국내 식중독 보고 및 관리체계의 문제점 및 개선방안

문혜경 창원대학교 생활과학연구소 2002 생활과학연구 Vol.- No.6

In this study, problems in reporting and management system of foodborne disease in Korea were reviewed and improvement plans were suggested. Problems in reporting system were low safety recognition on foodborne disease, delays in outbreak report, lowest standard patient number for outbreak report and patient's own payment of microbiological examination cost. Problems in management system were absence of epidemiological expert, limitation of microbiological methodology, absence of foodborne disease management department and insufficient guideline of reporting and management system. Improvement plans for each problem were discussed. Amongst the discussion, changing the lowest standard patient number from current 5 to 2 patients, integrating foodborne disease management authorities into one department, setting up of guidelines are priority matters to promote public health and prevent foodborne disease. Those surveillance programs of foodborne disease such as FoodNet and PlusNet by American CDC need to be implemented in Korea without delays.

통합적 미술감상활동이 유아의 공격성에 미치는 영향

문은경,박혜원 울산대학교 2004 생활과학논문집 Vol.6 No.1

울산광역시에 소재한 한 유치원에 재원 중인 4세 유아 30명을 대상으로 통합적 미술감상활동을 12주 실시하여 공격성에 미치는 영향을 사전검사, 처치, 사후검사설계를 사용하여 일반 미술활동만 수행한 통제집단(N=30)과 비교하였다. 대인공격성(p<.001), 대물공격성(p<.001), 언어공격성(p<.001) 모두에서 실험집단의 아동이 통제집단의 유아보다 통합적 미술감상활동후 유의한 공격성 감소를 나타냈다. 통합적 미술감상활동은 일반 미술활동보다 감정이입과 정서적 민감성을 증진시키는 것으로 해석되었다. This paper hypothesized that children who are given the integrated art appreciation activities will show less aggressive behavior (to objects, to other persons, and verbal aggression) in a meaningful way compared to those who did not have the integrated art appreciation activities. Sixty four-year-olds in Y kindergarten in Ulsan (30 in the experimental group, 30 in the control group) were tasted with Kim, Soo-hyang’s aggression behavior test(1993) based upon Thome(1997) before and after the 12 week integrated art appreciation activities. The results revealed that the experimental group who had the integrated art appreciation activities showed significantly less aggressive behaviour to objects, other persons and less verbal attack compared to the control group(p<.001). The integrated art appreciation activities seemed to better enhance the empathy and emotional sensitivity compared to the regular art activities.

식품의약품안전청 지정 HACCP 적용 위탁급식소의 HACCP system 조사

문혜경 한국조리과학회 2003 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.19 No.1

The purpose of the study was to investigate the HACCP systems of contract foodservice establishments by surveying HACCP plans and prerequisite programs from the twelve HACCP-implemented contract foodservice establishments appointed by KFDA All the subjects (100%) appeared to develop HACCP plans with their own hazard analysis. Except the two giving no response, it turned out that two establishments had 2 CCPs (20%), four had 4-5 CCPs (40%) and another four had 9 CCPs (40%). Especially, 'cleaning and sanitizing of raw vegetables and fruits (90%)' and 'cooking (temperature) (100%)' were monitored as CCPs by all the subjects. Only one subject (8.3%) answered that continuous monitoring was not conducted. But the verification, record keeping and internal audits were maintained by all the subjects (100%). Most of the surveyed foodservice establishments maintained various prerequisite programs enough to back up HACCP system.

그리스 사회에서 신화의 기능

문혜경 한국서양고대역사문화학회 ( 구 한국서양고대사학회 ) 2002 서양고대사연구 Vol.10 No.-

The Greek myth is not meant to be an explanation but rather a presentation of something which can not be explained. A myth is a tale in that it is a dramatic narrative. A myth is a narrative which discloses a sacred world. Myths were not intended as speculation or even mere stories because they were functional, woven into the concrete lives of a people, myths established social and educational values ; prescribed daily tasks and ceremonial responses ; inspired painting, sculpture, music, dance, poetry, and architecture or gave meaning to birth, maturation, marriage, and death. Thus myths shaped the cultural life of a society. Greek myths told the story of Greek existence. It was the Greeks myth that led to the discovery of the glories of the Bronze Age. The great cycles of myths, then, belong to the main centres of Mycenaean culture. The Greeks talked about the traditional tales of gods and heroes. They were regarded as containing important elements of truth at least until the time of Plato. Greek deities are powers which blend cosmic, social, and human features in such a way that these features cannot be strictly distinguished. The pluralism of Greek myths expresses the acute sense of worldliness reflect in early Greek culture. The essence of myth is something different from the aims of rationality and science. For Greek myth to be a primitive form of science. Therefore the Greeks have believed in myths their lives have been guided and shaped by myths. But the Greek philosophers criticized traditional myths in the light of rationality. Since myth is in principle nonobjective, nonrational, and nonempirical. Nevertheless Greek philosophy was completely free of myth, it simply re-formed much of its mythical origins. A broader band of myths was now depicted on vases and on the mural paintings that they often imitated. The great temples - those of Aphaia on Aigina, of Zeus at Olympia and the Parthenon - were lavishly decorated with scenes from myth. And mythology was almost the exclusive source of plots for the tragedians in Athens.(Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides) They created and transmitted myths orally, ends were served by the continual repetition of the old tales. And by their constant re-working, for new conditions were always intruding. The myth-making process did not stop in the eighth century, myth-making continued. It is transmitted from one generation to the next, partly by the ordinary process of living in society, without any conscious effort. Myths are not uniform, logical and internally consistent ; they are multiform, imaginative and loose in their details. It is a communication between coevals and also between older and younger, and between generations. It is difficult for us, living as we do in an age of super-literacy, but also dominated by the media and by advertising, to envisage a way of life in which the only forms of mass-communication are ritual. Thus Greek myths are exclusively concerned with society. Its function bearers of important messages about life in general and life within society in particular. There is no material evidence for sanctuary activity before B. C. 800 and nothing to indicate that oracular divination was practised at Delphi before the eighth century. The Delphic oracle was undoubtedly the most prestigious in the Greek world. The idea that the oracle was essentially an irrational and anomalous phenomenon has a long history. And rests upon the tradition that prophecy was transmitted by an inspired priestess who went into a trance after inhaling vapours from a chasm in the ground. The oracle and state governments is - between the irrational and the rational- fundamentally to misrepresent the nature and function of divination in the Greek world. Oracular divination at Delphi was instituted towards the end of the eighth century as a tool to help the authorities of emerging states to deal with unprecedented problems ; divination thus as a means of legitimising the gradual introduction of social change whilst apparently maintaining basic community values, the actions of consultor states. The Delphic oracle was firmly rooted in the developing religious structure of early states, and continued to operate within the conventional framework of Greek religion. Mythical identity include ritual identification. Even our age of extensive objectification, quantification, and mechanization can be seen to be guided by certain mythical motifs. We usually encounter Greek myths as a form of literature. Moreover Greek myths embody a full cultural life and stem from genuine experiences of the sacred.

한국 정상인에서 연령에 따른 뇌혈류분포와 혈류예비능의 변화 : Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT 에 의한 연구

문대혁,이희경,송호천,이재태,범희승,손혜경,정환정,민정준,김지열 대한핵의학회 1999 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.33 No.3

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the normal values of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) in normal children to aged volunteers using Tc-99m HMPAO. Materials and Methods: Thirty four right-handed normal volunteers (20 males, 14 females, mean age 40.3±24.9 years, range 4 to 82 years) were underwent rest/acetazolamide (ACZ) brain SPECT using Tc-99m HMPAO and the sequential injection and subtraction method. rCBF was estimated on the basis of a semiquantitative approach by means of right/left ratio, region/cerebellum and region to whole brain ratios in frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, basal ganglia, thalami, and cerebellum. CVR was measured by means of % perfusion increase calculated as % mean count change compared to rest rCBF in each regions. Results: Mean values of right to left ratios range from 1.004 to 1.018. rCBF was highest in cerebellum and lowest in basal ganglia and thalami. Frontal and temporal rCBF decreased while occipital and thalami rCBF increased according to age. No sexual difference of rCBF was noted. Mean CVR was 29.9±12.9%. Mean CVR significantly increased to late teens, and declined thereafter. After 6th decade, CVR in both frontal lobes, left parietal lobe and right basal ganglia decreased significantly with advancing age. There was no sexual difference of CVR. Conclusion: Quantitative assessment of CVR was possible by ACZ Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT. It revealed that rCBF and CVR changed according to age in normal Korean volunteers. There was no sexual difference.

골밀도 검사에서 골다공증의 관련인자 분석

김혜완,김희상,안경회,김덕윤,이규훈,황치문 大韓再活醫學會 1999 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.23 No.1

교원의 교원능력개발평가 결과, 인구학적 특성과 전문성 인식의 관계

박지혜,이경란,문은주 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2015 교육과학연구 Vol.46 No.4

This study aimed to provide useful information by investigating the relationships between the results of teacher evaluation for professional development, teachers’ demographic characteristics, and their perception of expertise. Among those who participated in the survey asking teachers’ perception of the 2014 teacher evaluation for professional development, the data from 1,622 teachers in the upper and lower limits of one standard deviation of teacher peer evaluation and student satisfaction were used. Study findings were as follows. First, statistically significant and positive correlations existed between teacher evaluation results and teachers’perception of expertise. Second, female teachers, those whose career spanned 5-15 years, elementary teachers perceived their expertise higher than those of male teachers, those whose careers did not span 5-15 years, and middle and high school teachers. Third, mean scores of expertise perception of teachers who had high scores on peer evaluation and student satisfaction were higher than those of other groups. Last, providing information to parents and appropriate evaluation were the key factors distinguishing those who had high scores on teacher evaluation and student satisfaction from those had high scores on teacher evaluation and low scores on student satisfaction. In addition, providing information to parents was the key factor differentiating those who had high scores on teacher evaluation and student satisfaction from those who had low scores on both teacher evaluation and student satisfaction. The significance of these study results was discussed along with limitations and suggestions for future research studies.

고전기 아테네 여성과 재산

문혜경 경희대학교 인문학연구소 2000 인문학연구 Vol.4 No.-

Marrige in Athens was a contract between the bride's father and the groom. Along with the wedding went the responsibility of providing a dowry. The dowry was the attraction of a suitable husband. A dowry commensurate with the father's economic status be provided for a woman's maintenance. The only legal obligation that the groom acquired toward the wife upon receipt of the dowry was her maintenance, for which he was responsible as long as he held it. During the marriage this obligation cannot have meant very much, since it was the normal duty of a man to feed his wife and all the other members of his household. A woman's dowry was to remain intact throughout her guardian. Upon marriage, the dowry passed from the guardianship of the father to that of the groom. The groom could use the principal but was required to maintain his wife from the income of her dowry, computed at 18% annually. But upon divorce, the husband was required to return the dowry to ex-wife's guardian, or pay interest at 18%. In Athens families in which a son was lacking, the daughers were responsible for perpetuating the oikos. In such a family the daughter was regarded as attached to the family property; hence her name epikleros. The only legal restrains on the husband of his wife's property were those connected with her dowry, and her only protection aganist having her money spent by a profligate husband came from her male relatives. This was hardly direct control of her property. The protection of her estate was managed by placing it in the hands of its heirs, who thereupon became responsible for their mother's maintenance, just as they would have been if they were in possession of her dowry. In the Athens law, the agreement of the kyrios was reguired for all transactions, a woman could do almost anything as long as she had his approval. Only exchange and disposal of property required the man's consent. But women might make sales in the marketplace that were above their legal capacity. Women in Athens law could not exercised an economic function. But in the real life, they must have been the great influence on household economy.

스파르타 여성과 결혼

문혜경 경희대학교 인문학연구소 2001 인문학연구 Vol.5 No.-

The Sparta social system founded on ago´ge´. The Spartan ideology was founded on a gesture of loyalty to the polis as against the oikos. The Spartan girl was given physical education, as described by Xenophon in the Lacedaemonion Politeia(2.7-9, 3.1-5). The girls participated in common dances and choirs, running, wrestling. They also learnt how to manage horses. Like males, girls may have taken part in athletic events in the nude, even in front of mixed audiences. The girls' athletic events were often a part of cult practice, and that some of them took place during all-female ritual occasions. But the girls' training differed from the boys' training. All male Spartans were educated to become warriors. The training concerns only the unmarried girls. Their training has a purpose, procreation of vigorus son. After marriage, Spartan wives cease to train their bodies. The Spartan wives spend their lives managing their households and tending their children. The purpose of the physical side of a Spartan girl's education may, then, have been to cultivate eugenic strength. The girls were married in Sparta at their prime. The girls married at the age when their brothers became fully adult warriors, probably at eighteen - twenty years. Some of the marrige practices considered, such as monogamy, hypergamy and close-kin marriage, are attested through episodes dating as early as the mid-sixth century. Wife-borrowing and polyandry become apparent only in sources writing in the fourth century or later. Close-kin marriage had the advantage that not only did it ensure that the amount og property brought by the bride was consonant with the status and wealth of the groom and his parents, but it also retained the property of a kinswoman within the kin. Close-kin marriage was especially important to the royal house which were the richest and most prestigious lineages in Sparta. The Spartan marriage custom consisted of two parts: the seizure of the bride and the girl was dressed in man's clothing, her hair was cut such as man's hair. Also the Spartan marriage practice is described that an old man married to a young woman can introduce into his home a youner man to impregnate his wife. In other words, A man who does not want marriage can borrow another man's wife and have children by her. The purpose of this practice was to give heirs to a man who could not procreate. Because the Spart women's principal task was to give birth to warriors. Aristotle criticized the Spartan system of land-tenure, which permitted women to own land and to manage their own property. Sparta's power declined in the fourth century, and Aristotle felt that the distribution of weath among women was at least partly responsible. He pointed out that a man's continual absence in military service, eating and sleeping in the barracks with his fellow soldiers, and going away for lengthy campaigns, affected family relationships and women's status. Aristtle's criticisms only apply to rich women. These women were queens or mothers of queens, women of the royal families. In ancient Athens and some other Greek states women were not permitted to own land or to manage substantial amounts of wealth. The women of Spartan occupied an integral place in Spartan society as a whole, and were absorbed into a state. The interaction between private(oikos) and public life(polis) would have created for women an institutionalised position that in some senses liberated and in others constrained them. It should not be forgotten that this unusual system was dependent on the subordination of a maiority of the population, the Helots, half of whom were women. The real significance of the Spartan flows from their integral place withan the structure of Spartan society as a whole.

초등학교 고학년 학생의 구강보건에 관한 인식 및 행동

김영경,문혁수,정재연,한수진,이병진,김은경,정혜련 韓國學校保健學會 2001 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study was to collect basic data for the development of effective oral health education program in elementary school. The subjects in this study were 604 fourth-year, fifth-year and sixth-year students of an elementary school in Seoul. Oral health awareness and behaviors were surveyed and analyzed. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. The most common time for toothbrushing was after dinner(62.0%) and before bedtime(62.3%). By school year, the largest number who brushed their teeth after dinner were fourth and fifth graders while the greatest number who did so after breakfast were sixth graders Seventy-four percent of respondents brushed the teeth twice or more a day. By school year, the fifth-year students brushed their teeth the least while girls outperformed the boys in daily toothbrushing frequency(p<0.05). Regarding the intake of cariogenic food, 62.1% took that kind of food once or more a day. By school year, the fifth graders took the most (p<0.05), and girls took more cariogenic food than the boys(p<0.05). 2. Ninety percent of the respondents had visited a dental clinic. By grade, the sixth-year students had visited a dental clinic more frequently and girls more frequently than boys. Eighty percent of the respondents visited a dental clinic to receive treatment but just 12.3% visited a dental clinic to prevent oral diseases. Concerning the fetor of dental treatment only 14.4% expressed fear. School year made no difference, yet the percentage of girls who experienced fear was higher than that of boys(P<0.05). Regarding preventive treatment, 39.7% experienced pit and fissure sealing and 24.2% experienced the application of fluorides. All the students hadn't much experience in preventive treatment regardless of school year -- gender didn't make a difference. 3. Fourty-six percent of respondents had a preference for the fluoride mouth rinsing program; 38.4% wanted that grogram to continue. As to the reason for preference, 38.2% preferred it because of the prevention of dental caries, 43.0%, the largest percentage, didn't favor it because they found it too much trouble to do(some of the respondents gave two different answers). 4. Despite an increase in the frequency of toothbrushing at the right time, they still took cariogenic food frequently Their visit to a dental clinics also aimed at treatment more than at prevention, and they had very narrow experience of preventive treatment. Furthermore, the fluoride mouth rinsing program failed to draw their interest. Therefore, it is recommended that a successful real health education program should be developed.