배터리와 태스크를 고려한 저전력 알고리듬 연구

윤충모(Choong-Mo Youn),김재진(Jae-Jin Kim) 한국디지털콘텐츠학회 2014 한국디지털콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.15 No.3

In this paper, we proposed the low power algorithm consider the battery and the task. The proposed algorithm setting the power consumption of unit time consider the capacity of the battery and the target time. Calculate the power consumption of all tasks. Calculate the average power consumption by the task have maximum power consumption and the task have minimum power consumption. Recalculate average power consumption consider the unit time of task. Compare calculated average power consumption and average power consumption of task. Compared results, low power algorithm processing the average power consumption less than or equal calculated power consumption of task. Low-power algorithm is greater than the average power consumption of the task to perform targeted tasks. Low-power processors and the task by dividing the power consumption of the device in large part for the low-power consumption is performed. Experiments [6] were compared with the results of the power consumption. The experimental results [6] is reduced power consumption than the efficiency of the algorithm has been demonstrated.

A POWER CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS OF ULTRA-LOW POWER MICROCONTROLLERS

Koji TOMINAGA,Koichiro TANAKA 대한전자공학회 2009 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2009 No.7

This paper reports the measurement results of the power consumption provided to an ultra-low-power microcontroller. Recently, mobile devices equipped with wireless communication capabilities have been effectively used by many people. Therefore, there are quite a lot of demands to adapt the capabilities to mobile devices without them. However, mobile devices which are required long battery life might not operate correctly when the module equipped with the capabilities simply connects them because the module consumes a big electric power. Ultralow-power microcontrollers will be able to reduce the power consumption of the system including their communication modules by controlling them. However, it is necessary to decrease the power consumption of the microcontroller to achieve this. Then, we measure the power consumption of MSP430 microcontrollers made by Texas Instruments. In the experiment, the power consumption value in some microcontrollers which only the internal memory size is different is measured. Moreover, the power consumption of the microcontroller in four of low-power modes (LPMs) are investigated. As a result, the microcontrollers with different internal memory size have showed the same power consumption. In addition, the power consumption of it has decreased when the LPM rise. In this paper, these results are shown in detail. In addition, the system that transmits the digital data converted from analog data by wireless communication.

태스크에 따른 저전력 알고리즘에 관한 연구

김재진(Jae-Jin Kim) 한국디지털콘텐츠학회 2013 한국디지털콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.14 No.1

In this paper, we proposed low power algorithm for a task. The task means the inside of a necessary processor and external resources to work accomplishment of a system. Each task analyzes a life time and a number of called for implement a low power circuit. First of all, reduce power consumption of a task have maximum power consumption for low power circuit implementation. Therefore, first selecting a task had maximum power consumption. The task had a maximum power consumption ranking consider a life time and a number of called for each task. While a life time of task is long, top priority ranking to decrease power consumption to the task that the number of call generates the power consumption how a disguise is large in case of a lot of task becomes. Frequency decision to have minimum power consumption, and decrease power consumption all the circuit by a change of frequency of the task which the minimum task that a wasting past record is the maximum becomes. Also, keep continuously minimum power consumption, with every effort task until last life time in opening life time, and decrease gets total power consumption. Experiments results show reduction in the power consumption by 5.43% comparing with that [7] algorithm.

클라우드 컴퓨팅 환경에서 자원의 TDP(Thermal Design Power)와 사용률을 이용한 소비전력 예측 방안

박상면,문영성 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 2016 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 논문지 Vol.12 No.1

클라우드 컴퓨팅은 IT 인프라의 초기투자비용과 유지보수에 대한 부담을 줄이는 방안으로 적합하다고 여겨지면서발전하였다. 클라우드 컴퓨팅이 발전함에 따라, 그 환경을 유지하기 위해 소모되는 전력에 관한 문제가 발생하였다. 따라서 소비전력을 줄이거나 전력효율을 향상시키기 위한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 하지만 전력 효율을 향상시키기 위해서는 소비전력을 측정해야한다. 하지만 소비전력을 측정하기 위해 전력측정기를 사용하는 것은 추가적인 비용이발생할 뿐만 아니라 전력측정기를 설치해야 하는 번거로움이 존재한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 전력측정기를 이용하지 않고 소비전력을 예측하는 수식을 제안한다. CPU, Memory, Hard disk의 TDP와 사용률을 이용하여 전력을예측하는 예측 방안을 제안한다. 또한 제안한 수식의 정확성을 입증하기 위하여, CPU 테스트를 수행하여 예측소비전력과 실제소비전력을 비교분석 하였다. 그 결과 수식을 이용한 예측전력과 전력측정기를 이용한 실제전력의 오차율평균은 CPU 테스트에서 5.75%를 보였고, Hard disk 테스트에서는 8.54%를 보였다. Cloud computing is suited to reduce costs of maintaining IT infrastructure and initial investment, so it has been developed. As cloud computing is developed, problems of power consumption to maintain the environment are occurred. So, several studies for reducing power consumption or improving power efficiency have been performed. However, for improving power efficiency, we have to measure power consumption. For measuring the power consumption by using the power meter has not only additional cost, but also inconvenience for installing power meter. Thus, we propose prediction method of power consumption using utilization rate of CPU, Memory, and Hard disk. Also, to prove accuracy of prediction method, we perform the CPU test to compare and analyze between predictive power consumption and actual power consumption. As a result, there are differences between the predictive power consumption and actual power consumption value about 5.87% in the test.

소비자의 무력감이 파워상징상품 추구에 미치는 영향

김미예(Mi Yea Kim),김정구(Chung K Kim),전미나(Mina Jun),한정수(Jeong Soo Han),김영재(Joshua Y Kim) 한국경영학회 2014 經營學硏究 Vol.43 No.2

Although people want to control their own circumstances, losing the control can cause undesirable situations which in turn sometimes lead people to experience a feeling of powerlessness. For example, uncontrollable situations such as reproaches by a superior at work and lack of money to buy products they want may lead people to experience powerlessness. Since experiencing powerlessness is likely to cause negative emotions such as frustration, sadness, and anger, and also increase desires to regain power, people try to come up with coping strategies to reduce the feeling of powerlessness (Rucker and Galinsky 2008; Dubois, Rucker and Galinsky 2012). One of the coping strategies that people use is compensatory consumptions for power products suchas luxurious shoes and bags as a means of recovering and showing their power (Han, Nunes, and Drese 2010). It is generally believed that the compensatory consumptions for power products can appear more often for people who highly value materialism. Reflecting the phenomenon, main objectives of the current study are to examine how consumers show compensatory consumption behaviors when they experience powerlessness and how materialism moderates the relationship between powerlessness and compensatory consumption. In order to achieve the main objectives, two studies were conducted. In study 1, we employed an exploratory method to find out the sources that cause powerlessness, emotions that consumers feel when they experience powerlessness, and compensatory behaviors that consumers show to cope with the emotions. In study 2, we empirically investigated the relationship between powerlessness and desire to purchase power-products and how materialism moderates the relationship based on results of study 1. The result of study 1 showed that there are seven sources of powerlessness: economic resource, position of authority, failure, control, expertise, relationship with people and respect from others. In addition, powerlessness caused negative emotions for consumers such as frustration, sadness, lethargy, anger, and gloom. The results also showed that in order to cope with the negative emotions, consumers showed compensatory behaviors such as going to movies, sleeping, and going shopping. Especially, when consumers go shopping as compensatory behaviors, they mostly purchased shoes, bags, and clothes. Main hypotheses tested in study 2 are as follows. H1: consumers`` willingness to pay (WTP)for power products is higher when consumers experience powerlessness than when they experience power. H2: the more consumers value materialism, consumers’ WTP is higher for power products when consumers experience powerlessness than when they experience power. To test the hypotheses, we conducted t-test and ANOVA. The results showed that the main hypotheses were supported. As a result of H1 test, consumers showed higher WTP for power products when they experience powerlessness than when they experience power. As a result of H2 test, consumers who value materialism showed higher WTP for power products when they experience powerlessness. There are significant academic contributions made by the current study. First, this study employed both exploratory and empirical research method to examine the effect of powerlessness on consumer behavior by focusing on powerlessness in consumer domain. Second, this study not only revealed the sources of powerlessness and the negative emotions caused by the powerlessness, but also showed how consumers perform compensatory consumption for power products as a means of coping with the negative emotions. Finally, this study showed the importance of materialism in consumer study by finding that the more consumers value materialism, the higher WTP is for power products when consumers experience powerlessness.

창원시 초·중·고등학교의 전력 소비량 실태 현황

조성우,김동완,최정민 한국퍼실리티매니지먼트학회 2012 한국퍼실리티매니지먼트학회지 Vol.7 No.2

This study is performed investigation on power consumption rate of elementary school, middle school and high school during 2008-2011 in Changwon City is consisted Masan district, Jinhae district and Central Chang won city. In elementary school, the regardless of district is not expressed the difference of power consumption. But the power consumption rate of Jinhae district is shown less than Masan district and Central Changwon. In middle school, Central Changwon is expressed higher than power consumption rate of Jinhae and Masan district. In high school, it is not shown difference of power consumption rate per capital but is shown difference of power consumption rate per class in regardless regions. The prediction of power consumption rate can be used power consumption rate per capital and class which is high same rank rate.

BMT 모델 기반 모바일 상황인지 어플리케이션의 전력 소비 평가

전제홍 ( Jaehong Jeon ),백두산 ( Dusan Baek ),김경아 ( Kyung-ah Kim ),이정원 ( Jung-won Lee ) 한국정보처리학회 2016 정보처리학회논문지. 컴퓨터 및 통신시스템 Vol.5 No.11

상황인지 어플리케이션은 다양한 센서를 이용하여 상황을 추론하므로 전력 소비가 크고 이에 대한 상세한 평가 결과를 제공하는 연구는 미비하였다. 또한 기존의 전력 소비에 대한 정보는 사용자의 사용 패턴을 고려하지 못하고 전체적인 소비량만을 제공하거나, 센서가 사용하는 전력에 대한 정보를 구분하여 제공하지 못하였다. 그렇기 때문에 개발자들이 전력 소비를 고려하여 어플리케이션을 개발하는 데 유의미한 정보가 제공되지 않았다는 문제점이 있다. 개발자들에게 상황인지 어플리케이션이 사용하는 모바일 디바이스의 컴포넌트가 소비하는 전력에 대한 상세한 평가 정보가 제공된다면, 전력 소비를 고려하여 상황인지 어플리케이션의 개발이 가능해 질 것이다. 본 논문에서는 사용자의 사용 패턴을 고려하여 상황인지 어플리케이션의 작동 시 사용되는 다양한 컴포넌트가 소비하는 전력을 평가할 수 있는 BMT(Bench Mark Test) 모델을 제안하고, 이를 통한 상세한 평가 결과를 개발자들에게 제공하고자 한다. Context-aware application has a lot of power consumption because it creates context by using a number of smartphone`s sensors. Furthermore, only few kinds of researches have been conducted that provide information for the evaluation result of power consumption in the aspect of applications. In addition, evaluation of power consumption do not consider user`s usage pattern or provide only total amount of power consumption, and inform developers power consumption of sensors undistinguishable. It makes developers hard to develop a power consumption-considered application. If developers could get information for power consumption of context-aware application in detail, a development of power-considered context-aware applications would be possible. Consequently, this paper proposes a BMT(Bench Mark Test) model which is able to inform developers useful evaluation criteria and result about power consumption of smartphone`s components and sensors with usage pattern considered.

데이터센터 서버의 전력사용량 패턴 기반 전력절감 관리시스템의 구현

이화정,정민영,김창근,김현주 한국지식정보기술학회 2020 한국지식정보기술학회 논문지 Vol.15 No.1

Recently, the emergence of the fourth industrial revolution and the development of the internet environment have resulted in a rapid increase in internet users. According to IT consulting firms, the number of internet users in 2014 increased from 2.4 billion to 3.8 billion in 2017, an explosive increase of 42% in just three years. This rapid increase in internet users leads to increased data throughput on data center servers. This greatly affects the power consumption of the data center, which is one of the major causes of power consumption. In this paper, we implemented a power saving monitoring system based on the power usage pattern for individual servers in the data center. The proposed system implements a function to analyze the power consumption of individual servers in the form of hourly, daily, weekly, monthly and quarterly based on situational awareness technology. Through this, a power consumption pattern can be generated that reflects the usage characteristics of the server, and the generated power consumption pattern is reflected as the saving policy of the individual server, which can be registered in the system proposed in this paper and perform efficient power. Based on the proposed model, the virtual simulation result is expected to save about 5% of individual server power consumption.

전력소비행위 변화를 위한 전력소비패턴 분석 및 적용

장민석,남광우,이연식 한국정보통신학회 2021 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.25 No.4

In this paper, we extract the user's power consumption patterns, and model the optimal consumption patterns by applying the user's environment and emotion. Based on the comparative analysis of these two patterns, we present an efficient power consumption method through changes in the user's power consumption behavior. To extract significant consumption patterns, vector standardization and binary data transformation methods are used, and learning about the ensemble's ensemble with k-means clustering is applied, and applying the support factor according to the value of k. The optimal power consumption pattern model is generated by applying forced and emotion-based control based on the learning results for ensemble aggregates with relatively low average consumption. Through experiments, we validate that it can be applied to a variety of windows through the number or size adjustment of clusters to enable forced and emotion-based control according to the user's intentions by identifying the correlation between the number of clusters and the consistency ratios. 본 논문에서는 사용자의 전력소비패턴을 추출하고 사용자의 환경 및 감성을 적용한 최적 소비패턴을 모델링한 후, 이 두 가지의 패턴을 비교 적용하여 사용자의 전력소비행위 변화를 통한 전력의 효율적 사용 방법을 제시한다. 유의미한 소비패턴을 추출하기 위하여 벡터 표준화 및 이진 데이터 변환방법을 사용하고, k-평균 군집화를 적용한 앙상블의 합집합에 대한 학습과 k값에 따른 지지도를 적용하였으며, 최적 전력소비패턴 모델은 상대적 평균 소비량이 적은 앙상블 합집합에 대한 학습 결과를 기준으로 강제 및 감성 제어를 적용하여 생성하였다. 실험을 통하여 전력소비행위 변화 유도대상 추출 시 클러스터의 수와 일치율 간의 상관관계를 파악함으로써, 사용자의 의도에 따라 강제 및 감성 기반의 제어가 가능하도록 클러스터의 수나 크기 조절을 통한 다양한 윈도우에 적용할 수 있음을 검증하였다.

Electric power consumption predictive modeling of an electric propulsion ship considering the marine environment

Lim, Chae-og,Park, Byeong-cheol,Lee, Jae-chul,Kim, Eun Soo,Shin, Sung-chul The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2019 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.11 No.2

This study predicts the power consumption of an Electric Propulsion Ship (EPS) in marine environment. The EPS is driven by a propeller rotated by a propulsion motor, and the power consumption of the propeller changes by the marine environment. The propulsion motor consumes the highest percentage of the ships' total power. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the power consumption and determine the power generation capacity and the propeller capacity to design an efficient EPS. This study constructs a power estimation simulator for EPS by using a ship motion model including marine environment and an electric power consumption model. The usage factor that represents the relationship between power consumption and propulsion is applied to the simulator for power prediction. Four marine environment scenarios are set up and the power consumed by the propeller to maintain a constant ship speed according to the marine environment is predicted in each scenario.