooses challenging spirit in order to adopt religion and solitude into his poems, and his attitude leads his to his salvation ultimately. Through sublime process in which the despair he has about religion redeemed with solitude, the poet steps into the true religion. Kim's works show the struggle of human beings go through to get at the nature of religion and to discover true self, and they also show how people, as orphans with parents, undergo painstaking process in which they deny themselves over and over. Poetic agony found in Kim's works could be described as an inevitable factor that is needed to introduce unfamiliar ideas, which is Christianity, into his poems. With poems by these two poets, Koreans are now facing the new world in terms of the spirit and methodology of modem poetry. It is because Yun presents a model of the land of God in which individual and group salvation are inevitably connected to each other, and because Kim integrates anti-Christian factors with that of Christian in portraying the true spirit of poetry. Their ways provide the process in which Christianity settles in the Korean literature.

대전지역 성인의 혈청콜레스테롤 및 중성지방치 수준

윤은영,여인섭 대전대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 自然科學 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구는 대전지역에 거주하는 성인의 혈청지질수준과 생활습관을 조사하기 위하여 대전지역에 거주하며, 건강검진센타를 방문한 성인 250명을 대상으로 1997년 5월-6월에 걸쳐 혈청 콜레스테롤과 중성지방, 사회환경적 요인과 식습관 등을 조사하였다. 조사 결과 Broca 지수의 평균치는 110.2±15.1% 였으며 영양소섭취량은 에너지를 제외하고 모두 권장량의 90% 이상을 섭취하고 있었다. 혈청 총 콜레스테롤 농도는 남자는 203.1±39.4mg/dl, 여자는 202.5±41.3mg/dl로 남녀간 유의적 차이가 없었다. 혈청 LDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 남자 47.2±11.0mg/dl, 여자 53.6±14.1mg/dl 이었다. 중성지방(TG)은 남자는 177.0±131.0mg/dl, 여자는 135.5±83.9mg/dl 이었다. HDL-콜레스테롤은 비만군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았고(p<0.05) 여자의 수치가 남자에 비해 유의하게 (p<0.001) 높은 경향을 보였다. 혈청지질농도간의 상관관계는 TG농도가 높을수록 총콜레스테롤 농도가 증가하였으며, HDL-콜레스테롤농도는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 LPH와 Al는 비만도가 증가할수록 유의적으로 높아졌다(p<0.05, p<0.01). 식습관이 나쁠수록 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 대체로 연령이 증가할수록, 수입과 교육수준이 높을수록, 혈청지질 농도가 상승하는 경향을 보였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels of adult in Taejon. This study was conducted with 250 subjects (male 130, female 120) who visited health center in a general hospital from May to June in 1997. The relationship between serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and some factors were analyzed. Results were summarized as follow ; By Broca index, 26% of the subjects were obese. Mean±SD of Broca index was 110.0±13.7% in male, 10.6±16.6% in female. Serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol and Triglyceride levels were 203.1±39.4, 120.5±36.3, 4702±11.0, 177.0±131.0 mg/이 in male3 and 202.5±41.3, 121.7±34.8, 53.6±14.1, 135.5±83.9 mg/이 in female respectively. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and Triglyceride levels were significantly higher in obese group than non obese groups. But HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in obese group than non obese groups. And also, the value of LPH and AI in obese group were significantly different among groups. In serum lipid levels by age, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were higher as the subjects were older. And atherogenic index was significantly higher (p<0.05) in groups in the forties, fifties and sixties than group in the twenties. There were significant correlation between serum lipid levels. Above all as the triglyceride level went up, total cholesterol level increased, but HDL-cholesterol level decreased.

고식적 체외수정시술과 난자 세포질내 정자주입술에 의해 태어난 아이의 주산기 결과 및 선천성 기형 발생빈도의 비교 연구

임정은,유근재,이종표,이문섭,현우영,전진현,홍수정,송지홍,송인옥,백은찬,최범채,손일표,궁미경,강인수,전종영,박인서,Lim, Jeong-Eun,Yoo, Keun-Jai,Lee, Jong-Pyo,Lee, Moon-Seob,Hyun, Woo-Young,Jun, Jin-Hyun,Hong, Soo-Jeong,Song, Ji-Hong,Song, In-Ok,Paik, 대한생식의학회 1998 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.25 No.3

The safety of ICSI as a novel procedure of assisted fertilization may be assessed by the health of the baby born. In order to evaluate the safety of ICSI, perinatal outcome and congenital anomaly of the babies born after ICSI were compared with those of babies born after IVF (control group). We analysed the clinical data from the obstetric and pediatric records, including the information obtained through telephone. The results are as follows; Mean gestational age $({\pm}SEM)$ and birth weight in singleton pregnancy were $38.8{\pm}1.9$ weeks and $3209.7{\pm}501.9gm$ in IVF group, $39.0{\pm}2.2$ weeks and $3289.9{\pm}479.5gm$ in ICSI group, respectively. Mean gestational age and birth weight in twins were $36.8{\pm}2.1$ weeks and $2512.8{\pm}468.0gm$ in IVF group, $36.5{\pm}2.8$ weeks and $2492.7{\pm}537.1gm$ in ICSI group. In IVF group, perinatal mortality rates were 8.5 in singletons and 56.6 in twins; for the ICSI singletons and ICSI twins, the perinatal mortality rates were 11.6 and 49.0, respectively. The incidence of congenital malformations was 3.6% (8/224) in IVF group and 2.1% (4/188) in ICSI group, there was no statistical difference (p>0.05, Fisher's exact test). The incidence of major congenital anomalies was 0.9% (2/224; pulmonary artery hypoplasia, renal cystic dysplasia) in IVF group and 1.1% (2/188; holoprosencephaly, Cri du chat syndrome) in ICSI groups (p>0.05, Fisher's exact test). Similarly, there was no significant difference in incidence of minor congenital anormalies 2.7% (6/224) in IVF group and 1.1% (2/188) in ICSI group respectively (p>0.05, Fisher's exact test). In conclusion, there was no difference in the perinatal outcome and the incidence of congenital anomalies between the babies born after ICSI and those after conventional IVF.

하인리히 뵐의 풍자「Es wird etwas geschehen」연구 : 상징적 모티브 "비누"의 해석을 중심으로

배인섭 한국독어독문학회 2002 獨逸文學 Vol.83 No.1

"Es wird etwas geschehen(1954)" ist eine Satire von Heinrich Bo¨ll, die die tiefliegenden Probleme einer a¨ußerlich gla¨nzenden modemen Industriewelt aufdeckt. Der Ich-Erza¨hler, zugleich die Hauptfigur dieser Satire, ist als typische Kunstfigur charakterisiert, die "von Natur dem Nachdenken und dem Nichtstun zugeneigt" ist. Nach einer unbedeutenden Ta¨tigkeit in der Fabrik Wunsiedels, die symbolisch fu¨r die Verha¨ltnisse in der industrialisierten Welt steht, findet er endlich eine passende Ta¨tigkeit bei einem Beerdigungsinstitut. Damit kommt die Handlung zum Schluß. Doch Bo¨ll la¨ßt den Erza¨hler noch folgendes Wort hinzufu¨gen: "Spa¨t erst fiel mir ein, daß ich mich nie fu¨r den Artkel interessiert habe, der in Wunsidels Fabrik hergestellt wurde. Es wird wohl Seife gewesen sein." Bisherige Studien und INterpretationen zu H. Bo¨ll scheinen diese beiden Sa¨tze ebensowenig zu beru¨cksichtigen wie das symbolisch reichhaltige Wort "Seife". Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit lieght nun darin, die Bedeutung genau dieser Elemente und der letzten zwei Sa¨tze zu dechiffrieren. Dabei werden einige nadere Werke Bo¨lls mit beru¨cksichtigt, um den in dieser Arbeit vertretenden Standpunkt zu unterbauen. Der Ansatzpunkt dieser Untersuchung ist das Motiv, "Sauberkeit", das sich mit dem Begriff "Seife" ohne weiteres assoziiert. "Sauberkeit" ist zuna¨chst zwar sicher ein positiv besetzter Begriff. Viele Geisteswissenschaftler jedoch sehen in der "Sauberkeit" eine Form des Anakasmus, das heißt eine Art Psychose des modernen Menschen. In der Verbindung des Motives "Sauber- keit" mit anderen Motiven wie "Fro¨hlichkeit", "Helligkeit", "Handlung" und "Lebenslauf", stellt die Satire eine Beziehung zum "Leistungsprinzip" her, das die normative Grundlage der kapitalistischen Industriegesellschaft darstellt. Durch den Begriff "Seife" wird schließlich die modeme, vom Leistungsprinzip konrollierte Gesellschaft als eine psychopathische Konfiguration gekennzeichnet. Eine solche Interpretation la¨ßt sich auch stu¨tzen mit dem Hinweis auf eine weitere Satire Bo¨lls ("Mein trauriges Gesicht"), in der "Seife" und "Sauberkeit" als Zeichen fu¨r ein faschistisches System mit totalita¨r struktrierter Produktion zu verstehen sind. Weiterhin ist die Aussage des Erza¨hlers in Betracht zu ziehen, daß dieser sich nie dafu¨r interessiert habe, welche Produkte eigentlich in Wunsiedels Fabrik hergestellt werden. Was die Leistungsgesellschaft unterstu¨tzt und fo¨rdert, ist aber nun die sta¨ndige Steigerung der Produktion und der unendliche "Tatendrang" im Dienste einer noch ho¨heren Leistung. Um als Mitglied der Leistungsgesellschaft erfolgreich zu sein, bescha¨ftigt man sich am besten ohne weitere Gedanken mit den vorgegebenen Aufgaben und ohne Reflexion des fu¨r die Arbeit vorgegebenen Ziels. Daraus ergibt sich die Gefahr, daß insbesondere Berufsta¨gkeit und Arbeit in der kapitalistischen Gesellschaft zu einem Verlust an Humanita¨t fu¨hren und der Mensch zu einem bloßen Mittel der Produktion degeneriert. Das heißt, das Leistungsprinzip kann von einer totalita¨ren Macht Leicht zur Kontrolle der Gesellschaft und deren Mitglieder mißbraucht werden. Die bis hierher vorgetragenen Argumente, nach denen ein latenter Zusammenhang zwischen der kapitalistischen Gesellschaft und dem faschistischen System besteht, werden erweitert durch eine zweite Assoziation, die sich an den Begriff "Seife" anschließen la¨ßt. Bo¨ll benutzt "Seife" zusammen mit "Goldza¨hne" ha¨ufigals Symbol fu¨r Grausamkeit, besonders diejenige der Konzentrationslager, und fu¨r die Verzerrung der Geschichte durch Vergessen und Leugnung. Dazu verweisen beide Motive auf eine Situation, in der sogar der unausweichliche und also erhabenen Tod zu einer Handelsware herabgewu¨rdigt wird. Das unvermittelte Auftreten des Wortes "Seife" am Ende der Satire, also an prominentester Stelle, legt die Interpretion nahe, daß Wunsiedels Fabrik fu¨r die Verbindung von kapitalistischer Industriegesellschaft, faschistischem Totalitarismus und einer zum System perfektionerten Grausamkeit (wie die der Konzentratinslager) steht. Die vorliegende Arbeit versteht diese kunze Satrie als Kritik an der kapitalistische Industriegesellschaft. Bo¨ll verweist in ihr auf die gefa¨hrliche Verbindung von Kapitalismus und der hinter ihm verborgenen Brutalita¨t des Faschismus. Vom heutigen Standpunkt aus gesehen beweist diese 1954 geschriebene Satire damit ho¨chste Aktualita¨t.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1997)

김재홍,문득곤,김정수,김용준,임동진,박상훈,김희성,이민수,송기훈,김갑형,김형석,성소영,이인섭,김석우,황지환,조창근,김경문,부태성 대한화학요법학회 2000 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods : For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results : In 1997. 99 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 45(45.5%) were PPNG. Conclusion : The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 45.5% in 1997.

Evaluation of ion implantation for anti-thrombogenic coronary stent in vitro and in vivo

Shim, Jae-Won,Bae, In-Ho,Park, Dae Sung,Lim, Kyung-Seob,Lee, So-Youn,Jang, Eun-Jae,Park, Jun-Kyu,Kim, Ju Han,Jeong, Myung Ho Elsevier 2017 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.54 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ion implantation on the surface of anti-thrombogenic coronary stent. Nitrogen (N) was implanted into the cobalt–chromium surface by using an ion source under a plasma environment to enhance its hardness and surface modification. The N ion dosage was 1×10<SUP>15</SUP> ions/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. All analysis results of the ion implanted stent were compared with those of bare metal stent. The N component and distribution were confirmed by auger electron spectroscopy. Microhardness was significantly increased after 40min of implantation (415.3±12.38 HV, 18.9±2.62%). The surface was altered to hydrophobic status through ion implantation (30.6±1.12% in contact angle increment). Platelet adhesion, and smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation were prevented in the ion implanted group (43.9%, 11.2%, and 45.1%, respectively). To verify the in vitro result, stents were implanted to rabbit iliac artery and isolated at 4 weeks post implantation. Then, the stents were subjected to histological analysis. No significant differences in injury score, internal elastic lamina, lumen area, and restenosis rate were found. However, the fibrin score was more significantly decreased in the ion beam-implanted group (2.5±0.15) than in the bare metal stent group (1.8±0.31, <I>n</I> =10, <I>p</I> <I><</I> 0.05). Taken together, ion beam implantation may be an efficient accessorial tool for preventing in-stent restenosis and in-stent thrombosis.</P>

가막만에 출현하는 동물플랑크톤의 종조성과 계절별 출현 양상

서호영,이인태,윤양호,최상덕,이삼노,한명일,김병섭,강윤호,이우범 한국환경생물학회 2002 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.20 No.2

가막만에 출현하는 동물플랑크톤을 계절별(2001년 4월, 7월, 9월, 12월)로 Norpac네트를 이용하여 수직 채집하였다. 우점적으로 출현한 분류군은 4월과 12월에 요각류, 7월에 요각류와 지각류,9월에 야광충이었다. 출현 개체수는 22~17,197indiv. m^-3으로 시·공간적으로 변동폭이 매우 컸다. 요각류의 우점종은 4월에 Euryte-mora pacifica, Acartio omorii, Cenfropages abdominalis, Colanus sinicus, 7월에 Lobidocera rofunda와 A. erythraea, 9월에 A. eryfhraea와 Paracalanus parvus s. l., 12월에 A. omorii와 E. pacifca로 주로 내만종으로 변하였다. 그러나, 9월에 외양종인 Eucalanus sp.와 Neo-calnus sp. 또한 다수 출현하였다. 이와 같은 출현 경향은 가막만이 폐쇄성 내만임에도 불구하고 동물플랑크톤의 분포 특성은 내만수 이외에 계절적으로 외만수의 영향을 강하게 받고 있음을 암시하고 있다. Zooplankton was sampled vertically with a Norpac net from Gamag Bay in April, July, September and December, 2001. Copepods were predominant in April and December, and cladocerans in July and Noctiluca scintillans in September, respectively. There are high spatio-temporal fluctuations in the abundance of zooplankton with a range of 22∼17,197 indiv./㎥. In the copepod community, neritic species, Eurytemora pacifica, Acartia omorii, Centropages abdominalis and Calanus sinicus were predominant in April; Labidocera rotunda and A. erythraea in July; A. erythraea and Paracalanus parvus s. l. in September; A. omorii and E. pacifica in December. However, oceanic species Eucalanus sp. and Neocalanus sp. were abundant in September. It indicates that although Gamag Bay is semi-closed, the distribution pattern of zooplankton is seasonally strongly affected by oceanic waters in addition to neritic ones.

Novel fabrication of microRNA nanoparticles-coated coronary stent for prevention of post-angioplasty restenosis

Hui-Lian Che,In-Ho Bae,Kyung-Seob Lim,Saji Uthaman,In Taek Song,이해신,이두환,김원종,Young Keun Ahn,박인규,Myung Ho Jeong 대한심장학회 2016 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.46 No.1

Background and Objectives: MicroRNA 145 is known to be responsible for cellular proliferation, and its enhanced expression reportedly inhibits the retardation of vascular smooth muscle cell growth specifically. In this study, we developed a microRNA 145 nanoparticle immobilized, hyaluronic acid (HA)-coated stent. Materials and Methods: For the gene therapy, we used disulfide cross-linked low molecular polyethylenimine as the carrier. The microRNA 145 was labeled with YOYO-1 and the fluorescent microscopy images were obtained. The release of microRNA 145 from the stent was measured with an ultra violet spectrophotometer. The downstream targeting of the c-Myc protein and green fluorescent protein was determined by Western blotting. Finally, we deployed microRNA 145/ssPEI nanoparticles immobilized on HA-coated stents in the balloon- injured external iliac artery in a rabbit restenosis model. Results: Cellular viability of the nanoparticle-immobilized surface tested using A10 vascular smooth muscle cells showed that MSN exhibited negligible cytotoxicity. In addition, microRNA 145 and downstream signaling proteins were identified by western blots with smooth muscle cell (SMC) lysates from the transfected A10 cell, as the molecular mechanism for decreased SMC proliferation that results in the inhibition of in-stent restenosis. MicroRNA 145 released from the stent suppressed the growth of the smooth muscle at the peri- stent implantation area, resulting in the prevention of restenosis at the post-implantation. We investigated the qualitative analyses of in- stent restenosis in the rabbit model using micro-computed tomography imaging and histological staining. Conclusion: MicroRNA 145-eluting stent mitigated in-stent restenosis efficiently with no side effects and can be considered a successful substitute to the current drug-eluting stent.