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Ultrafine particles: unique physicochemical properties relevant to health and disease
Hyouk-Soo Kwon,Min Hyung Ryu,Christopher Carlsten 생화학분자생물학회 2020 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.52 No.-
Ultrafine particles (UFPs) are aerosols with an aerodynamic diameter of 0.1µm (100nm) or less. There is a growing concern in the public health community about the contribution of UFPs to human health. Despite their modest mass and size, they dominate in terms of the number of particles in the ambient air. A particular concern about UFPs is their ability to reach the most distal lung regions (alveoli) and circumvent primary airway defenses. Moreover, UFPs have a high surface area and a capacity to adsorb a substantial amount of toxic organic compounds. Harmful systemic health effects of PM10 or PM2.5 are often attributable to the UFP fraction. In this review, we examine the physicochemical characteristics of UFPs to enable a better understanding of the effects of these particles on human health. The characteristics of UFPs from diesel combustion will be discussed in the greatest detail because road vehicles are the primary source of UFP emissions in urban pollution hotspots. Finally, we will elaborate on the role of UFPs on global climate change, since the adverse effects of UFPs on meteorological processes and the hydrological cycle may even be more harmful to human health than their direct toxic effects.
김혁수 ( Hyouk Soo Kim ),장윤수 ( Yun Su Jang ) 한국초등도덕교육학회 2014 초등도덕교육 Vol.0 No.44
이 논문은 초등학교 도덕교과에서 어린이철학의 가능성을 모색해보려는 목적에서 이루어졌다. 그러기위해 먼저 초등학교에서 철학교육의 필요성과 중요성을 언급하였고, 선행연구 현황을 탐색하면서 퇴계사상을 활용한 초등학교 철학교육의 가능성에 대해서 고찰하였다. 구체적 방법으로, ``자기주도적이고 합리적인 의사결정 능력배양``을 어린이철학의 주된 목표로 삼았으며, 퇴계사상 중에서도 이것을 가능하게 하는 활동들을 세 가지 분야로 구분하였다. 첫째 ``마당쓸기`` 영역에서는 ``자기주도적이고 합리적 의사결정``을 도울 수 있는 ``심리적`` 측면에 촛점을 맞추어서 활동을 하였다. 둘째, ``파고들기`` 영역에서는 옳음을 판단하는 ``인지적`` 과정에 촛점을 맞추었고, 이러한 능력을 키우기 위한 구체적 전략을 짜서 수업을 실시하였다. 셋째, 배워서 알게 된 것이 가치내면화 되어 그것을 생활 중에 꾸준히 실천하는 학(學)ㆍ행(行)의 일치성을 강조하였고, 마지막으로 학생들의 생활 속에서 이것이 얼마나 지속적으로 실행되고 있는지를 점검하였다. The purpose of this thesis is to know the possibility of the education of philosophy for the elementary school children in the moral education class. So I mentioned the necessity and importance of the philosophy education in the elementary school and studied the possibility of the philosophy education in the elementary school appling idea studying previous researches. With a specific way, I took the development of ability making a spontaneous and rational decision as a main purpose of the philosophy for the children. Through the Toegye``s idea I developed three parts that could help the philosophy for the children. First, in the part of ``sweeping the yard`` I focused the mentality of the students that could make a voluntary and rational decision. Second, in the part of ``digging up`` I focussed on the process of understanding which judged between the right and the wrong and I planed the class to practice this idea. Third, I put emphasis on practicing of knowing which is involved in daily life melting in one`s mind. Lastly, I checked out whether the children are practicing this idea continuously in their daily life.
Kwon, Hyouk-Soo,Lee, So-Hee,Yang, Min-Suk,Lee, Sang-Min,Kim, Sae-Hoon,Kim, Deok-In,Sohn, Seong-Wook,Park, Chang-Han,Park, Heung-Woo,Kim, Sun-Sin,Cho, Sang-Heon,Min, Kyung-Up,Kim, You-Young,Chang, Yoon The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2008 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.23 No.4
<P>The Asthma Control Test (ACT) is a patient-completed questionnaire developed to assess asthma control. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) in asthmatics has shown relatively low correlations with parameters of asthma control and the relationship between the ACT and HRQL in asthmatics is yet unclear. Because revalidations of translated versions of questionnaires are critical for its utilization, we first sought to validate the Korean version of ACT and then to evaluate the relationship between the ACT and HRQL. Patients (n=117) completed the ACT and asthma-related quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ) at 3 physician visits. Pulmonary function was measured and an asthma specialist rated asthma control. The Korean version of ACT was found to be reliable, valid, and responsive to changes in asthma control over time up to three consecutive visits. ACT scores correlated significantly (<I>p</I>=0.001) with symptoms domain (r=0.72), activity domain (r=0.65), emotional domain (r=0.69), and environmental domain (r=0.67) of AQLQ. In conclusion, the Korean version of the ACT was found to be a reliable and valid tool for measuring asthma control, and to correlate well with AQLQ scores. Moreover, the ACT was responsive to changes in AQLQ scores over time.</P>
Identification of subtypes of refractory asthma in Korean patients by cluster analysis.
Jang, An Soo,Kwon, Hyouk-Soo,Cho, You Sook,Bae, Yun Jeong,Kim, Tae Bum,Park, Jong Sook,Park, Sung Woo,Uh, Soo-Taek,Choi, Jae-Sung,Kim, Yong-Hoon,Hwang, Hyeon-Kyu,Moon, Hee-Bom,Park, Choon Sik Springer International 2013 Lung Vol.191 No.1
<P>Refractory asthma, a subtype of asthma with uncontrolled symptoms despite antiasthma medications, is a heterogeneous syndrome with variable clinical features, presumably different etiologies, and pathophysiological mechanisms. The heterogeneity of refractory asthma, however, is poorly understood. We aimed to characterize refractory asthma and to improve our understanding of the heterogeneity of refractory asthma patients. We identified refractory asthma patients (n = 96) as defined by the American Thoracic Society's criteria from a cohort of Korean asthma patients (n = 2,187). Then, cluster analysis was conducted to classify subtypes of refractory asthma. Among the study group, 4.4 % (n = 96) of all asthma patients had refractory asthma. Cluster analysis identified four distinct groups of refractory asthma. Age at onset was younger in clusters 1 and 2 than in clusters 3 and 4. Patients in cluster 1 had the most well-preserved pulmonary function; patients in cluster 2 had a female predominance and the most severe airway obstruction; patients in cluster 3 were mostly female and had the most enhanced bronchial hyperresponsiveness; and patients in cluster 4 were most male and tended to be cigarette smokers. The current results suggest that refractory asthma is a heterogeneous syndrome and could be classified into four subtypes. Underlying pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches may differ for the different subtypes and further research is needed.</P>