Natural Products , Organic Chemistry : Effect of Light , Temperature , and Shaking Speed on Production of Capsaicin in Suspension - Cultured Jalapeno Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L. )

(Kwon Bok Lee,(Cady Engler,(Jae E . Yang,(Shin Woo Lee,(Yong Ha Park 한국응용생명화학회 2001 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.44 No.2

Capsaicin synthesis by suspension cultured cells of Jalapeno pepper (Capcicum annuum L.) was assessed in vitro under various conditions including temperature (23 and 30℃), light intensity (with light and without light), and shaking speed (110 and 200 rpm).

Enhancement of Gene Delivery to Cancer Cells by a Retargeted Adenovirus

Oh Kwang Seok,Engler Jeffrey A.,Joung In Sil The Microbiological Society of Korea 2005 The journal of microbiology Vol.43 No.2

The inefficiency of in vivo gene transfer using currently available vectors reflects a major hurdle in cancer gene therapy. Both viral and non-viral approaches that improve gene transfer efficiency have been described, but suffer from a number of limitations. Herein, a fiber-modified adenovirus, carrying the small peptide ligand on the capsid, was tested for the delivery of a transgene to cancer cells. The fiber-modified adenovirus was able to mediate the entry and expression of a $\beta$-galactosidase into cancer cells with increased efficiency compared to the unmodified adenovirus. Particularly, the gene transfer efficiency was improved up to 5 times in OVCAR3 cells, an ovarian cancer cell line. Such transduction systems hold promise for delivering genes to transferrin receptor overexpressing cancer cells, and could be used for future cancer gene therapy.

Kinetic Models for Growth and Product Formation on Multiple Substrates

권윤중,Cady R. Engler 한국생물공학회 2005 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.10 No.6

Hydrolyzates from lignocellulosic biomass contain a mixture of simple sugars; the predominant ones being glucose, cellobiose and xylose. The fermentation of such mixtures to ethanol or other chemicals requires an understanding of how each of these substrates is utilized. Candida lusitaniae can efficiently produce ethanol from both glucose and cellobiose and is an attractive organism for ethanol production. Experiments were performed to obtain kinetic data for ethanol production from glucose, cellobiose and xylose. Various combinations were tested in order to determine kinetic behavior with multiple carbon sources. Glucose was shown to repress the utilization of cellobiose and xylose. However, cellobiose and xylose were simultaneously utilized after glucose depletion. Maximum volumetric ethanol production rates were 0.56, 0.33, and 0.003 g/L·h from glucose, cellobiose and xylose, respectively. A kinetic model based on cAMP mediated catabolite repression was developed. This model adequately described the growth and ethanol production from a mixture of sugars in a batch culture.

Effect of Strain Paths on Development of Shear Textures during Rolling in Aluminum Sheets

이계만,강형구,허무영,Olaf Engler 대한금속·재료학회 2010 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.16 No.5

Two different types of shear textures were observed in cold rolled aluminum sheets after normal rolling without lubrication and after asymmetrical rolling carried out with the upper and lower rolls running at different velocities. Finite element simulations showed that the formation of the different shear textures could be attributed to differences in the strain history during rolling. The development of shear textures was quantified by assuming various idealized strain paths in polycrystal-plasticity deformation texture simulations. The net shear accumulating during a rolling pass plays an important role in determining the type of the resulting shear texture.

Funtional Implications in Apoptosis by Interferon Inducible Gene Product 1-8D, the Binding Protein to Adenovirus Preterminal Protein

InsilJoung,PeterC.Angeletti,JeffreyA.Engler 한국미생물학회 2003 The journal of microbiology Vol.41 No.4

Adenovirus (Ad) precursor to the terminal protein (pTP) plays an essential roles in the viral DNA replication. Ad pTP serves as a primer for the synthesis of a new DNA strand during the initiation step of replication. In addition, Ad pTP forms organized spherical replication foci on the nuclear matrix (NM) and anchors the viral genome to the NM. Here we identified the interferon inducible gene product 1-8D (Inid) as a pTP binding protein by using a two-hybrid screen of a HeLa cDNA library. Of the clones obtained in this assay, nine were identical to the Inid, a 13-kDa polypeptide that shares homology with genes 1-8U and Leu-13/9-27, most of which have little known functions. The entire open reading frame (ORF) of Inid was cloned into the tetracycline inducible expression vector in order to determine the biological functions related with adenoviral infection. When Inid was introduced to the cells along with adenoviruses, fifty to sixty percent of Ad-infected cells expressing Inid had rounded morphology, which was suggestive of apoptosis. Results from the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and DNA fragmentation assays confirmed that Inid induces apoptosis in Ad-infected or in uninfected cells. The Inid binding to pTP may target the cell for apoptotic destruction as a host defense mechanism against the viral infection.

LCL Filter design for grid-connected NPC inverters in offshore wind turbines

Samuel Vasconcelos Araujo,Alfred Engler,Benjamin Sahan,Fernando Luiz Marcelo Antunes 전력전자학회 2007 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-

This paper deals with the analysis, design and optimization of a LCL filter topology to connect a 7MW NPC inverter to the grid. Following the requirements based on the IEEE 519-1992 recommendation and the German Guideline VDEW, simulation results were evaluated in order to access the performance of the proposed filter and the quality of the current injected into the grid.

Influence of Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Source on Immunosuppressive Compounds Production by Penicillium spp.

Stack,James P.,Engler,Cady R.,Albert,Carcia Ⅲ,Koh,Jeong-Sam 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1990 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.7 No.-

땅콩에서 分離한 곰팡이를 사용하여 免疫抑制活性을 갖는 抗菌性代謝産物의 生産을 위한 振揚培地條件을 檢討하였다. 耐熱性인 이 菌을 Penicillium citrinum var Pa-6으로 同定하였으며, 窒素源을 制限한 培地에서 35℃, 2주간 培養에서 最大의 抗菌作用을 나타냈다. 最適培地組成을 檢査한 結果, 1.5% 칼락토스와 0.5% 포도당을 炭素源으로 하여 C/N비율이 50이 되도록 0.046% NH₄NO₃를 窒素源으로 添加하고, 10mM 無機隣酸과 無機鹽類를 少量 첨가한 培地였다. 또한 페닐알라닌, 글루타민 또는 타이로신과 같은 몇 종류의 아미노산을 添加함으로써 抗菌作用은 배양중에 빨리 나타남을 알 수 있었다. Cultural conditions of shake-flask culture for the production of antimicrobial metabolites containing immunosuppressive activities by fungi isolated from peanut seeds were investigated. The thermotolerant stain, identified as Penicillium citrinum var Pa-6, produced maximum antimicrobial metabolites at 35℃ after 2 weeks on nitrogen-limiting medium. According to cultural conditions, optimum medium compositions for antimicrobial metabolites production were defind as follws; 1.5% of galactose with 0.5% dextrose, 0.046$ NH₄NO₃(C/N ratio 50), 10mM of Pi and trace elements. The expression of antimicrobial actvities were appeared sooner than control during cultivation with the addition of some amino acid such as phenylalanine, glutamine or tyrosine.

Kinetic Models for Growth and Product Formation on Multiple Substrates

Kwon, Yun-Joong,Engler, Cady R. The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2005 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.10 No.6

Hydrolyzates from lignocellulosic biomass contain a mixture of simple sugars; the predominant ones being glucose, cellobiose and xylose. The fermentation of such mixtures to ethanol or other chemicals requires an understanding of how each of these substrates is utilized. Candida lusitaniae can efficiently produce ethanol from both glucose and cellobiose and is an attractive organism for ethanol production. Experiments were performed to obtain kinetic data for ethanol production from glucose, cellobiose and xylose. Various combinations were tested in order to determine kinetic behavior with multiple carbon sources. Glucose was shown to repress the utilization of cellobiose and xylose. However, cellobiose and xylose were simultaneously utilized after glucose depletion. Maximum volumetric ethanol production rates were 0.56, 0.33, and 0.003 g/L h from glucose, cellobiose and xylose, respectively. A kinetic model based on cAMP mediated catabolite repression was developed. This model adequately described the growth and ethanol production from a mixture of sugars in a batch culture.

Enhancement of Gene Delivery to Cancer Cells by a Retargeted Adenovirus

오광석,Jeffrey A. Engler,정인실 한국미생물학회 2005 The journal of microbiology Vol.43 No.2

The inefficiency of in vivo gene transfer using currently available vectors reflects a major hurdle in cancer gene therapy. Both viral and non-viral approaches that improve gene transfer efficiency have been described, but suffer from a number of limitations. Herein, a fiber-modified adenovirus, carrying the small peptide ligand on the capsid, was tested for the delivery of a transgene to cancer cells. The fiber-modified adenovirus was able to mediate the entry and expression of a β-galactosidase into cancer cells with increased efficiency compared to the unmodified adenovirus. Particularly, the gene transfer efficiency was improved up to 5 times in OVCAR3 cells, an ovarian cancer cell line. Such transduction systems hold promise for delivering genes to transferrin receptor overexpressing cancer cells, and could be used for future cancer gene therapy.

Measurement of Viable Cell Number in Mixed Culture Based on Microbial Respiration Rate

Veljkoic, V.B.,Kwon, Yun Joong,Engler, C.R. 한국산업미생물학회 1992 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.20 No.6

혼합배양중의 각 미생물의 생균수 측정은 순수배양보다 훨씬 복잡하다. 특히 두 균주의 크기가 비슷한 경우에는 사용할 수 있는 방법이 더 제한된다. 본 연구에서는 두 균의 크기가 비슷한 경우에도 적용될 수 있는 간단한 생균수 측정방법을 개발하였다. 미생물 배양액의 산소흡수속도(OUR)는 세포수에 비례하며 이때의 비례상수인 최대 비산소흡수속도(maximum specific OUR)를 알고 있으면 배양액의 OUR을 측정함으로써 간접적으로 생균수를 구할 수 있게 된다. 혼합배양의 경우 산소흡수속도는 각 미생물의 호흡속도의 합이 되며, 각 미생물의 호흡속도가 서로 다르고 또한 온도의존성이 다르다면 호흡 속도의 측정을 이용하여 각 생균수를 간접적으로 측정할 수 있다. 산소흡수속도는 시가에 따른 용존산소 농도의 변화를 DO probe를 이용하여 측정하여 구했으며, 최대 비산소흡수속도는 plate count에 의한 생균수와 OUR의 직선관계의 기울기에서 구했다. C. lusitaniae의 최대 비산소흡수속도는 20과 30℃에서 각각 1.36×exp(-19)과 3.90×exp(-9), P. tannophilus는 20과 30 ℃에서 각각 0.59×exp(-9)와 1.86×exp(-9)[(%/s)/(cells)/㎖]]이었다. 이들 값을 이용하여 계산한 혼하배양액 중의 두 효모의 생균수와 서로 다른 배지를 이용하여 plate count로 측정한 생균수와의 관계는 상관계수 0.98로서 비교적 잘 일치되었다. A simple method to determine viable cell numbers of each species in mixed culture was developed. The oxygen uptake rate (OUR) equals to the product of the specific OUR and the size of the microbial population. In a mixed culture, the OUR is a result of the respiration activities of each sub-population. The OUR was determined from the slope of the linear relationship between time and the decrease of dissolved oxygen concentration when aeration was stopped. The specific OUR was calculated from the slope of the viable cell number versus OUR curve. These values for C. lusitaniae at 20 and 30℃ were 1.36×exp(-19) and 3.90×exp(-9) and those for P. tannophilus at 20 and 30℃ were 0.59×exp(-19) and 1.86×exp(-9) [(%/s)/(cells/㎖)], respectively. Using these values, viable cell numbers were calculated after the OURs of mixed culture at two temperatures were measured. A good agreement between the viable cell numbers determined by this method and by plate count was obtained.