한국노동요의 기능과 역할

김진순 한국민요학회 2008 한국민요학 Vol.24 No.-

There are only some folksongs having actual function of work songs that are involved in the beat and rhythm in the field. Korean work songs are strongly emotional because most of them play roles as ‘singing plays’. The function of folksongs is an answer to the question “Why do people song in the present moment?” The factors drawing function have been influenced by various situations of the field in which feasts with songs are being held. This study focuses on the fact that there are much more folksongs playing an emotional role than those function as work songs, even though work songs are categorized as folksongs which occupy most part of the Korean folksongs. I examined the elements of formation of function and the embodiment of the function. The results shows that Korean work songs are based on emotional function, and the essential part of the function is to vent their emotions and get exhilarated. That is, the group work songs are motivated to appease the pressure occurring between the physical factors in work field and internal factors of members. They are also sung as play in order to get over tedious and boring simple labor. The function of play adapted at this time is emotional, so there is a thread connection between the object that they appeases and emotional function. The role of folksongs in the field is to promote the effect of labor by turning the field into feast combined with labor and play, and by making laborer forget the pain of working. Songs basically have amusement role and this is, in particular, remarkable in group working. Folksongs soothe the pain of simple and repetitious labor and further, they help people get over the pain by giving them new energy generated from group exhilaration. That is, the emotional function of folksongs presented in group work songs does not simply relieve the toughness and stress of labor but offers new energy created from group play. It appears that this character of folksongs play an important role in transmission and usage of folksongs in modern society since the emotional function is the main one in Korean working songs, and exhilaration and vent are representative sentiment of our people. There are only some folksongs having actual function of work songs that are involved in the beat and rhythm in the field. Korean work songs are strongly emotional because most of them play roles as ‘singing plays’. The function of folksongs is an answer to the question “Why do people song in the present moment?” The factors drawing function have been influenced by various situations of the field in which feasts with songs are being held. This study focuses on the fact that there are much more folksongs playing an emotional role than those function as work songs, even though work songs are categorized as folksongs which occupy most part of the Korean folksongs. I examined the elements of formation of function and the embodiment of the function. The results shows that Korean work songs are based on emotional function, and the essential part of the function is to vent their emotions and get exhilarated. That is, the group work songs are motivated to appease the pressure occurring between the physical factors in work field and internal factors of members. They are also sung as play in order to get over tedious and boring simple labor. The function of play adapted at this time is emotional, so there is a thread connection between the object that they appeases and emotional function. The role of folksongs in the field is to promote the effect of labor by turning the field into feast combined with labor and play, and by making laborer forget the pain of working. Songs basically have amusement role and this is, in particular, remarkable in group working. Folksongs soothe the pain of simple and repetitious labor and further, they help people get over the pain by giving them new energy generated from group exhilaration. That is, the emotional function of folksongs presented in group work songs does not simply relieve the toughness and stress of labor but offers new energy created from group play. It appears that this character of folksongs play an important role in transmission and usage of folksongs in modern society since the emotional function is the main one in Korean working songs, and exhilaration and vent are representative sentiment of our people.

어머니의 정서사회화 행동과 유아의 실행기능이 유아의 정서조절능력에 미치는 영향

강도연,김희태 한국열린유아교육학회 2018 열린유아교육연구 Vol.23 No.1

본 연구는 유아의 연령과 성별에 따른 정서조절능력과 실행기능의 차이를 알아보고, 유아의 정서조절능력과 어머니의 정서사회화 행동, 유아의 실행기능 간의 관계와 어머니의 정서사회화 행동과 유아의 실행기능이 유아의 정서조절능력에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 I시에 위치한 유아교육기관(유치원, 어린이집) 3곳에 재원중인 만 3, 4, 5세 유아 120명과 그들의 어머니 120명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 유아의 연령과 성별에 따른 정서조절능력과 실행기능에서는 정서조절능력의 정서통제능력에서 성별에 따른 차이, 실행기능의 인지적․정서적 실행기능에서 연령에 따른 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 어머니의 정서사회화 행동과 유아의 정서조절능력, 유아의 실행기능과 정서조절능력, 실행기능과 어머니의 정서사회화 행동 간에 부분적인 상관관계가 나타났다. 셋째, 유아의 정서조절능력에 대한 어머니의 정서사회화 행동과 유아의 실행기능은 일부 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 그 중 인지적 실행기능의 지연억제가 가장 큰 영향력을 미쳤다. 본 연구의 결과는 유아 정서교육과 정서조절능력 향상을 위한 프로그램 개발에 유용한 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between young children’s emotion regulation ability, executive function, and mother’s emotional socialization behaviors and to examine the effect of young children’s executive function and mother’s emotional socialization behaviors on young children’s emotional regulation ability. The results are as follows. First, the difference of young children’s emotion regulation ability by gender and age do not appear except their emotion control ability in gender. Second, young children’s age differed but gender did not differ in their cool executive function and hot executive function. Third, there was a partial correlation between executive function and emotional regulation ability of young children. Fourth, there was a partial correlation between executive function and mother’s emotional socialization behaviors. Fifth, there was a partial correlation between mother’s emotional socialization behaviors and young children’s emotion regulation ability. Sixth, there was the effect of mothers’ emotional socialization behaviors and young children’s executive functions on young children’s emotion regulation ability. The results of this study should be included in educational program on young children’s emotion regulation ability.

Aberrant Tendency of Noncurrent Emotional Experiences in Individuals at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis

Eunchong Seo,Minji Bang,Eun Lee,Suk Kyoon An 대한신경정신의학회 2018 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.15 No.9

ObjectiveaaThis study aimed to investigate whether aberrant tendency of noncurrent emotion was present in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis and to explore its associations with various clinical profiles. MethodsaaFifty-seven individuals at UHR and 49 normal controls were enrolled. The tendency of experiencing noncurrent emotion was assessed using various noncurrent emotional self-reported formats, including trait [Neuroticism and Extraversion of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire], hypothetical (Chapman’s Revised Physical and Social Anhedonia Scales), and retrospective [Anhedonia- Asociality Subscale of the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS)] measures. Self-related beliefs (Self-Perception Scale), clinical positive and negative symptoms (SA Positive Symptoms and SANS), psychosocial function (Global Functioning Scale: Role Function and Global Functioning Scale: Social Function) were also examined. ResultsaaSubjects at UHR for psychosis reported more trait unpleasant and less trait pleasant emotions, more hypothetical physical and social anhedonia, and more retrospective anhedonia than normal controls. In UHR, self-perception was correlated to trait unpleasant emotion and hypothetical physical and social anhedonia. Negative symptoms in UHR were associated with hypothetical physical anhedonia and retrospective anhedonia. Global social functioning was related to trait pleasant emotion, hypothetical physical and social anhedonia, and retrospective anhedonia. Neurocognitive function, positive symptoms, and global role functioning were not related with any noncurrent emotional experience measures in UHR. ConclusionaaThese findings suggest that the aberrant tendency of noncurrent emotional experience may be present at the ‘putative’ prodromal phase and are grossly associated with self-related beliefs and psychosocial functioning but not neurocognitive functioning.

외식기업의 기능적 일치성이 정보탐색비용의 절감과 긍정적 감정, 부정적 감정 그리고 충성도에 미치는

한영위,최상혁,손정영 한국프랜차이즈경영학회 2022 프랜차이즈경영연구 Vol.13 No.3

Purpose: Consumers’ experience of functional attributes is remembered, and the experience lowers the cost of consumers’ input from their point of view and reduces uncertainty. It also plays an important role in consumers’ positive emotions and responses. Accordingly, if information search costs are reduced in terms of the costs perceived by consumers about restaurants, a strategy differentiated from other companies can be established. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of functional congruence of restaurant stores on information search cost reduction, positive/negative emotions, and loyalty. Research Design, Data, and Methodology: This study investigated functional congruence, information search cost reduction, and positive/negative emotions. The structural relationship between loyalty was analyzed. To verify this, a research hypothesis was established based on previous studies and a research model was constructed. The questionnaire items were modified and used according to the current study, based on previous studies. The data were collected using the questionnaire method from 187 people who had dining out experience. Frequency analysis was performed to confirm demographic characteristics. Reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the collected data were verified. The research model was analyzed with a structural equation modeling (SmartPLS 4). Results: The findings show that functional congruence had significant positive effects on information search cost reduction and positive emotion, but no significant effect on negative emotion. Information search cost reduction had significant positive effects on positive emotion/negative emotion but did not significantly affect loyalty. Lastly, both positive and negative emotions had significant positive effects on loyalty. Conclusion: Based on transaction cost theory, this study found how functional congruence and information search cost reduction influence consumers’ emotions. The functional attributes of restaurants were perceived by customers as information, thus uncertainty was decreased. Finally, appropriate management strategies and implications of functional congruence and information search cost in the restaurant were suggested.

Emotional Regulation and Executive Function Deficits in Unmedicated Chinese Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Wenqing Jiang,Yan Li,Yasong Du,Juan Fan 대한신경정신의학회 2016 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.13 No.3

ObjectiveaaThis study aims to explore the feature of emotional regulation and executive functions in oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) children. MethodsaaThe emotional regulation and executive functions of adolescents with ODD, as well as the relationship between the two factors were analyzed using tools including Adolescent Daily Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ADERQ), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), in comparison with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children without behavioral problem and healthy children; the ADERQ assessed emotional regulation ability and others were used to assess executive function. ResultsaaCompared to normal children, the ODD group displayed significant differences in the scores of cognitive reappraisal, rumination, expressive suppression, and revealing of negative emotions, as well as in the score of cognitive reappraisal of positive emotions. WCST perseverative errors were well correlated with rumination of negative emotions (r=0.47). Logistic regression revealed that the minimum number of moves in the Stocking of Cambridge (SOC) test (one test in CANTAB) and negative emotion revealing, were strongly associated with ODD diagnosis. ConclusionaaChildren with ODD showed emotion dysregulation, with negative emotion dysregulation as the main feature. Emotion dysregulation and the lack of ability to plan lead to executive function deficits. The executive function deficits may guide us to understand the deep mechanism under ODD.

노인 인지기능 향상 프로그램이 재가거주 노인의 인지기능, 신체기능, 정서기능에 미치는 효과

박영선,주경복,유병선,정진택 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2018 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.8 No.12

This study is one-group pretest-posttest pre-experimental research to testify the effects of cognitive function enhancement program for elderly residents on cognitive function, physical function and emotional function. The Participants of the program are 27 elderly aged 65 or older who received the cognitive enhancement program at 4 Kyungrodang in N city from June 1 st , 2017 to December 31 th , 2017. The program provided a total of 8-10 sessions, once every two weeks. Outcomes variables included cognitive function(MMSE-DS), physical function(K-ADL, K-IADL), emotional function(SGDS-K). As the result of the study, MMSE-DS(t=-0.80 p=.434), ADL(t=1.09 p=.285), SGDS(t=0.27 p=.790)were not statistically significant, however slightly improved on average before and after the program. IADL was statistically significant improvement of physical function(t=21.05, p<.001). Therefore, the elderly cognitive function enhancement program was effective in improving the cognitive function of the elderly. And provided the resources needed to develop an intervention program for elderly and the persons with dementia. But it is suggest that the cognitive function improvement programs for the elderly should be improved and developed and perform further study with more participants for its generalization. 본 연구는 노인 인지기능 향상 프로그램이 노인의 인지기능, 신체기능, 정서기능에 미치는 효과를 검증하기 위한 단일집단 사전사후 원시실험연구이다. 대상자는 2017년 6월 1일부터 2017년 12월 31일 까지 N시 5개 경로당에서 인지기능 향상 프로그램을 제공받은 65세이상 노인 27명이다. 프로그램은 2주일에 1회, 총 8-10회기를 제공하였다. 대상자의 효과평가로는 인지기능(MMSE-DS), 신체기능 (K-ADL, K-IADL), 정서기능(SGDS_K)을 평가하였다. 연구결과 노인 인지기능 향상 프로그램은 노인의 MMSE-DS(t=-0.80 p=.434), ADL(t=1.09 p=.285), SGDS(t=0.27 p=.790)는 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았으나 프로그램 전과 후, 평균점수에서 근소하게 향상됨이 나타났다. IADL은 통계적으로 유의하게 나타나 신체기능의 향상됨이 나타났다(t=21.05, p<.001). 따라서 본 연구에서 진행한 노인 인지기능 향상 프로그램은 노인의 기능향상에 효과적임을 나타냈다. 그리고 노인 및 치매노인 중재프로그램을 개발하는데 필요한 자료를 제공하였다. 그러나 노인 인지기능 향상 프로그램의 보완 및 개발과, 일반화할 수 있도록 대상자의 수를 확보하여 연구해야 함을 제안하는 바이다.

유아의 인지능력, 인지 및 정서실행기능이 정서ㆍ행동 유능성에 미치는 영향

김성현 한국영유아교원교육학회 2019 유아교육학논집 Vol.23 No.4

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship among children's emotional and behavioral competence, their cognitive ability, and cognitive(cool) and emotional(hot) executive function and to examine the impact of the cognitive ability and cognitive and emotional executive function on children' emotional and behavioral competence. The participants were 212 children (mean age = 65.12 months) attending kindergartens and preschools in Korea. For data collection, the study utilized the ‘Preschool Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale’, the ‘Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-2nd edition’, ‘Cool executive Function task(Stroop like Star-Flower Task, Card Sorting Task)’ and ‘Hot executive Function (a Less is More Task, Sticker Search Task)’. SPSS 21.0 was utilized to analyze the data, and a Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were employed for the analysis. Findings are as follows. First, there were positive correlations between children’s emotional and behavioral competence and cognitive ability and their cool and hot executive functions. Second, sequential processing and cool executive function predicted variables affecting the young children’s total emotional and behavioral competence. In the sub-scale, sequential processing and cool executive function predicted variables affecting school readiness. Sequential processing and hot executive function predicted variables affecting emotional regulation. Cool executive function uniquely predicted variable concerning family involvement. Lastly, sequential processing, cool and hot executive functions predicted variables related with social confidence. 본 연구는 유아의 정서․행동 유능성과 인지능력 그리고 인지 및 정서실행기능 간의 관계를 밝히고 유아의 정서․행동 유능성에 인지능력과 인지 및 정서실행기능이 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 유치원과 어린이집에 재원 중인 만 4-5세 유아 총 212명이었으며, 평균 월령은 65.12개월이었다. ‘유아용 정서․행동 유능성 척도’, ‘K-ABC-2’, ‘인지실행기능 검사(별과 꽃 과제, 카드분류과제) 및 정서실행기능 검사(역보상과제, 스티커 찾기 과제)’ 도구들을 통해 연구자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 Pearson 적률 상관과 위계적 중다회귀분석을 통해 검증하였다. 1단계에서는 인지능력 변인을 2단계에서는 인지 및 정서실행기능 변인을 투입하였다. 연구결과, 유아의 정서․행동 유능성과 인지능력, 인지 및 정서실행기능 간에 정적상관이 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 유아의 순차처리 능력과 인지실행기능이 정서․행동 유능성의 정적 예측 변인으로 나타났다. 또한 하위변인 별로 분석한 결과 학습준비도에는 순차처리와 인지실행기능이 유의미한 예측 변인으로, 정서조절에는 순차처리와 정서실행기능이 유의미한 예측 변인으로, 가족 참여에는 인지실행기능이 유일한 예측변인으로 밝혀졌으며 마지막으로 사회적 자신감에는 순차처리와 인지 및 정서실행기능 모두 유의미한 예측변인으로 나타났다.

비고츠키 예술이론의 교육학적 함의

박현진 한국도덕교육학회 2008 道德敎育硏究 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of this study is to reveal the nature of man's consciousness in the light of Vygotsky's theory of art that is characterized by emphasis on aesthetic emotion in related with the development of higher mental functions. According to Vygotsky's analysis, emotions are not physiological reactions, for example Descartes' thought or James-Lange theory. But as intermediation between conscious and unconscious, they arise to interact with both. Among them, aesthetic emotion aroused by art is remarkable as human's peculiar emotion that related to the development of higher mental functions. And it is catharsis that develop in two directions but reach annihilation at its point of termination: one is artistic content and the other is artistic form; the annihilation means transformation as best condition of emotion that is generated when an affective contradiction and conflict caused by both is dissolved. By the way, if we consider that any work of art is one of 'signs', we must assent that inevitability both of them have 'intelligent emotions'. This fact means that aesthetic emotion is generated by working of higher mental functions. But only artistic activities can be realized by more than somewhat developed higher mental functions. A high level of art cannot arouse aesthetic emotions to childhood. The one which necessarily is required to realize the development of higher mental functions and aesthetic emotion in childhood is not art, but education. Education makes constantly students feel aesthetic emotion as dissolving conflicts caused between old and new intelligent emotions by a teacher. After all, education becomes the condition of artistic activities, and is an artistic activity in itself. 비고츠키의 예술이론은 일반적 정서와 다른 심미적 정서의 특징에 근거하여 여타의 동물들과 차별화되는 인간 의식의 고유성을 규명하려는 시도라 말할 수 있다. 비고츠키에 따르면 정서는 별개로 분리되어 있는 신체와 정신 중 어느 한 쪽에 속해 있는 생리적 변화나 뇌 기능의 일부 등이 아닌, 의식과 그 의식의 토대가 되는 무의식이 중층을 이루고 있는 마음에서 의식과 무의식의 특성을 동시에 지니면서 양자의 상호작용을 일으키는 매개이다. 그 중에서도 인간 고유의 정서인 ‘심미적 정서’는 내용의 정서와 형식의 정서 혹은 예술작품이라는 기호의 이면에 들어있는 지적 정서와 예술의 독특한 표현방식에 들어있는 지적 정서가 일으키는 대립, 모순, 갈등을 극복하는 과정에서 새롭게 변형된 이상적 상태의 정서로, 고등정신기능을 통해서만 형성될 수 있다는 특징을 지니고 있다. 중요한 것은, 그 고등정신기능이 발달하기 위해 필연적으로 요구되는 것이 바로 교육이라는 것이다. 고등정신기능의 발달을 성립시키는 것은 교육 사태에서 아동이 경험하게 되는 정서, 즉 기존에 지니고 있던 지적 정서와 교사에 의해 새롭게 주어진 지적 정서의 대립과 갈등 및 극복을 통해 발생되는 심미적 정서이다. 이러한 심미적 정서를 반복적으로 경험하면서 아동은 점차 심미적 정서를 지향하게 되는 동시에 자신의 고등정신기능을 끊임없이 발달시켜나가게 된다. 이렇게 보았을 때 고등정신기능의 발달을 이끄는 교육은 심미적 정서를 형성하는 예술적 창조의 필연적 조건이 되는 동시에 그 자체 내에서 심미적 정서를 발생시키는 예술적 활동이다.

감정기능의 이해와 회복을 위한 기독교 상담적 제안

안경승 ( Ahn Kyung Seung ) 한국복음주의상담학회 2022 복음과 상담 Vol.30 No.3

Human beings, created in the image of God, experience various events while living in this world. The impact of suffering human beings face because of corruption is considerable. Among the many areas experienced through suffering, emotions are the most burdensome. As a result, it is hard to figure out how to handle, control, and mature emotions. God gave us emotions, so they could play a key function in the process of Christian maturity. Research on emotions is active in the field of general counseling, and the methods of those research results become utilized in the Christian community. Therefore, it is necessary to discern as well as to develop an integrated method that can be used in Christian counseling. This paper assumes that emotions not only contribute to human maturity, but also play an important function Christian maturity. It emphasizes that the understanding of the function of emotion should be specified and revitalization work for this should be applied in an integrated manner. First, this paper identifies the position of emotions as the main function of being human. Second, emotional functioning is organized at the general level and the Christian level. Third, an integrated method for activating emotional functioning is sought. It is hoped that this paper provides valid grounds for managing emotions in Christian counseling and helps find direction to be referenced in the counseling process.

묵가와 유가의 감정 기능주의와 인공지능

정재현(Chong, Chaeh-Yun) 부산대학교 인문학연구소 2017 코기토 Vol.- No.83

이 글은 묵가와 유가를 감정 기능주의로 해석함으로써 인공지능에 대해 동아시아 철학이 긍정적 입장을 가질 수 있다고 주장한다. 감정 기능주의란 인간의 감정이란 인간의 내부에 존재하는 특별히 사적인 심리상태가 아니라, 인간 유기체가 외부와의 다양한 연관 속에서 발현하는 역할, 기능 등에 의해 확인되는 공적 현상이라는 입장이다. 일반적으로 우리는 특정한 정서적 내용을 수반하는 행위와 그렇지 않은 행위 즉 특정한 정서적 내용을 가지지 않는 행위를 본질적으로 구분하고, 특별히 전자의 행위의 순수성을 강조하는데, 이 글에서 말하는 감정 기능주의는 위의 두 가지 행동이 크게 본질적으로 다르지 않을 수 있다고 본다. 묵가는 손익계산을 하는 지능에 의해 우리는 얼마든지 감정을 조절, 통제할 수 있다고 생각하는 점에서 감정 기능주의라고 할 수 있다. 유가는 스스로 감정의 순수성을 강조하는데, 사실 그들의 도덕적 감정은 지능의 계산을 통해 조절되는 성격의 것이다. 따라서 지능의 작동을 통해 감정이 조절될 수 있다고 보는 감정 기능주의는 유가에게도 적용된다. 묵가와 유가의 감정 기능주의적 해석이 타당하다면, 정서적 측면이 결여된 것으로 간주되는 인공지능이 감정을 구비한 슈퍼 인공지능으로 출현할 수 있다는 가능성을 동아시아 철학이 열어줄 수도 있으리라 생각한다. This article claims that Asian philosophy can have positive attitude about artificial intelligence by interpreting Mohism and Confucianism as emotion functionalism. By emotion functionalism, I mean that human emotion does not refer to special private mental state, but refers to public phenomena which can be identified by the roles and functions of the human organism with various relation to circumstances. Normally we distinguish act with special affection from one without special affection and emphasize the purity of the former, but the emotion functionalism may hold that they are not essentially different. Mohism can be an emotion functionalism in holding that we can control emotion through intelligence which calculates the profits and harms. Confucianism is usually said to emphasize the purity of emotion, but the moral sentiment it supports has the characteristic of being controlled by the calculation of the intelligence as is in the case of Mohism. Thus if Asian traditional thinking were to be seen as an emotion functionalism, which is believed to control emotion through the function of intelligence, it could open the possibility of the appearance of super artificial intelligence with emotion in the future.