유해성분 분석에 관한 연구 : 주류중 urethane, 2-phenylethanol 및 methanol 함량 Urethane, 2-phenylethanol and methanol in some alcoholic beverages

윤태보,박혜경,이윤동,한상배,문춘선,정혜윤,박희라,유순영,이선옥,최용훈,김희선,이경진,전영배,문성심,정태영 식품의약품안전청 1997 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.1 No.-

줄룬의 식품위생적 안전성과 팎켠하여 주류중에 존재하는 urethane, 2-phenylethanol 밋 methanol 합량 분석을 하고, 돌연변이원성 시험을 통하여 유해 가능성을 화인하고자 하였파. Urethane 및 2-Phenylethanol은 GC-MSD로 분석하였고, methanol은 GC-FID로 분석하였으며, 이들 물질의 변이원성을 지헝하기 위하여 세균에 대한 505 chromotest 및 Ames test를 실시하였다. 실험 결과 urethane은 29중의 시료에서 모듯 불검출이었고, 3-phenylethanol은 6~103ppin으로 검출되었으며, methauol은 0~195ppm으로 모두 식품공전상 규제농도 이하of 었다. Urethane 및 2-phonyhano쎄 대한 돌떤변이원성 실험 결과 변이원으로 알려진 4-NqO와 MNNG에 비해서 각각 75,000배, 3,750해와 낮은 변이월성을 나타내었다. 따라서 상기 결과로 볼 매, 본 실험에서 분석한 주류중의 urethane, 2-phenylethanol 및 methanol에 대한 유괘성은 거의 문레시 되지 않을 것으로 관단되었다. In the present study. we investigated the content of urethane, 2-phenylethanol and methauol in some alcoholic beverages and conducted the mutagenic test to establish the food safety. The content of urethane and 2-phenylethanol was determined by GC-MSD and the methanol was analysed by GC-FID. The SOS chroxnotest and Ames test were also conducted to determine the mutagenicity of urethane and 2-phenylethanol. As results, the urethane was not detected in all of the 29 samples, and the levels of 2-phenylethanel were determined as 6~103ppm in this study. The methanol content of these samples was analyze4 as O~195ppm below the guideline of regulation. In the mutagenic test of urethane ana 2-phenylethanol, the mutagenicity of urethane and 2-phenylethanol was 75,000 times and 3,750 times lower than 4-NQO and MNNG, respectively. From these results, toxicity caused by these materials could to be disregared in some alcoholic beverages.

Urethane anesthesia depresses activities of thalamocortical neurons and alters its response to nociception in terms of dual firing modes

Huh, Yeowool,Cho, Jeiwon Frontiers Media S.A. 2013 Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience Vol.7 No.-

<P>Anesthetics are often used to characterize the activity of single neurons <I>in vivo</I> for their advantages such as reduction of noise level and convenience in noxious stimulations. Urethane has been a widely used anesthetic in thalamic studies under the assumption that sensory signals are still relayed to the thalamus under urethane anesthesia and that thalamic response would therefore reflect the response of the awake state. We tested this assumption by comparing thalamic activity in terms of tonic and burst firing modes during “the awake state” or under “urethane anesthesia” using the extracellular single unit recording technique. We first tested how thalamic relay neurons respond to the introduction of urethane, and then tested how urethane influences thalamic discharges under formalin-induced nociception. Urethane significantly depressed overall firing rates of thalamic relay neurons, which was sustained despite the delayed increase of burst activity over a 4 h recording period. Thalamic response to nociception under anesthesia was also similar overall except for the slight and transient increase of burst activity. Overall, results demonstrated that urethane suppresses the activity of thalamic relay neurons and that, despite the slight fluctuation of burst firing, formalin-induced nociception cannot significantly change the firing pattern of thalamic relay neurons that was caused by urethane.</P>

차량용 에어필터 Sealing의 NBR일체형 2중구조 및 경질우레탄을 사용한 상하 Cap 개발에 관한 연구

김재열(JaeYeol Kim),윤성운(SungUn Yoon) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2008 한국트라이볼로지학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.11

Air filter acts role that remove dust of air that is supplied to automobile engine. There is box in middle of suction system, and Pilteoenrimeonteu includes inside. Terms desired of optimum air filter prevents wear of engine cylinder, and makes ventilating resistance low and improves engine output and secures inhalation of air performance heightening collector efficiency and particulate matter collection amount that is particle exclusion ability of inhalation air. It can be said that Sealing of air filter itself is very important to secure this air filter performance. Because structured itself is large size and engine capacity is big meantime commercial car occasion, used making air filter structure steel cap, but all internal and external import vehicles have made by Urethan filter change into trend that Europe and Japanese occasion have used Urethan recently. Kind is divided by hard urethane 2 kinds if do top and bottom soft property Urethan, top side soft property Urethan. If top and bottom soft property Urethan and top side do soft Urethan, rigid expanded urethane (rubber Type D50 ~ more than 60) has various controversial point. In this research, to heighten several problem improvements and Sealing efficiency lower part uses hard urethane and upper part to hard urethane NBR (rubber mouldings) new technical development that make filter that can be strong and gets duplex Sealing effect because is arrived safe to Mold in the advance and to promulgate rigid expanded urethane do and does so that do solidification target.

Low Swelling Poly(ester) Urethane Composite Containing Modified Hollow Glass Microspheres for Seawater-Resistant Encapsulant

허유선,김주헌,임현구,윤성진 한국고분자학회 2012 Macromolecular Research Vol.20 No.12

A novel poly(ester) urethane system filled with poly(ester) urethane grafted with hollow glass microspheres was fabricated via a melt mixing method for use as an underwater encapsulant. The poly(ester) urethane/poly(ester) urethane grafted with hollow glass microsphere (HGM) composites (PU/PU-g-HGM composites) were prepared using various PU-g-HGM contents. Studies of these composites showed that the swelling ratio of PU/PUg-HGM composites in seawater and paraffin oil decreased with increasing HGM content of grafted poly(ester) urethane,while the tensile strength of PU/PU-g-HGM composites could be incrementally increased by rising PU-g-HGM content. This finding is due to the enhanced interfacial adhesion between poly(ester) urethane and poly(ester)urethane-grafted HGM due to good compatibility between these components. The tensile strength of the PU/PU-g-HGM composites in seawater (or paraffin oil) also exhibited higher levels than those of poly(ester) urethane and PU/pristine HGMs composites in seawater (or paraffin oil) as the immersion time increased. Therefore, the PU/PU-g-HGM composites were expected to have potential applications as underwater encapsulants.

2-Chlorobenzyl alcohol을 이용한 TDI의 가스 크로마토그래피 분석

윤주송,박준호,이규원,엄민용,이은정,유철,최홍순,서동섭,최병길,유호영,임정연,이강명,서종철,노재훈,조영봉 한국EHS평가학회 2004 한국EHS평가학회지 Vol.2 No.2

Isocyanates는 OECD의 high production volume (HPV) chemical list에 등록되어 있다.Isocyanates에 노출시 피부,눈 및 호흡기계의 염증,천식,기관지염,그리고 폐 부종 등을 발생시킨다.TDI의 발암성에 대해서 IARC는 Griop 2B로,그리고 NTP는 Group B로 지정되어있다.1984년 12월 3일 인도 보팔에서 발생한 누출 사고로 인해서 2,800명이 사망하고 200,000명 이상이 부상당했다.TDI에 대한 ACGIH의 TWA는 0.005ppm (0.04 mg/m3)이고,STEL는 0.02 ppm (0.14 mg/m3)이다.NIOSH와 OSHA의 TDI에 대한 HPLC 분석법은 임핀저나 glass fiber filter로 포집하는데 이 방법은 다른 물질의 간섭과 재현성이 좋지 않다.따라서 본 연구는 2-CBA를 이용하여 TDI를 유도체화 및 가수분해하여 GC/ FID 및 GC/ ECD 분석법을 설정하고자 한다.2,4-TDI는 2-CBA와 반응하여 urethane을 합성하였고 수율은 71.74%이었으며,합성된 urethane은 TLC로 확인하였다.2-CBA로 코팅된 glass fiber filter를 87˚C, 20mmHg로 lhr 이상 건조처리 하였을 때 모두 증발하였지만 urethane 코팅된 glass fiber filter를 같은 조건에서 처리하였을 경우 3hr까지 증발하지 않았다.Urethane의 가수분해 수율은 1, 3, 5N HCI 및 l, 3, 5N H2SO4에서 약 100% 이었다.가수분해물인 2-CBA는 GC/FID와 GC/ PD-ECD에서 정량적으로 분석되 었고 LOD는 각각 0.02199 mg/m3 및 0.02503mg/m3이었다.또한 2-CBA 및 urethane의 가수분해물 내의 2-CBA는 GC/MSD에서 정상적으로 확인되었다.그렇지만 GC/FID로 분석한 2-CBA의 최저 농도인 2.5ppm을 적용하였을 때 (1.5 l/min, 6hr 포집)대기 중의 분석 가능한 최저 TDI 농도는 0.00567mg/m3(ACGIH TWA : 0.04 mg/m3) 이었다.만약 좀더 감도가 좋은 알콜류를 사용한다면 GC/PD-ECD로 더 낮은 농도까지 분석 가능할 것이다.따라서 2,4- 및 2,6-TDI의 동시 분석 및 total isocyanate 분석이 GC/FID 및 GC/PD- ECD로 가능할 것이다. Isocyanate is on OECD high production volume(HPV) chemical list. Hazard of TDI are Inflammation of skin, eye and respiratory system, asthma, bronchitis and lung edema etc. Carcinogenicity of TDI are IARC - Group 2B, NTP - Group B. Isocyanate leakage accident in 1984. 12. 03(bopal, India), Union Carbide killed 2,800 man and, injured more than 200,000. TDI's ACGIH TWA is 0.005ppm(0.04 mg/m3) and STEL is 0.02 ppm(0.14 mg/m3). NIOSH and OSHA method of 2,4-TDI is HPLC method collected by impinger or glass fiber filter. These methods have a interference and bad reproducibility. So, this study find new method of GC/FID or GC/ECD by derivation of TDI and hydrolysis using 2-CBA. 2,4-TDI and 2-CBA makes urethane and yield is 71.74% and urethane is verificated by TLC. Glass fiber filter coating 2-CBA is treated in 87˚C and 20mmHg decompression evaporation more than 1 hr and evaporate entirely but, glass fiber filter coating urethane is treated in same condition have no evaporation to 3 hr. Urethane hydrolysis yield in 1, 3, 5N HC1 and H2S04 are about 100%. Hydrolysate the 2-CBA is analyzed by GC/FID and GC/PD-ECD, and LOD is 0.02199 mg/m3 and 0.02503mg/m3 respectively. 2-CBA and 2-CBA in hydrolysate of urethane are identified by GC/MSD. But, Lowest concentration of 2-CBA solution analyzed by GC/FID is 2.5ppm(l.5 l/min, 6hr collect). According to lowest analytical concentration, usual analytical limit of TDI in air is 0.00567mg/m3 (ACGIH TWA : 0.04 mg/m3). If use more sensitive alcohols, a very small amount can be analyzed by GC/PD-ECD. So, simultaneous analysis of 2,4- and 2,6-TDI and total isocyanate analysis can be available by GC/FID and GC/PD-ECD.

Urethane increases reactive oxygen species and activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase in RAW 264.7 macrophages and A549 lung epithelial cells

So-Hee Chun,차영남,김채균 대한약학회 2013 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.36 No.6

Urethane, which is used as an anesthetic foranimal experiments, causes inflammation and cancer in thelung. BALB/c mice received 1 mg/g of urethane once aweek for four consecutive weeks via intraperitonealinjections developed interstitial infiltration of inflammatorycells and tumors in the lung. However, the intracellularsignaling events which urethane causes inflammation andcancer are largely unknown. Here we show that urethanecaused overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inRAW 264.7 macrophages and A549 lung epithelial cells. Pretreatment of these cells with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteineattenuated the urethane-induced ROS production. Urethane increased heme oxygenase-1 expression to protectthese cells from cytotoxicity caused by overproducedROS. In addition, urethane activated extracellular signalregulatedkinase (ERK) in both cell types. Overall, our dataimply that urethane stimulates ROS production and ERKactivation in macrophages and lung epithelial cells, and theoverproduced ROS and activated ERK may promote tumorformation in the lung.

유한요소법을 이용한 우레탄 휠의 구조 안전성에 관한 연구

송하종(H. J. Song),정일호(I. H. Jung),이수호(S. H. Lee),박태원(T. W. Park),박중경(J. K. Park),이형(H. Lee),조동협(D. H. Cho),김혁(H. Kim),이경목(M. K. Lee) 한국정밀공학회 2004 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.10월

Urethane is a high polymeric and elastic material useful in designing mechanic parts that cannot be molded in rubber or plastic material. Especially, urethane is high in mechanical strength and anti-abrasive. Hereby, an urethane coated aluminum wheel is used for supporting of OHT vehicle moving back and forth to transport products. For the sake of verifying the safety of the vehicle, structural safety for applied maximum dynamic load on a urethane wheel needs to be carefully examined while driving. Therefore, we have performed the dynamic simulation on the OHT vehicle model. Although the area definition of applied load can be obtained from the previous study of Hertzian and Non-Hertzian contact force model when having exact properties of contact material, static analysis is simulated, since the proper material properties of urethane have not been guaranteed, after we have performed the actual contact area test for each load. In case of this study, the method of distributing load for each node is included. Finally, in comparison with result of analysis and load-displacement curve obtained from the compression test, we have defined the material properties of urethane. In the analysis, we have verified the safety of the wheel. After all, we have performed a mode analysis using the obtained material properties. With the result, we have the reliable finite element model.

Synthesis and characterization of new functional poly(urethane-imide) crosslinked networks

Park, Mi-Hee,Jang, Wonbong,Yang, Seung-Jin,Shul, Yonggun,Han, Haksoo Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2006 Journal of applied polymer science Vol.100 No.1

<P>To synthesize new functional poly(urethane-imide) crosslinked networks, soluble polyimide from 2,2′-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride, 4,4′-oxydianiline, and maleic anhydride and polyurethane prepolymer from polycaprolactone diol, tolylene 2,4-diisocyanate and hydroxyl ethyl acrylate were prepared. Poly(urethane-imide) thin films were finally prepared by the reaction between maleimide end-capped soluble polyimide (PI) and acrylate end-capped polyurethane (PU). The effect of polyurethane content on dielectric constant, residual stress, morphology, thermal property, and mechanical property was studied by FTIR, prism coupler, Thin Film Stress Analyzer (TFSA), XRD, TGA, DMTA, and Nano-indentation. Dielectric constant of poly(urethane-imide) thin films (2.39–2.45) was lower than that of pure polyimide (2.46). Especially, poly(urethane-imide) thin films with 50% of PU showed lower dielectric constant than other poly(urethane-imide) thin films did. Lower residual stress and slope in cooling curve were achieved in higher PU content. Compared to typical polyurethane, poly(urethane-imide) thin films exhibited better thermal stability due to the presence of the imide groups. The glass transition temperature, modulus, and hardness decreased with increase in the flexible PU content even though elongation and thermal expansion coefficient increased. Finally, poly(urethane-imide) thin films with low residual stress and dielectric constant, which are strongly affected by the morphological structure, chain mobility, and modulus, can be suggested to apply for electronic devices by variation of PU. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 113–123, 2006</P>

유한요소법을 이용한 우레탄 휠의 구조 안전성에 관한 연구

송하종(Ha Jong Song),정일호(Il Ho Jong),박태원(Tae Won Park),윤지원(Ji Won Yoon),전갑진(Kab Jin Jun),박중경(Joong Kyung Park),이형(Hyung Lee) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2005 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.22 No.10

Urethane is a high polymeric and elastic material useful in designing mechanic parts that cannot be molded with rubber or plastic material. In particular, urethane is high in mechanical strength and anti-abrasive. Hereby, a urethane coated aluminum wheel is used to support of the OHT vehicle moving back and forth to transport products. For the sake of verifying the safety of the vehicle, structural safety for applied maximum dynamic load on a urethane wheel must be examined carefully while driving. Therefore, we performed a dynamic simulation on the OHT vehicle model and we determined the driving load. The area definition of applied load may be obtained from the previous study of Hertzian and Non-Hertzian contact force model having exact properties of contact material. But the static analysis is simulated after we have performed the actual contact area test for each load since the proper material properties of urethane have not been guaranteed. In this study, the method of distributing loads for each node is included. Finally, in coMParison with the results of analysis and load-displacement curve obtained from the compression test, we have defined the material properties of urethane. In the analysis, we verified the safety of the wheel. Finally, we performed a mode analysis using the obtained material properties. With these results, we presented a reliable finite element model.

Synthesis and thermal properties of urethane-containing epoxy resin

Fan-Long Jin,Heng-Chang Liu,Baoqing Yang,박수진 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.24 No.-

A urethane-containing epoxy resin was successfully synthesized by reacting bisphenol A with 1,6- hexamethylene diisocyanate and epichlorohydrin. The chemical structure of urethane-containing epoxy resin was confirmed using FT-IR, 1HNMR, and elemental analysis. DSC results indicated that the initial curing and maximum exothermic peak temperatures of urethane-containing epoxy resin cured with 4,40-diaminodiphenylmethane were 60 8C and 135 8C, respectively; these values were lower than those of a bisphenol A-based epoxy resin. The thermal stability of epoxy resins was studied using TGA, and it was found that the degradation temperature of urethane-containing epoxy resin was lower than that of bisphenol A-based epoxy resin under the same conditions.