http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
전자결제상의 문제점에 관한 연구 - 국제대금결제를 중심으로
최석범(Seok-Beon Choi) 한국인터넷전자상거래학회 2001 인터넷전자상거래연구 Vol.1 No.1
In virtue of the digital revolution, Electronic Commerce and Electronic Payment have a profound influence on the global trade and revolutionize the way of doing business and making payment. Since the introduction of Internet, an increasing share of business transactions occurs online. electronic payment is indispensable for the streamlining of the electronic commerce, as electronic payment plays the important role in the electronic commerce and global electronic trading, that is to say, the value transfer resulting from the electronic commerce.<br/> So far, the studies on global electronic payment are in regard to TradeCard System and Electronic Letter of Credit based on the Bolero System. So, this paper deals with the problems and solutions of the global electronic payment under TradeCard and Electronic Letter of Credit. The purpose of this paper is to streamline the global electronic payment playing a important role in the global trading.
퍼지 kNN과 Conditional FCM을 이용한 퍼지 RBF의 설계
노석범(Roh Seok-Beon),오성권(Oh Sung-Kwun) 대한전기학회 2009 전기학회논문지 Vol.58 No.6
The performance of Radial Basis Function Neural Networks depends on setting up the Radial Basis Functions over the input space which are the important design procedure of Radial Basis Function Neural Networks. The existing method to initialize the location of the radial basis functions over the input space is to use the conditional fuzzy C-means clustering. However, the researchers which are interested in the conditional fuzzy C-means clustering cannot get as good modeling performance as they expect because the conditional fuzzy C-means clustering cannot project the information which is extracted over the output space into the input space. To compensate the above mentioned drawback of the conditional fuzzy C-means clustering, we apply a fuzzy K-nearest neighbors approach to project the auxiliary information defined over the output space into the input space without lose of the information.
강태석,김종민,서경원,김영옥,김준규,오재호,이윤동,김규봉,오정자,송연정,임종준,전범석,문전옥,최광식 식품의약품안전청 2000 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.4 No.-
MPTP 독성물질이 도파민성 신경세포에 선택적으로 작용하여 산화성 손상에 의한 신경세포사를 일으키는 것을 이용하여 파킨슨병의 동물모델을 만들고, 이를 통해서 아폼토시스를 비롯한 포사의 기전에 대한 연구 및 너코틴의 신경세포 보호효과 여부를 판정하는 실험을 병행하고자 하였다. 파킨슨꾐의 동물모델을 MPTf 독성 물질을 이용하여 확립하였으며, MPTP(30mgag, i.p.)를 투여한 후 1, 2,3, 4, 5일째 흑질 조직을 채춰하여 tarm로 박걸하여 tyrosine hydroxylase 면역조직화학염색을 수행하여 cell countif우한 결과, control은 57.635ce11s, 1일째 친.OfDells,2일째 57.9±6cells,3일릴 없.3±죠ells, 4일째 49.0츠3cells, 5일째 39.4±Scells료 4, 3일째 뚜렷한 신경세포 수의 감소를 보였다. 신경세포사 기전 규명을 위한 아폼토시스 분걱에서는 벼PTP 투여 후 1, 2, 3, 4, 5일째 조직을 채취하여 Hoechst staining, TUNEL staining을 수곡하였는데 양성 반응을 보인 신경세포는 관찰되지 않아. 아폼토시스로 인한 세포사가 관찰되지 않았다. bIPTP 파킨슨병 동물모델에서 nicotine 보호효과 탐색에 관한 실험은 nicat푸e 0.2mgAg을 5일 퐁안 투여 후 리『fP(30mgag)를 CS7Bt/6 마은스에 복강 내주사로 nicotine과 병용 투여한 후 1, 2, 3, 4, 5일째 뇌를 적출하땄다. 신경세포사가 뚜렷이 관찰되기 시작하는 4, 5일째의 신경세포 수의 감소 정도를 20. 30% 정도 약화시키는 경향을 보였으나, nicotine 보호효과에 대한 추가 실헝이 현재 수행 중에 있다. The cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) is largely unknown. However, free radical toxicit? may plaf a role ip. the degeneration of substantia nigra, which is the Hajorfocus of pathological damages in PD. Recently, a neuroprotective effect of nicotine in PD has been suggested. Therefore, the mechanism of neurodegenerafion and protective potential o( nicotine in PD were investigated in the experimental modeB of Pll using a neurotoxin, C57BL/6mice were administered with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 30 mg/kg,j.p.). The degree of neurodegenerafion was determined by immunohistochemical stainiHB oftyrosine hydroxylase (TH). TH-positive cells on nigral sections were found 56.0 ±4, 57.9 ±6,52.315ce11s, 49.0±3cells, and 39,4±Scells at days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, respectively (controls : 57.6±Scells). Hoechst and TUNEL staining showed no evidence of apoptosis. The exandnation on themice co-adrunistered with nicotine(0.2mgAg) and MPTP(30mgag) revealed a tendency ofnicotine protective effects. At days 4 and 5, the degree of TH-positive cells was decreased by20-30%, In corclusiffn, the role of apoptosis was not evidenced in this MPTP modeB of PB.The possible proteccon by nicotine should be elucidated with further studies.
이달의 X-선 : 중심정맥카테터 삽입의 이상위치로 발생한 편측성 흉수 1례
김재석 ( Jae Seok Kim ),김상하 ( Sang Ha Kim ),이낙원 ( Nak Won Lee ),권우철 ( Woo Cheol Kwon ),최훈 ( Hun Choi ),변종원 ( Jong Won Beon ),홍태원 ( Tae Won Hong ),신계철 ( Kye Chul Shin ),용석중 ( Suk Joong Yong ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2006 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.60 No.6
중심정맥카테터 삽입 후 생길 수 있는 드문 합병증 중에 하나인 흉수 발생은 카테터와 관련된 혈관벽의 손상을 흉수 발생의 기전으로 설명하고 있다. 저자들은 우측 쇄골하정맥으로 이어지는 이상혈관 내로 카테터가 위치한 후 혈관 파열로 인하여 발생한 흉수 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Central venous catheterization is used to provide a large amount of fluid, total parenteral nutrition and to administer antitumor agents with few complications reported. We report an uncommon case of pleural effusion that occurred after central venous catheterization. In many cases, the mechanism for the pleural effusion after central venous catheterization occurs through an injury to the superior vena cava by the continuous mechanical force of the catheter tip, the flow of large amount of fluid and an osmotic injury to the wall of the vein. This case is somewhat different in that the central catheter was placed in an aberrant vessel resulting in the pleural effusion. A post-placement chest roentgenogram and the correct approach of catheterization are important for preventing this complication. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2006; 60: 690-693)
BIS 감시 하 기관 내 삽관 시 Lidocaine 의 진정 효과와 심혈관계 안정성
이종석,심규대,심연희,정장환,남상범 대한마취과학회 2002 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.42 No.2
Background : Lidocaine's sedative effect has not been known well. The purpose of this study was to evaluate its sedative and cardiovascular effects during induction of anesthesia. Methods : Twenty patients were randomly allocated to group Ⅰ or Ⅱ, with or without lidocaine 1.5 ㎎/㎏ intravenously (IV) before induction, respectively. The BIS, blood pressure and heart rate were measured at before and 2 minutes after lidocaine IV injection, preintubation, and 1, 2, 3 and 5 minutes after tracheal intubation. The enflurane concentrations were continuously maintained at 2 volume%. Results : The BIS of group Ⅰ was more decreased at 1 and 2 minutes after intubation than those of group Ⅱ. The systolic blood pressures of group Ⅰ were less increased at 1 and 2 minutes after intubation than those of group Ⅱ. the diastolic blood pressures and heart rates of group Ⅰ were not different from those of group Ⅱ at each stage of the procedure. Conclusions : Lidocaine reduced BIS and blunted the intubation-induced systolic hypertensive response. In addition it is thought that it has a sedative effect and is effective to maintain cardiovascular stability after tracheal intubation. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2002; 42: 161~166)
Lee, Weon-Tae,Jang, Ji-Uk,Kim, Dong-Myeong,Son, Ho-Sun,Yang, Beon-Seok Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 1998 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.31 No.1
$p16^{INK4}$, which is a 16-kDa polypeptide protein, inhibits the catalytic activity of the CDK4-cyclinD complex to suppress rumor growth. Both unlabeled and isotope-labeled human tumor suppressor $p16^{INK4}$ protein were overexpressed and purified to characterize biochemical and structural properties. The purified p16 binds to monomeric GST-CDK4 and exists in a monomer conformation for several weeks at $4^{\circ}C$. The circular dichroism (CD) data indicates that p16 contains high percentage of ${\alpha}$-helix and that the helix percentage maximized at pH value of 7.0. One-and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data suggest that purified p16 from our construct has a unique folded conformation under our experimental conditions and exhibits quite stable conformational characteristics.